Sunset Boulevard and The Loved One (More)

Another classic film blogger has posted an article noting, inter alia, the debt owed by Billy Wilder’s 1956 film Sunset Boulevard to Waugh’s novel The Loved One. (See previous posts.):

The British author’s satirical The Loved One was published in 1948, after Waugh had spent time in Hollywood observing the film industry and, of all things, the funeral industry. (The book is about a failed screenwriter who works for a cemetery and lives with a forgotten silent-film star.) Wilder and his co-writers reversed several elements, and there was no official connection between the movie and Waugh’s book. But as commentator Steve Sailer points out, more than one contemporary source mentions it as an inspiration. Sunset Boulevard‘s cinematographer, John Seitz, said Wilder “had wanted to do The Loved One, but couldn’t obtain the rights.” And gossip columnist Hedda Hopper (who appears in the movie as herself) wrote that “Billy Wilder … was crazy about Evelyn Waugh’s book The Loved One, and the studio wanted to buy it.” 

 An unintended comic touch not previously mentioned sounds like a scene from Waugh’s novel (or the 1960s film made from it):

THE OPENING SCENE HAD TO BE SCRAPPED BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE FOUND IT TOO FUNNY. 

Sunset Boulevard now begins with police cars racing to Norma Desmond’s house, where a dead body is floating in the pool. But it originally began in the L.A. county morgue, with toe-tagged corpses—including Joe’s—speaking to each other (in voiceover) about how they died. It was meant to be slightly humorous in a morbid way, but the audience at the first test screening found it flat-out hysterical, setting the wrong mood for the rest of the picture. When two more test audiences reacted the same way, Wilder cut the scene and the movie was saved.

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Audio Recordings of Waugh Conference Presentations Available Online

Audio recordings of the presentations made at the two-day conference on Evelyn Waugh at the Huntington Library in Pasadena earlier this month are now available online. There are 15 recordings in all and they are available at this link. The conference was supported by Mr and Mrs Loren Rothschild, the Evelyn Waugh Society and the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh as well as the Huntington Library. 

UPDATE (25 May 2017): The introductions to the speakers are not included in the sound recordings. It is therefore, in some cases, not possible to know who is speaking without reference to the program schedule. This is available at this link.

Other recently posted SoundCloud files include a recording of a discussion of Philip Eade’s recent biography of Waugh that was presented at a University of Leicester program last November. The discussion is between Barbara Cooke of the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh project and Philip Eade and is quite good on Eade’s coverage of Waugh’s family life, first marriage and war career. This may be accessed at this link. There is also a recording from the same University of Leicester program of a panel discussion on writing biography from letters and diaries. The panel includes Martin Stannard, Alexander Waugh and another biographer, Alexander Masters. This recording is available here. 

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USA Premiere of Decline and Fall Today

Acorn-TV is premiering the BBC’s adaptation of Waugh’s first novel Decline and Fall today. All three episodes are available now for streaming, and a free one-week trial is on offer for those who do not already have subscriptions. Here’s the link to the Acorn-TV site for the series.

The series appears in the weekly recommended TV columns in several US papers, including the New York Times (“madcap journey … UK critics raved”), the Washington Post and TV Insider (“brisk and truly funny … rollicking satire”). The Los Angeles Times also publishes a more detailed review of the series by its TV Critic Robert Lloyd:

In 1928, when Evelyn Waugh published his first novel, the satirical “Decline and Fall,” there was no television to speak of. (Books were like television once, culturally speaking, if you can believe it.) But his work … is very adaptable to the screen, with its vivid characters, colorful settings and made-for-speaking dialogue. Plus, it has the added bonus of satisfying our undying taste for British period pieces… Screenwriter James Wood … has taken almost all his material from the page, pruning and shaping without violating the original’s form, adding in incidental exchanges and bits of business that for the most part build upon rather than kill Waugh’s own jokes. If he sets off (literal) fireworks the original author left unlighted, because that is what the screen likes, Waugh at least put them there.

