Waugh and Psychedelia

Posted on September 10, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

This week’s Spectator reviews a book by Rob Chapman about the history of psychedelic drugs. The title is Psychedelia and Other Colours . The book includes a consideration of the contribution made by novelist Aldous Huxley to the popularization of drugs such as mescalin and LSD.

Waugh was an admirer of Huxley’s early works such as Antic Hay, but he felt that the later works written after Huxley settled in California were inferior. A possible exception may have been After Many a Summer Dies the Swan which Waugh read as an introduction to his research on Forest Lawn cemetery for The Loved One (Letters, 247). The Spectator review by Ian Thomson quotes Waugh’s views as summarized in a 1955 symposium on Huxley, written before the furor in the press over LSD:

Evelyn Waugh was not alone in thinking that Huxley had gone bonkers in his American exile. (‘Huxley has done more than change climate and diet.’)

Waugh’s article on Huxley, entitled “Youth at the Helm and Pleasure at the Prow” and mostly devoted to a reconsideration of Antic Hay, is reproduced in Essays, Articles and Reviews (470).

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Travel-Writing Geezers

Posted on September 4, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Yesterday’s South China Morning Post reviews a collection of travel writing by those over 60: To Oldly Go. The reviewer separates the writers into those who find travel wonderful, those who take themselves too seriously and those “who have gradually become world-weary, curmudgeonly and dryly amusing.” And then there was Evelyn Waugh:

who set the 20th-century standard for acerbic travel humour at the beginning of his career with non-fiction books such as Labels (1930), Remote People (1931) and Ninety-two Days (1934), and remained mordant and exasperated until his last travel book, A Tourist in Africa (1960). He was 57 when that was published, sadly making him a little too young to be quoted in this book.

Waugh was already a fully-fledged geezer at the relatively early age of 57, so the editors would have been justified in making an exception to their qualifying age in his case. The book contains articles by superannuated travel writers such as Colin Thubron and Matthew Parris. The article concludes with another plug for the excluded Waugh:

Jaded armchair travellers who prefer a nice sit down and a cup of tea will find reassurance in the anthology of Waugh’s early travel writing, When the Going Was Good (1946), which was most recently published by Penguin in 2011.

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Books and Booze

Posted on September 3, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

The Guardian has published an article on what books make you thirsty. This is by Henry Jeffrys who just wrote a whole book on the subject. In his column, he runs through examples by Ernest Hemingway (Farewell to Arms), Patrick Hamilton (Hangover Square) and Graham Greene (almost any).  Then he arrives at Evelyn Waugh:

For Charles Ryder in Brideshead Revisited, a particularly fine burgundy is a “reminder that the world was an older and better place …” Brideshead might not be Waugh’s best novel but wouldn’t it be fun to drink your way through it? There’s the Clos de Bèze and montrachet from the scene above, plus cognac, vouvray, sauternes – and lashings of claret. It’s not the convivial drinking of Hemingway: instead, Waugh uses wine as a weapon of snobbery. He’s not immune, however, to the lighter side of drink. Take this delicious exchange in Officers and Gentlemen:

“Bertie and Eddie came into the bar, unsteady, rosy and smiling.

‘We’ve been sampling wine all the afternoon.’

‘Eddie’s tight.’

‘We’re both tight as owls.’”

Jeffrys misses the opportunity to identify another batch of unnamed wines from the Brideshead cellars that Charles and Sebastian sample.  One like a gazelle, another like a leprechaun and a third like the last unicorn. Maybe he confronts that issue in his book, Empire of Booze, to be published next year.

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New Waugh Sources Posted on Roman Catholic Blog

Posted on September 2, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Writer and economist Michael Greaney has posted an essay on Catholic365, a website for articles of interest to Roman Catholic readers, that claims a new source for some of Evelyn Waugh’s works. This source is said to be in  the writings of Robert Hugh Benson, an Englishman who converted to Roman Catholicism in the early 20th Century.  He is described on Wikipedia as “author of several novels and Roman Catholic apologetic works.” R.H. Benson is probably best known as the brother of the more famous E. F. (“Fred”) Benson, who wrote the Mapp and Lucia novels and of A.C. Benson, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and author of the words to the hymn Land of Hope and Glory. These three writer-scholars were the sons of Edward White Benson who was Archbishop of Canterbury.

According to Greaney, who has written a book about R.H. Benson’s novels, Roman Catholic theologians, including the Pope, have gotten it wrong about Benson’s writings being intended as dystopian prophecies. In fact, writes Greaney, he should be best remembered as a satirist who was admired by and influenced the writings of, inter alia, Evelyn Waugh:

Benson, in fact, appears to have inspired Waugh in some of Waugh’s more appalling and much blacker satires. Waugh’s gruesomely funny The Loved One: An Anglo-American Tragedy (1948) seems to have used Benson’s amusingly grim A Winnowing (1910) as something of a springboard. Waugh’s short story, “Out of Depth” shares elements and a theme with The Dawn of All — as, surprisingly, does Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.’s Slaughterhouse Five (1969). In Waugh’s novella Love Among the Ruins (1953 . . . with illustrations by the author), which he characterized as a light diversion to while away a few hours, we see a sprightly (if you’ve got a peculiar idea of sprightliness) alternative version of what Benson lambasted in Lord of the World.

