Brideshead People in Telegraph

Today’s Daily Telegraph contains a discussion (not quite a review) of the theatrical version of Brideshead Revisited that opened last week in York. This is in an article by Rupert Christiansen entitled: “What became of the real people who inspired Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited ?” He begins by focusing on the differences in the character of Sebastian as cast in the play and in the 1981 TV film:

Most striking – and probably controversial – will be the decision of [Damian Cruden, the play’s director] to cast Christopher Simpson as Sebastian. An olive-skinned 41-year-old of Irish-Greek-Rwandan descent best known for his role as Karim in the film adaptation of Monica Ali’s novel Brick Lane, Simpson would, on paper, be nobody’s obvious idea of this iconic character, but Cruden is delighted with his choice.”…First of all, I should say that Christopher is just a terrific actor, and he certainly doesn’t present himself like a standard 41-year-old. In fact, he’s got this Peter Pan quality that matches Sebastian’s personality perfectly. And remember the novel doesn’t only tell us about him as an undergraduate – when it ends, he must be well into his 40s.”

Christiansen goes on to note that many of the characters are sourced from people Waugh knew. As to the source of Sebastian Flyte, Chrstiansen firstly cites him to Hugh Lygon. But he goes a bit astray by asserting that Hugh Lygon carried a teddy bear around Oxford–that bit of Sebastian is usually assumed to have come from John Betjeman. Christiansen goes on to discuss:

… a closer source for Sebastian,…the poignant figure of Alastair Graham. The son of a baronet, fervently Catholic and under the spell of his widowed mother, he was considered as adorable as he was aimless and alcoholic (a pattern emerges here). In his reticent autobiography A Little Learning, Waugh describes him only in passing as “the friend of my heart”, under the pseudonym of Hamish Lennox.

…But what happened to Alastair Graham doesn’t echo Sebastian’s fate. After years of drifting round the Levant, he returned to England and ended his life in a village on the Welsh Borders. When the writer Duncan Fallowell tracked him down, he was a grumpy recluse, “in mortal fear of exposure”…He died in 1982, forgotten yet immortalised, and now to be reimagined once more on stage.

Alastair’s Catholicism was voluntary, since he converted in 1924, unlike Sebastian’s, who was born into that faith and had no choice in the matter. So, it seems unlikely that religion entered much, if at all, into Alastair’s selection as a character model.

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“Dinner Teresa at Quaglino’s”

Quaglino’s restaurant on Bury Street in St James’s, London, has been using Evelyn Waugh in its advertising copy for some time:

The Mountbattens patronised Quaglino’s, Evelyn Waugh came for lunch, and the smart set crowded into the bar hoping for a table. When the Prince of Wales (later, briefly, Edward VIII) took a liking to the place, the fame of John Quaglino’s restaurant was assured. 

Waugh’s patronage of the restaurant is borne out by his biographers and his own papers. Duncan McLaren says he had dinner there with Audrey Lucas in December 1930 (a year after it opened in 1929). Then in late 1932 he records two meals there in his diary: dinner with the Henry Yorke’s and later in the week with Teresa Jungman. He notes the menu of the latter: “caviare aux blinis, cold partridge, marrow on toast” (Diaries, pp. 355-56). Waugh’s latest biographer, Philip Eade, mentions this meal in recent excerpts from his book in the Daily Mail. See earlier post. The meal took place just before Waugh’s departure for British Guyana. Waugh also records in a letter to Diana Cooper meeting the restaurant’s owner on the Dover-Calais channel ferry in 1933 (Mr Wu and Mrs Stitch, p. 32).

Whether the current restaurant bears much resemblance to the one frequented by Waugh is difficult to say. It is located in the premises of the ballroom that was added in 1959 next door to the original restaurant. The Quaglino brothers had sold out after the war, but the restaurant survived through the 1960s. After a hiatus of several years, it was reopened by Terrence Conran in 1993 and eventually acquired by the present owners when Conran’s restaurant group was sold in 2007. The dinner menu still offers the caviar and blinis, but no partridge or marrow on toast. From the photos on the restaurant’s website, the decor looks a bit (if you’ll excuse the expression) cringe-making or, in more recent parlance, over the top.  Understated it’s not. 

On the other hand, a recent article in the Evening Standard suggests that Waugh would be impressed with this sort of restaurant decor:

Evelyn Waugh had a pet name for the luxuries of London life that he coveted — “marble halls”, meaning by this the grand hotel dining rooms of The Ritz and so forth. He would have appreciated Boyds Grill & Wine Bar, I think. For here, hidden away, despite being so central it is practically in Trafalgar Square, behind a hotel façade, is a beautiful room, with a soaring coffered ceiling, mighty chandeliers, marble on the walls, marble on the floor. It’s a treat in itself — yet almost secret somehow.

Waugh used the quoted phrase in a 1963 letter to Ann Fleming, jokingly advising her that if he were in London as frequently as she wrongly claimed, she “would be constantly plagued by invitations to marble halls” (Letters, p. 601).