After detailed praise for the acting and writing, Lloyd concludes:

It is a semi-fantastical tale, … the sort of story that does not mind shooting a schoolboy in the foot for the sake of a joke and then giving him gangrene, adding infection to injury…(Some prejudices of the author and/or his characters have been softened slightly, but not eliminated, while matters about which Waugh had to be circumspect are made a little more obvious.)… There are many delightful things here, from the production, with its old fabrics and furniture, through the performances. … Most pleasant, perhaps, is the sense that there is a kind of order even in a chaotic world, a force that brings these characters together to their benefit, though much might be suffered along the way. Perhaps that’s just literature, but it’s a cheery thought, the odd case of gangrene notwithstanding.

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Decline and Fall in the US Papers

The TV Critic of the San Francisco Chronicle, David Weigand, has written a quite favorable review of the BBC’s adaptation of Decline and Fall which will debut tomorrow in the US:

Biting wit and a farcically frothy plot make “Decline and Fall” a delight. The three-part miniseries, available Monday, May 15, on Acorn.tv, is so much fun, you’ll be disappointed when the third episode is over. James Wood has done a beautiful job adapting the novel of the same name by the singular Evelyn Waugh. In fact, it was Waugh’s first published novel, and those who know his work will find familiar themes in the Acorn adaptation. 

The series will be available on the Acorn TV subscription service to stream over the internet. A subscription is required but there is also a free one-week trial period available.  The Chronicle’s review concludes:

The performances are exquisite… The story is post-Dickensian, with a heavy reliance on coincidence and characters who are over the top in one way or another. The whole confection turns on how blindly trusting Paul Pennyfeather is. He only sees the good in others, even when the bad is looking him straight in the face and taking undue advantage of him. All the better for our endless amusement.

The Wall Street Journal carries a feature-length story about the reception of the BBC TV series in the UK: “Evelyn Waugh’s ‘Decline and Fall’ Resonates After Brexit: The social divide  in the first TV adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s dark satire struck a chord in post-Brexit Britain”. The story is by Tobias Grey and opens with this:

Post-Brexit Britain is on the Waugh path. The first television adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s satirical debut novel “Decline and Fall” has been hailed by British critics for how its depiction of a deeply divided country resonates today.

Grey explains that the series drew large audiences in Britain (4 1/2 million viewers watched the first episode) even though it was distinguished by its high drama and humor from other lighter weight costume dramas (e.g., Downton Abbey) covering the same early 20c period. The Brexit link is tied down by the depiction of the Bollinger Club in episode one, where the defenestration of a pig’s head is added to Waugh’s story by the production team. This is a clear reminder that David Cameron and Boris Johnson were members of that group’s inspiration, the Bullingdon, given that such a prank became a major scandal for the Cameron government a few years ago. Cameron and Johnson went on to engineer the cynical Brexit vote, never dreaming that it would carry. But like the toffs in Waugh’s story, they were prepared to ruin things for the next generation by their own self-indulgent actions in their own. 

Another addition to Waugh’s story along the same lines occurs in episode two where a  gossip columnist infiltrates Margot’s party disguised as a shiekh and proceeds to troll for copy. This echoes the real life exploits of Mazer Mahmood who similarly used a disguise to gain access to events for over 20 years, dredging up stories from unsuspecting guests for the tabloids. He was finally stopped when he was sentenced last year to 15 months for conspiring to pervert the course of justice. The scriptwriter James Wood admits to the addition of such contemporary in-jokes but explains that few were needed since Waugh’s “book feels like it was written for today.”

UPDATE (15 May 2017): The original story mentioned that the WSJ article was behind a paywall but a reader has kindly forwarded a copy of the full story in which Grey forcefully makes points overlooked by other journalists such as those noted above. 

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Waugh Included in Ethiopia Collection

An excerpt from Waugh’s 1931 travel book Remote People has been included in a recent collection of writings about Ethiopia. The book, recently reviewed in the TLS,  is edited by Yves-Marie Stranger and is entitled Ethiopia: through writers’ eyes. The Waugh excerpt is entitled “Waugh on Rimbaud” and appears in Chapter 5 of the collection: “Goodbye Abyssinia, Hello Ethiopia (1930-2015).” The material probably relates to Waugh’s side trip to the remote outpost of Harar where the poet Arthur Rimbaud had lived in the 1880s, pursuing various trading ventures, including gunrunning. Waugh did manage to find an aged Roman Catholic cleric in Harar who recalled Rimbaud. There is also a selection in the book from Rimbaud’s works entitled “A Sunken Boat,” perhaps an allusion to his poem “The Drunken Boat.” 