Greaney writes that, according to Waugh,  Benson was a “brilliant if somewhat low-key satirist exposing the foibles of humanity with wit and irony, as the definition of satire has it.” Greaney doesn’t cite any of Waugh’s writings on Benson, but he may have in mind the preface Waugh wrote for a 1956 U.S. reprint of Benson’s  historical novel or parable Richard Raynal, Solitary (originally published in 1912 as The History of Richard Raynal, Solitary). Benson is also mentioned in Ronald Knox (1959) where Waugh describes (176) his best known work, the dystopian novel Lord of the World (mentioned in quote) as “a vision… of the universal Church reduced to a fugitive Pope bearing solitary witness to the truth which all mankind else has abandoned.” But that novel about a future dystopia was not, as Greaney explains, an example of Benson’s satire. For that he recommends  A Winnowing, the novel that he claims was a “springboard” for Waugh’s The Loved One.

 

 

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Waugh on Spender

Posted on August 28, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Satirist Craig Brown has reviewed a memoir of poet Stephen Spender in this week’s Mail on Sunday. This is a book by Spender’s son Matthew entitled A House in St. John’s Wood: In Search of My Parents. Among other revelations, the memoir confirms his mother’s  previously denied affair (or at least infatuation) with novelist Raymond Chandler as well as numerous homosexual affairs of his father. Waugh was not an admirer of Spender. His views are reflected in the memoir (as amplified by Brown):

Matthew quotes Evelyn Waugh as saying that, together with Auden and Isherwood, Spender had ‘ganged up and captured the decade’ of the Thirties… Tactfully, he fails to mention Waugh’s horribly damning verdict on Stephen Spender’s writing: ‘To see him fumbling with our rich and delicate language is to experience all the horror of seeing a Sèvres vase in the hands of a chimpanzee.’

The quotes are from Waugh’s 1951 review of Stephen Spender’s memoir, World Within World, reprinted in Essays, Articles and Reviews (p. 394). Waugh might have added in a more charitable spirit that Spender, unlike his chums Auden and Isherwood (who appeared in several of Waugh’s works beginning with the novel Put Out More Flags as Parsnip and Pimpernell), did not scarper off to the US during WWII but remained in England where he served in a fire brigade.

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Brideshead Named Among Top 10 Literary Castles

Posted on August 27, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

The Guardian has named Brideshead Castle among its list of Top 10 literary castles and country houses.  The list was put together by Helen Maslin as part of the Guardian’s ongoing series on Top 10 Children’s Books.  Others selected incude Nancy Mitford’s Hampton, home of Lady Montdore in Love in a Cold Climate, and P.G. Wodehouse’s Blandings Castle, seat of the 9th Earl of Emsworth (and his pigs).  More in keeping with the series’ stated theme, Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series is also named.  Maslin recently published a children’s book entitled Darkmere.  Here’s an excerpt from her description of Waugh’s novel as a book for children (or perhaps young adults):

Brideshead Revisited was a battered favourite among boys I knew when I was in my teens. Although it was never the theological theme of the book that interested them – they, like Charles Ryder, had fallen under the spell of Brideshead Castle and the glamorous Flyte family […] Charles is already entranced with beautiful and charming Sebastian Flyte, when he’s taken to Brideshead […] and admits that although “rapt in the vision” he also felt an ominous chill at the words Sebastian used – not, “that is my house”, but “it’s where my family live”.

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Waugh Among Top “Conservative” Novelists

Posted on August 22, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Literary historian and professor of British literature at Ghent University, Kate Macdonald, has published in the Guardian a list of what she considers the top 10 “conservative” novels. This is based in part on her recent book Novelists Against Social Change published last month by Palgrave Macmillan. In that book she discusses the novels of John Buchan, Dornford Yates and Angela Thirkell as they represent a conservative point of view. She complains that today’s teachers of literature ignore these works because their characters oppose social change and support imperialism.

Ignoring fiction of a political colour that you don’t agree with is teaching with blinkers on. Literary history should function as a 360-degree panopticon.

In her Guardian list, she expands the field to include “conservative” novels by other writers such as Nancy Mitford’s The Blessing (1951), Ian Fleming’s Dr. No (1958) and Dorothy Sayer’s Gaudy Night (1935). Also included is Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited about which Macdonald offers the following:

I’m sorry if this is a predictable choice, but Waugh is the most wonderful Tory writer, and this novel is a glorious elegy for the conservative life he could see disappearing after the second world war. It’s his most readable novel, and such a marvellous evocation of a vanishing prewar life of privilege. Waugh borrowed Thirkell’s obnoxious Captain Hooper from her novel Growing Up (1943) and put him in this novel to represent the ghastly new egalitarian world.

