W G Sebald, Comic Novelist?

In a long article in the latest edition of the New Yorker, Anglo-American literary scholar and critic James Wood (not to be confused with the scriptwriter of the same name who wrote BBC’s recent adaptation of Decline and Fall) tries to make a case for the late German novelist and academic W G Sebald as a “humorist”. He goes so far at one point as to compare Sebald’s “humorous” writing to that of Evelyn Waugh.

Wood concedes that:

Comedy is hardly the first thing one associates with Sebald’s work, partly because his reputation was quickly associated with the literature of the Holocaust, and is still shaped by the two books of his that deal directly with that catastrophe: “The Emigrants,” and… “Austerlitz” … Rereading him, … I’m struck by how much funnier his work is than I first took it to be. Consider “The Rings of Saturn” …, in which the Sebald-like narrator spends much of the book tramping around the English county of Suffolk. He muses on the demise of the old country estates, whose hierarchical grandeur never recovered from the societal shifts brought about by the two World Wars. … Sebald is regularly provoked to humorous indignation by the stubborn intolerability of English service. In Lowestoft, a Suffolk coastal town that was once a prosperous resort and is now impoverished and drab, he puts up at the ghastly Albion hotel. 

Sounds promising as a possible background for a comic Wavian scene. But then comes the punch line:

He is the only diner in the huge dining room, and is brought a piece of fish “that had doubtless lain entombed in the deep-freeze for years…The breadcrumb armour-plating of the fish had been partly singed by the grill, and the prongs of my fork bent on it. Indeed it was so difficult to penetrate what eventually proved to be nothing but an empty shell that my plate was a hideous mess once the operation was over.” Evelyn Waugh would have been quite content to have written such a passage. The secret of the comedy lies in the paradox of painstaking exaggeration (as if the diner were trying to crack a safe, or solve a philosophical conundrum), enforced by Sebald’s calm control of apparently ponderous diction (“operation”).

Assuming that Wood selected one of the more pronouncedly funny passages for an example, it is hard to agree with him that it reminds one of something Waugh might have written with any intention of evoking a laugh. Nor does anything in the remainder of Wood’s essay fly off the page as a example of the sort of comic writing that would bring it into the Waugh tradition. Perhaps some of our readers more familiar with Sebald’s writings than is your correspondent might share Wood’s views and would like to comment. Meanwhile, I am deferring any rash trips to the library to sample one of Sebald’s books (if only because of Wood’s advice that one of them has a sentence that spreads over 6 pages).

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General Election, Water Voles, and Nothing

A local news website in Kent has introduced Evelyn Waugh as an issue in the ongoing UK General Election. Kent Online has compiled a list of candidates for the seat in the Folkestone and Hythe constituency, with a thumbnail sketch provided by  each. The UKIP candidate Stephen Priestley offered this as his “Fun Fact” entry: “I am known to be a talented impersonator, and have memorised long passages from Evelyn Waugh’s ‘Brideshead Revisited.’” One wonders whether his BR quotes will shift many votes.

Private Eye in a review of Hanif Kureishi’s latest novel opens with a quote from Evelyn Waugh. Kureishi’s novel is entitled The Nothing, and the reviewer notes that some one should have warned Kureishi about his choice of a title because “nothing…is more calculated to stir an outbreak of pun-heavy facetiousness among reviewers.” Waugh’s 25 May 1950 letter to Nancy Mitford is then quoted: “I think nothing of Nothing” he wrote in reference to his friend Henry Green’s 1950 book of that title. The Private Eye review goes on to prove its point by quoting another notice of Kureishi’s book in the Literary Review which stated: “At least Mr Kureishi got his title right.” 

Waugh explained at some length his dismissive reference to Henry Green’s novel, effectively reviewing it (NMEW, p. 189):

I began it with the highest expectations & and please try & believe me, no tinge of jealousy, and was sharply disappointed. Some lovely lyric flashes, some very funny characters…but the idiom ran false everywhere…What Henry never did for a moment was to define his characters’ social positions…He stole from me the idea of a character having his leg off bit by bit before dying. I used it about a little boy in my first book, who was shot at school sports.

Waugh was an early booster of Henry Green’s work as was explained by Prof Donat Gallagher in his paper at the recent Waugh conference in Pasadena where he noted that Waugh had reviewed Green’s early novel Living three times. Thanks to Milena Borden for spotting this article.