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Lucy, Paula, Jane and Evelyn

Columnist Jennifer Selway in her Daily Express entertainment gossip column brings Evelyn Waugh into a literary scholarship cat fight between Waugh biographer Paula Byrne, PhD (Liverpool), and BBC historical TV presenter Lucy Worsley, DPhil (Sussex), both of whom have also written recent books about Jane Austen:

LUCY WORSLEY, TV’s history kitten, who loves to dress up, has been accused of plagiarising a book about Jane Austen by fellow author Paula Byrne. Bits of Lucy’s book sound ever so much like bits of Paula’s book … Meanwhile let me recommend another of Paula Byrne’s books, published a few years back. Mad World: Evelyn Waugh And The Secrets Of Brideshead tells the louche, compelling story of the Lygon family, the inspiration for the Brideshead clan … If Lucy Worsley ever does a book on this we can look forward to her subsequent TV series wearing Oxford bags and clutching a teddy bear called Aloysius.

The discovery of the alleged plagiarism was announced in the current issue of Private Eye (No 1443) in an article entitled “Playing fast and Lucy.”

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More Information Available on Initial Complete Works Volumes

Oxford University Press has released additional information on the first volumes of the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh to be published later this year. See previous posts. This includes more detailed descriptions of the contents as well as the cover art for two of the volumes (Rossetti and A Little Learning). There are also biographical sketches of the editors, and the table of contents for one of the volumes (Rossetti) has been posted (click on “Table of Contents” to left of book cover). Here’s an example of the new descriptive information that is now available. This relates to volume 29, Essays, Articles and Reviews 1922-1934:

This first volume of Evelyn Waugh’s Articles, Essays, and Reviews contains every traceable piece of journalism that research could uncover written by Waugh between January 1922, when he first went up to Oxford, and December 1934, when he had recently returned from British Guiana and was enjoying the runaway success of A Handful of Dust.

Long interred in fashion magazines, popular newspapers, sober journals, undergraduate reviews, and BBC archives, 110 of the 170 pieces in the volume have never before been reprinted. Several typescripts of articles and reviews are published here for the first time, as are a larger number of unsigned pieces never before identified as Waugh’s. Original texts, so easily distorted in the production process, have been established as far as possible using manuscript and other controls. The origins of the works are explored, and annotations to each piece seek to assist the modern reader.

The volume embraces university journalism; essays from Waugh’s years of drift after Oxford; forcefully emphatic articles and contrasting sophisticated reviews written for the metropolitan press from 1928 to 1930 (the most active and enterprising years of Waugh’s career); reports for three newspapers of a coronation in Abyssinia and essays for The Times on the condition of Ethiopia and on British policy in Arabia. Finally, in early 1934 Waugh travelled for three months in remote British Guiana, resulting in nine travel articles and A Handful of Dust, acclaimed as one of the most distinguished novels of the century. Waugh was 19 when his first Oxford review appeared, 31 when the Spectator printed his last review of 1934. This is a young writer’s book, and the always lucid articles and reviews it presents read as fresh and lively, as challenging and opinionated, as the day they first appeared.

Some of this new information (e.g., more detailed contents description and cover art) is also posted on Amazon.com, which is offering modest discounts on some volumes.

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More Publicity for Decline and Fall US TV Debut

The New York Times TV critic Neil Genzlinger has written a short preview of the TV adaptation of Decline and Fall that will premiere via online streaming Monday on Acorn TV: 

Nobody does waggishness like the British, a skill on full display in “Decline and Fall,” a three-part adaptation of the Evelyn Waugh novel … The novel, Waugh’s first, pokes fun at snobbery and the British class system, which was far more rigid and dominant in 1928, when the book came out, than it is today.

A note accompanying the online publication explains that the article will appear in the print edition on 14 May with the headline “As Trousers Fall, A Decline Begins.”