I wonder on what authority she has it that Waugh has read Thirkell’s 1943 novel or was sufficiently familiar with it to “borrow” a character?

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Waugh on Politics

Posted on August 21, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Athough Evelyn Waugh professed no interest in party politics and asserted that he never voted, he has been cited several times recently in political articles. In a Weekly Standard article earlier this month on the unfortunate politics of the British Royal family in the 1930s, Waugh’s assessment of George VI is quoted:

Evelyn Waugh called George VI’s reign “the most disastrous” since the Middle Ages: an empire lost, a country demolished by war, and socialists ruling the rubble.

Waugh is here quoted from a letter to Nancy Mitford, dated 15 February 1952 (Letters, pp. 368-69). The summary explanation is provided by the author of the article, rather than by Waugh. The article (“Fighting Siblings: The House of Windsor in uniform” by Dominic Green) concludes: “It could have been worse. What if Edward VIII had listened to his brothers in 1936 and been king in 1939?”

In an earlier article in the same journal, Joseph Epstein  was discussing English conservative Michael Oakeshott and had the occasion to compare the political philosophies of US and English conservatives:

England is (or at least was) a society aristocratic in spirit and based heavily on tradition. America is based on revolution. Americans, even ultra-conservative ones, have not given up on the idea of progress; English conservatives wish (or used to wish) to retard, even stop, progress. Evelyn Waugh once remarked that he would never again vote for the Tories: They had been in power for more than eight years and hadn’t turned back the clock one minute.

Waugh’s pronouncement on his disappointment with the Tories comes from Frances Donaldson, Evelyn Waugh: Portrait of a Country Neighbor (1967), p. 15, and was made in response to her congratulating him on the victory of the Conservative Party in 1951. The actual quote is “The Conservative Party have never put the clock back a single second.” The reference to the party’s having “been in power for more than eight years” seems to have been added by another hand.

Finally, the Buffalo (NY) News recently cited Brideshead Revisted for a quote applied to Hillary Clinton’s present predicament caused by her somewhat unconventional attitude to e-mail security during her tenure as Secretary of State:

“A twitch upon a thread,” was the way English novelist Evelyn Waugh described how a person’s gravest decisions might be influenced by the actions of another. In his “Brideshead Revisited,” the persons being “twitched” were fallen-away Catholics. Tugging at the other end of the string was God.

In the ongoing soap opera of Hillary Rodham Clinton and her emails and the emails of those closest to her, the federal justice community is holding one end of the thread. On the business end, it could be the director of the FBI, or the attorney general or even President Obama himself.

In this instance the quoted language is that of G.K. Chesterton. The quote comes from one of his Father Brown stories (“The Queer Feet”) which Lady Marchmain reads to her children and guests as was her custom at a time of family tension (Penguin, pp. 128, 212). Chesterton, who was admired by Waugh, was more active in politics and political writing than was Waugh but this quote had nothing to do with politics.

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Radiohead Musician A Waugh Fan

Posted on August 19, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

In a recent Guardian interview, Radiohead lead guitarist Johnny Greenwood named Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour as his favorite audiobook. He says he was introduced to Waugh’s work by reading Clive James, who he credits with helping him complete his education which was interrupted by demands of the band. His favorite book is James’ Poetry Notebook.

Here’s what he says about Sword of Honour:

It’s the sardonic view of army life that appeals to me most – “was this the already advertised spirit of Dunkirk? He rather thought it was…” I secretly rate this trilogy higher than Brideshead, and of all of Waugh’s put-upon heroes, Guy Crouchback is my favourite, forever doing “the right thing” and getting nowhere. I’m confident that this is exactly what army life was like for many in the second world war: chaos masquerading as order, and everywhere hypocrisy and humbug.

The quote is from volume 1 (Men at Arms) in the scene where Guy has denied the request of one of his men for leave to attend a dance contest. The request was made at the time of the unit’s emergency assignment to defense duty in the wake of the evacuation from Dunkirk.

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In the Tradition of Waugh

Posted on August 15, 2015 by Jeffrey Manley

Lawrence Osborne (b. 1958) is a British novelist and travel writer who is frequently compared to Waugh by his reviewers. The latest example is a review in the Irish Examiner of Osborne’s third novel, The Ballad of a Small Player, on the occasion of its appearance in paperback. The reviewer, Tony Clayton-Lea, writes that

Osborne shares with Waugh, in particular, a strain of stylised writing that is equal parts clever-clever, pretentious, and informed with a certain kind of wisdom…And yet there are times when he’s less Evelyn Waugh and more AA Gill.

There are those who think Gill’s writing, especially the ironic humor, also has a certain Wavian aura about it. Reviewers in the New York Times and the Literary Review of Osborne’s previous novel, The Forgiven, made a similar comparison. A fourth novel, Hunters in the Dark, is scheduled for U.S. publication early next year. It will be interesting to see whether the tradition continues.

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