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“BBC Future” Cites Waugh on Class Structure

On a recently established web site called BBC Future, one of their staff writers, David Robson, earlier this month posted an essay entitled “How much does social class matter in Britain today.” He concludes that it does still matter but to a different extent than formerly. In his essay, he has occasion to cite Evelyn Waugh’s 1955 “Open Letter to the Hon. Mrs. Peter Robb (Nancy Mitford) on a Very Serious Subject”: 

…writers have been ringing the death knell for the British class system since at least the early 20th Century. Writing an open letter to his friend Nancy Mitford, Evelyn Waugh claimed that “the vast and elaborate structure grew up almost in secret. Now it shows alarming signs of dilapidation.” His own novel Brideshead Revisited is itself an homage to the English nobility, which seemed to be crumbling along with the titular stately home.
But although the structure of the class system may have changed since Waugh’s day, there are still very clear strata in our society, each with different levels of social, cultural and economic capital. Considering factors like education, salary, professions, and household ownership, the BBC’s own Great British Class Survey discovered seven distinct classes in total, with an elite (representing roughly 6% of the population) residing above a wide spectrum of working and middle classes.

The quote comes from near the beginning of Waugh’s “Open Letter” that appeared first in Encounter magazine (December 1955). It was later reprinted in the 1956 collection of essays edited by Nancy Mitford and entitled Noblesse Oblige and is also included in Waugh’s collected Essays, Articles and Reviews (p. 494).

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Brideshead Cast and Crew Interviews Posted on YouTube

The English Touring Theatre has posted on YouTube snippets  from interviews of the cast and crew of the Brideshead Revisited stage adaptation. The play, scripted by Bryony Lavery, opened last night at the York Theatre Royal. Reviews are eagerly awaited.

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Waughs in Magazines

Two recent magazine articles are devoted to Waughs. The current issue of the Tablet contains an article entitled “Scoop revisited.” This is by critic and novelist D.J. Taylor and relates to the 1960 BBC Face-to-Face TV interview that was recently rebroadcast on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death. Taylor concludes that Waugh got much the better of the interviewer John Freeman, considered rather aggressive at the time:

Nervous or not, Waugh offers a lesson in how to deal with the media so consummate that you wish he had survived to take on Sir Robin Day or Jeremy Paxman. Unwelcome questions are lobbed straight back (Q: “You have said that you were unhappy at Lancing [his public school]” A: “Have I? Whom to?”)…

Freeman, with whom you rather sympathise, receives his coup de grâce when wondering why Waugh has consented to appear on the programme in the first place. “Poverty,” his guest breezily returns. “We have been hired to talk in this deliriously happy way.”

As one who was recently rebuked by the “Evelyn Waugh Newsletter” for suggesting that the great man, had he lived, would have shied away from the modern media circus, I now realise that my critic was right. Waugh was a sharp operator, who would have contrived to project his personality – or sometimes only conceal it – in any age.

In the Australian conservative literary journal Quadrant, Mark McGinness has written an article entitled “Half a century in the wake of Waugh” (v. 60, n.4, April 2016). Although according to the abstract, this article begins with a description of Evelyn Waugh’s funeral, the subjects of the article are summarized as:

World War (1939-1945); English fiction; Waugh, Alec, 1898-1981; Detective and mystery stories

 The article is behind a paywall and requires a subscription.

NOTE (24 April 2016): As it turns out, the brief description of the Quadrant article is misleading. It is NOT primarily about Alec Waugh but is instead a rather good summary of the life and work of his younger brother Evelyn. In effect, it is an Australian tribute to Evelyn Waugh on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death. Alec figures in it only as part of the description of Evelyn’s childhood during which their father favored his elder son.

McGinness’ article opens amusingly with an Australian reference:

Some years ago, a knock-about neighbour glanced at a book I was carrying, a recent biography, which had splashed in bold characters across its spine ‘EVELYN WAUGH’. “Ah,” he suggested, “Steve and Mark’s Mum?” It is now half a century since the writer’s death, and thirty-five years since, to general acclaim, the cameras lovingly panned the glories of Castle Howard and the spires of Oxford, catching the languid tones of their inhabitants in Brideshead Revisited. So perhaps Waugh had faded from popular consciousness?

Australians will know, as your correspondent was informed by Prof. Don Gallagher, that Steve and Mark Waugh are Antipodean cricket players. (For the record, Steve’s mum is named Beverley.) After an entertaining and accurate summary of Evelyn Waugh’s career, that demonstrates no fading from popular consciousness has occurred, McGinness concludes with a reference to another Aussie:

His life will surely continue to be a source of fascination. And his work? With his genius for narrative and his mastery of prose, his gift for comedy and his grasp of character, Evelyn Waugh could expect to be read for as long as fiction is prized. The great Clive James, in his review of the Letters, put it perfectly, “Waugh is in a direct line with Shakespeare and Dickens. …… consensus has been delayed because many critics were rightly proud of the Welfare State and regarded Waugh’s hatred of it as mean-minded. He was paid out for his rancour by his own unhappiness. For the happiness he can still give us it is difficult to know how to reward him, beyond saying that he has helped make tolerable the modern age he so abominated.”