Finally, The Times has an article about the recovery of the water vole in England:

Since getting a rather florid mention in Scoop, Evelyn Waugh’s 1938 satirical novel about the press, the water vole has had a tough time of it. Now, however, once more “feather-footed through the plashy fen passes the questing vole”… The water vole… has disappeared from 90 per cent of the streams and rivers where they once lived…Now water voles appear to be thriving [in some areas] and bringing benefits to other wildlife…

 

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Italian Review of Decline and Fall

Radio Spada, the Roman Catholic news website based in Italy, has published a review by Luca Fumagalli of Waugh’s Decline and Fall (published in Italian as Declino e caduta). This review covers both the book and the recent BBC TV serial which is available in Italy on a DVD. The review begins with the book:

Social satire, the dusk of the aristocracy and the criticism of modern culture are themes that the author develops with a cynical, but never desperate look, describing everything with disillusionment and implacable irony. Like all the first works, Decline to Fall is not without defects. An awkward Waugh struggles to mix grotesque with black humor, and the novel, among the most humorous in his bibliography, lacks perhaps the space needed to deepen the character psychologies, which are a bit too squared and charicatured. Except for these limits, however, the book convinces. The reading is pleasant, the pages flow quickly…

After summarizing the plot, Fumagalli concludes that the TV adaptation:

…follows the story of the novel quite faithfully. The direction of Guillem Morales is to translate the chapters of the book into images, taking little space for improvisations and fun games. The skillful actors are all very convincing; equally praiseworthy are the costumes and settings that make the atmosphere of the era so effective. The mini-series has, above all, the merit of being able to return the high value of the criticism that Waugh puts on the upper-class emptiness of the post-war period, making the world a bit like ours, a no longer moral place where the death and drama are narrated with light humor, where everything stinks of decay and ashes.

Following some specific comments on the characters of Otto Silenus, Margot Beste-Chetwynde, and the prison governor (who represents “the Anglican Church, painted as a receptacle for agnostics rather than for devoted Christians, and the liberal-progressive imprisonment reforms promoted by him do nothing more than provoke new tragedies”), the review concludes:

The DVD, available at major online retailers, is therefore absolutely unmissable. Decline and Fall, in addition to witnessing the disgust for the world that, later on, led Waugh to embrace Catholicism, is a contemporary and up to date watch, an excellent tool to understand the roots of that madness that makes any perversion (moral or intellectual) lawful which today, unfortunately, governs the world

The translation is by Google Translate with minor edits and some help from a reader. 

UPDATE (28 May 2017): Thanks to reader Roberto Lionello for help with the translation.

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2017 John H. Wilson Jr. Evelyn Waugh Undergraduate Essay Contest

Essays by undergraduates on the life and work of Evelyn Waugh are solicited for the 2017 John H. Wilson Jr. Evelyn Waugh Undergraduate Essay Contest. The contest is sponsored by Evelyn Waugh Studies, the journal of the Evelyn Waugh Society, whose editorial board will judge the submissions.

  • Subject: Any aspect of the life or work of Evelyn Waugh
  • Prize: $500
  • Limit: 5,000 words
  • Deadline: December 31, 2017

Undergraduates in any part of the world are eligible to enter.

Entries (in English, electronic submissions preferred) should be directed to (click to email), or to:

Dr. Patrick Query
Department of English & Philosophy
United States Military Academy
West Point, NY 10996
USA

Academics are encouraged to print the contest flyer and post it in their departments.

“There will be a prize of half a crown for the longest essay, irrespective of any possible merit.” — Decline and Fall (1928)

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Scoop and the Montana Election

The internet newsite Rare.us has issued a story about the physical persecution of a British reporter in the recent Montana special Congressional election. This is entitled: “The lesson of Greg Gianforte: Bashing journalists, even literally, isn’t much of a liability.” The Republican candidate Gianforte, ultimately successful, took exception to a question by Guardian reporter Ben Jacobs, and, according to the Rare.us report, when Jacobs refused to withdraw after being “asked politely” to do so, Gianforte: 

…body slammed him and punched him, breaking his glasses, all of which was later corroborated by audio from Jacobs’ recorder. Jacobs got a trip to the hospital and one hell of a story to tell his kids…

Rare.us opens its article with this quote from Waugh’s novel Scoop followed by an editorial comment:

“He had once seen in Taunton a barely intelligible film about newspaper life in New York where neurotic men in shirt sleeves and eye-shades had rushed from telephone to tape machine, insulting and betraying one another in surroundings of unredeemed squalor”. – “Scoop” by Evelyn Waugh.

Ah, for print journalism’s days of yore, when every reporter had a flask in the top drawer of his desk, editors used to wobble through the office in the late afternoon after spending the first half of the day reviewing copy at the bar, and staffs were packed into giant warehouse newsrooms thick with grime and sociopathy.

The libertarian-conservative website concludes from all this that, for journalists, “real grit and danger” such as Waugh described “do still exist” even in Montana. 

 

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Latest Issue of Evelyn Waugh Studies Posted on Website

The latest issue of the Society’s journal Evelyn Waugh Studies (Vol 47 No. 3, Winter 2016) is now posted on the website. It includes an article entitled “Guy’s Deleted Nippers, Part I: The Unending Story of the Ending of Unconditional Surrender,” by Jeffrey Manley.