The Fort-Worth Star-Telegram from the home state of Eva Longoria, who plays Margot Beste-Chetwynde in the film, reports:

School Daze: “Decline and Fall,” a laugh-out-loud miniseries based on a classic Evelyn Waugh novel, originated on BBC to rave reviews. … Jack Whitehall stars as Paul Pennyfeather, a young man drummed out of Oxford for morality infractions that weren’t his fault. He winds up teaching in a third-rate boarding school and falling head over heels with a dangerous widow (scene-stealing Eva Longoria).

A blogger in the UK (Nick Harris) was inspired by watching the series on the BBC to write a retrospective assessment of Waugh’s career as a modernist literary innovator. His article begins:

It is to be hoped that the BBC’s ongoing three part adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s first published novel, Decline and Fall, will have prompted a second look at both its writer and his life. … Watching this series, one might assume Waugh was a witty humorist, hilariously satirising public schooling, London high society, modern art and British culture. Waugh did do all of these things and it is tempting …  for the satire and humour of his work to be seen as his greatest accomplishment. But Waugh was not just a proto-PG Wodehouse. The novels he produced are innovative and creative beyond measure in terms of prose styling whilst the more morbid and dispiriting trends which feature in most of his novels lend a fascinating insight into the Waugh’s interwar world…

Thanks to reader Dave Lull for sending along this interesting article.

Finally, another US news outlet, the San Diego Free Press, has posted an article by Brett Warnke in which another of Waugh’s comic novels is mentioned in the context of his critical appreciation of Californians:

…as you walk and talk in our beloved streets consider those strollers who, despite the planes and parrots, remain talking. The deafening sound has no competition but still they will speak, almost as if their words are as indistinct and unaccounted for as the morning mist that burns away. Evelyn Waugh noticed this and wrote his cynical 1948 novel “The Loved One”. To sink his teeth into Hollywood culture, he had an incisive comment on California. An Englishman, Sir Francis Hinsley, spoke of his contentment living in the Golden State.

“The climate suits me,” he says to his friends. “They are a very decent, generous lot of people out here and they don’t expect you to listen. Always remember that, dear boy. It’s the secret of social ease in this country. They talk entirely for their own pleasure. Nothing they say is designed to be heard.”

Southern California is, in its sprawling way in and before Waugh’s description, a place where communication even among city dwellers is hindered by geography.

 

 
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Article on Waugh and Refugees

The current issue of the Brno Studies in English carries an article by Prof Carlos Villar Flor   entitled “Displacement and Exile in Evelyn Waugh’s Post-War Fiction”.  The article is based on a paper Prof Villar Flor presented at the 2015 conference on Evelyn Waugh at the University of Leicester. It is available to read online in a PDF file at the above link. Here is the abstract:

Evelyn Waugh’s later fiction, especially his acclaimed trilogy known as Sword of Honour, is an indispensable source for a first-hand depiction of Britain’s involvement in the Second World War. Waugh’s millitary service in Croatia from 1944 to 1945 strengthened his concern for the predicament of the displaced persons and exiles he met there. Perhaps the clearest evidence of this new awareness is the privileged space that such characters find in these stories and the degree to which their suffering permeates the narratives they inhabit. My paper discuses Waugh’s treatment of displacement and exile in the final stages of the war trilogy and provides a historical background to his presentation of displaced persons, using Papastergiadis’s concept of deterritorialization as analytical tool.
 

Prof Villar Flor is the co-author with Prof Donat Gallagher of the 2014 study of Waugh’s military career In the Picture: The Facts behind the Fiction in Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour.

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Maggs Bros to Mount Waugh Artwork Exhibit

Maggs Bros Ltd, a London bookselling institution since 1853, will move into new quarters in Bloomsbury later this month. After many years in Berkeley Square, they will now be quartered at 48 Bedford Square from 25 May. According to an article on the weblog of Fine Books Magazine:

The new Bedford Square location comes with its own special provenance–it was formerly the home of Bedford College, the first higher education institution for women in Britain, attended by author George Eliot, Kate Dickens (daughter of Charles), and Lady Byron (wife of the notorious poet).  

In the spirit of innovation, Maggs seeks to broaden the collector community with events and exhibitions. … Two exhibitions are … in the works for summer: one focused on T.E. Lawrence and one on Evelyn Waugh’s artwork.  

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