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Arthur Waugh and Prufrock and More

The Weekly Standard’s current issue has an article by American literary scholar William Pritchard marking the centenary of T S Eliot’s first collection of poems–Prufrock and Other Observations. The lead poem in the slim volume of twelve was “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” previously included in a 1915 poetry anthology. Evelyn Waugh’s father, Arthur, had commented on Eliot’s poem when it appeared in that anthology. According to Pritchard:

… Arthur, was not taken by [the poem’s] originality … What Eliot and these young poets in their eagerness to be clever had forgotten was that “the first essence of poetry is beauty,” and that the “unmetrical, incoherent banalities” of such upstarts would eventually be corrected. Waugh concluded by alluding to a “classic custom in the family hall” in which a drunken slave was displayed by way of warning family members of the perils of unbridled self-expression. When Ezra Pound came to review Prufrock and Other Observations he mocked “a very old chap” (Arthur Waugh) for comparing the younger poets to “drunken helots,” Pound providing words that weren’t in the review. In fact, the reviewers of the Prufrock volume were more indifferent to the poems than outraged by them, as Arthur Waugh had been.

As evidenced by the numerous allusions at the recent Evelyn Waugh conference in Pasadena to T S Eliot’s work and its reflection in the works of Arthur’s son, Evelyn Waugh did not apparently share his father’s views. One bit of the evidence of the poem’s surviving influence may be the Weekly Standard’s regular column “Prufrock” by Micah Mattix.

The Daily Mail in a column by Val Hennessy entitled “Retro Reads” has recommended Waugh’s Decline and Fall (the book not the TV series):

With chortles galore — if somewhat public schoolboy chortles — Waugh’s comic novel on the page is hugely more amusing than the recent TV adaptation…One for the boys, I’d say. Posh, middle-aged boys at that.

Despite Hennessy’s dismissive attitude toward the TV series, the article is accompanied by a cover shot of the Penguin TV tie-in edition with Jake Whitehall appearing in his role of Paul Pennyfeather.

Finally, John Zmirak in his daily online religious-themed news report The Stream announces his resentment at “whatever satirical novelist is scripting our daily events from Hell. Or Purgatory, at best. No writer in Heaven would be cruel enough to inflict all this on us. Or would he?” He then lists four examples, but these are not from among the usual dystopian novels crowding the best seller lists such as 1984, Brave New World or The Handmaid’s Tale. Included in the books on Zmirak’s list is one by Evelyn Waugh–Love Among the Ruins which “predicted our transgender madness, the euthanasia craze, and the toxic, infantilizing effects of the welfare state …. ” The top satirist named by Zmirak for getting the future right is Anthony Burgess in The Wanting Seed:

which laid out a compelling theory of history: That the back and forth of ideologies and religions in the West acts like a see-saw. We always are either at or on the way to one extreme or the other. We oscillate between two theories of man.

 Waugh’s book is included in his Complete Stories.

 

 

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Decline and Fall in the National Review

Kyle Smith, drama critic of the National Review, has written a favorable review of the recent TV adaptation of Waugh’s novel Decline and Fall. This is now running on what Smith describes as “the superb streaming service Acorn TV, which … is an indispensable addition to the TV menu for fans of both current and classic British series.”

Smith opens the article with a consideration of past efforts to adapt Waugh’s work for the screen and finds that the comedies have fared less well that the “more dramatic works”  such as Brideshead Revisited. Decline and Fall presents an exception to this previous experience:

The TV adaptation gets Waugh’s humor exactly right: pugnacious and genteel, shocking yet understated, viciously deadpan, awash with fondness and cruelty. Somehow Waugh is both vicious and wistful about his days at Oxford, and later teaching at a “public school,” as the Brits call their private ones… [The script by James Wood] shows a real sense for perhaps the most English of humor techniques — the colossal understatement. Adhering to that dry tone throughout instead of seeking to punch up Waugh by making the jokes more visual is exactly the right choice. …  It’s a brilliant exercise in satirical leveling in which everyone in England seems to be drinking from the same well of absurdity. The TV adaptation is so faithful to Waugh’s glorious silliness that it ought to function as a gateway drug to his other work.

The review also discusses several details of the production, the acting and the script and is well worth reading before one watches the TV series as well as afterwards.

 

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Donald Trump, Pope Francis and Rex Mottram in Vanity Fair

Paul Elie, “pontificating” (his pun) in Vanity Fair magazine, writes of the possible results of this week’s meeting between Donald Trump and Pope Francis. He begins by comparing their respective elections:

How strange is this: a group of 115 unelected celibate men of advanced age, bound to secrecy, choosing from amongst themselves and casting paper ballots in the Sistine Chapel, elects a relatively unknown man who turns out to possess abundant virtue and wisdom, and who is also clearly a man of the people; whereas an American voting public of 126 million men and women, working from the copious information produced by a robust free press and an endless run of presidential debates, has its votes channeled through arcane electoral math and bestowed on a self-serving huckster who has a poor grasp of notions like “public service” and “the common good,” and whose idea of “the people” is “my people.” It’s enough to make you want to swap the Electoral College for the College of Cardinals.

Mr Elie is not an admirer of Donald Trump and goes on to compare him to an Evelyn Waugh character, also a businessman turned politician, seen to be of equal shallowness:

…Trump puts in mind the amoral, bounding industrialist Rex Mottram in Evelyn Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited, a wealthy, showy man of “invincible ignorance,” as the Catholic tradition used to call it—a person who, a priest in the novel dryly reports, “doesn’t correspond to any degree of paganism known to the missionaries.”

That is not the first time this comparison has been made in the press, and it is unlikely to be the last. Elie sees little hope for a good outcome of the meeting:

If any piece of Francis’s wisdom could get through to Trump…it might be the rubric for discernment that Francis has followed since his days as Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Jesuit provincial (superior) and archbishop of Buenos Aires. Here it is, cited time and again in the accounts of his life: “Time is greater than space; unity prevails over conflict; reality is more important than ideals; the whole is greater than the part.”

Elie goes on to consider how Donald Trump might react to each of these teachings. He is not optimistic. Here’s a link to the article.

Another Brideshead character appears on the internet in a promotion of menswear. This is on the website Mr Porter where a replica of Sebastian Flyte’s attire is on offer. This particular wardrobe appears in Charles Ryder’s description of Sebastian in Book One, Chapter One of the novel (Penguin, p. 24):

… “Sebastian entered – dove-grey flannel, white crêpe de Chine, a Charvet tie, my tie as it happened, a pattern of postage stamps”. Set against a backdrop of a grand English country house, the spires of Oxford and the canals of Venice, the novel is a must-read for anyone who has an appreciation for classic British attire and the vagaries of the English upper class.

A gray flannel, double-breasted blazer as well as a Charvet tie are featured. No crepe de Chine shirt is offered to complete the ensemble, however. See previous post. The promotion is not enhanced by a photo from the 2008 motion picture of Ben Whishaw wearing a rather garish mauve suit with broad white borders and a too large white fedora with a black ribbon. Clothing inspired by four other literary characters is included in the offer: Fitzgerald’s Jay Gatsby, Patricia Highsmith’s Mr Ripley, Brett Easton Ellis’s Patrick Bateman and Jack Kerouac’s Dean Moriaty.

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Ronald Knox, Prose Stylist

In a review of the recent collection of articles Ronald Knox, A Man for All Seasons (see earlier post), Washington journalist Matthew Walther declares Knox to be the greatest English prose stylist of his time (P G Wodehouse excepted). Several others are considered by Walther but rejected: Lytton Strachey, Logan Pearsall Smith, E. M. Forster and Hugh Trevor-Roper, as well as Waugh himself. The review, entitled “The Last Great Homilist”, appears in the current issue of the Roman Catholic journal, First Things, and opens with Walther quoting Evelyn Waugh in support of his conclusion:

…“Every word you have written and spoken has been pure light to me,” Waugh once told his friend, and it was Waugh who came closer than anyone to explaining the difficulty of assessing a fellow writer who did not “employ a single recognizable idiosyncratic style” or stick to a single genre. “No major writer in our history,” he said, “has ever shown such an extent of accomplishment” as this author of essays, parodies, apologetics, criticism, light verse, and memoirs; scholar and author of detective fiction; ecclesiastical historian; translator; and homilist of genius. He was not entirely right about Knox’s style, though one begins to see what he means. Knox had an unrivaled ear; he could imitate any writer in Greek, Latin, or English. But he was not one of those authors like Trevor-Roper—or Waugh himself during the writing of his memoirs—who gives one the impression of having composed with Gibbon or another exemplar open on his lap. Like Newman’s, his style is at once high—solemn, Augustan, elegant, periodic, musical—and low—breezy, chatty, colloquial—without the slightest hint of discord. It is identifiable and wholly singular.

Walther goes on to regret the neglect of Knox’s prose mastery, noting that very few of his books are in print today and that Waugh complained even in his own day Knox’s books were available only in stores selling religious goods:

One can say without exaggeration that the present volume, a bundle of appreciative essays, correspondence, and unpublished and uncollected writings, will be loved by everyone who opens it. But one also hopes that its appearance, at the centenary of Knox’s reception into the Church, will inspire a wider interest in his life and works.

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