James’ 1980 review, entitled “Waugh’s Last Stand,” first appeared in the New York Review of Books and was reprinted in his collected essays From the Land of the Shadows (London, 1982, p. 120).

NOTE (1 May 2016): The Quadrant article is now posted on the internet in full.

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BBC Video Credits Waugh with Country House Revival

The BBC has posted a 3.25 minute video about the revival of interest in the English country house. Here’s a link (don’t be alarmed if it opens with an ad). Narrated by art historian Alistair Sooke, it begins with recognition of the dire state of country houses after WWII. At that time many, among them Evelyn Waugh, felt that these structures were doomed to decay and destruction. Sooke credits Waugh with helping to restore interest in country houses and their occupants with his 1945 novel Brideshead Revisited. He also notes the positive impact of the 1981 TV series based on the novel.  But already by 1959 when Waugh wrote a new preface for his revised edition of the novel,  it was obvious that the country house had survived. Sooke concludes by noting Waugh’s apology in the new preface for some of the gluttony in the 1945 version but says it was the glutinous prose of Waugh which helped to save what he feared would be lost. The video was filmed on the grounds of Castle Howard where both the TV and later theatrical versions were filmed and includes an interview with Nick Howard, the present owner. The video is part of a BBC promotional effort and will play worldwide. 

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Director of Stage Adaptation Talks About Brideshead

The York Press carries a story in which Damian Cruden, director of the stage adaptation of Brideshead Revisited that opens tomorrow in York, explains his interpretation of the novel. In Cruden’s view:

“Above all it’s a family saga, with its fair share of whimsy and is definitely not to be taken entirely seriously, but it’s wonderful telling of a tale that does have something to do with defining the nature of Englishness, and undoubtedly it was one of the defining novels of the 20th century,” said Damian.

“Not that Waugh was completely happy with it, as he revised the book for the American publication in the 1950s because he had some issues with it. He was concerned it was too pastoral or over-saccharine, but I don’t agree with that. It might not be as cutting or as sharp as Vile Bodies, but what Waugh does is take a story that stretches a long way back in time and also looks a long way forward.

“He looks at how the Roman Catholic Church and the aristocracy sit in England, between the wars, as Charles Ryder recounts his memories of this aristocratic way of life and this family that seemed to have everything but in fact have nothing. The one thing the Flytes end up with is their faith, which is stronger than anything else. For Charles too, he wants to be able to believe; he wants faith.”

The U.K. edition of the novel was revised in 1960 for the reasons given by Cruden. Those revisions were not incorporated into the U.S. edition until 2012.

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Waugh Ranks High on LGBT Authors List

An interactive internet site called Ranker has produced a list of what it calls the best homosexual authors (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) and invites viewers to vote on the rankings. It’s not clear to your correspondent how the ranking system works, but at present Waugh is ranked #18. If you click on the entry, it will explain the ranking in terms of how people have voted. Here’s the explanation of the list, which is credited to KRon34:

List includes known gay authors, living or dead—can be novelists, short story or film writers, poets, etc. Vote on the merits of their work.
Who are the most famous gay writers in history? This list contains over 200 of the most notable gay writers ever, with photos where available. Some of the literary world’s best talent has come from gay writers. The best gay authors may or may not choose to speak openly about their sexuality and tackle it as a theme in their writing or in their books…Some on the list may not be considered “gay” by modern terms as cultures have changed throughout the centuries. Others were out and proud and used their unique experience to create some of the best gay literature of all time. That said, regardless of their era in antiquity, these gay authors have all expressed interest in same-sex relations.

Waugh does considerably better in this group of writers than he did when Time magazine erroneously placed him on a list of women writers, where he ranked #96. Other writers of Waugh’s generation ranking above him on this list are E.M. Forster (#4), Virginia Woolf (#5), T.S. Eliot (#9), D.H. Lawrence (#10), Christopher Isherwood (#12), and W.H. Auden (#15), of whom the eligibility of Woolf, Eliot and Lawrence seem somewhat questionable. Just below Waugh is openly gay poet Allen Ginsburg (#19) and further down are Noel Coward (who was pretty well “out”) and Somerset Maugham (who was somewhat less so). Waugh had homosexual affairs in his undergraduate days, as described in his Diaries, but later in life tended toward the homophobic. There were few openly gay characters in his books, although Ambrose Silk and Anthony Blanche would probably qualify, as well as, in the opinions of many, would Charles Ryder and Sebastian Flyte.

 

 

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Spanish Article on Waugh 50th Anniversary

The Spanish-language online newspaper Aceprensa yesterday published an article marking the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death. The article, by Miguel Castellvi, makes several points:

–Despite charges of snobbery and elitism, Waugh’s reputation as one of the 20th century’s greatest writers of English prose has endured.

–His reputation is recognized by the project of the Oxford University Press and University of Leicester to publish his complete works in 43 volumes and the announcement of a new biography to be published in July.

–In Spanish, Carlos Villar Flor has translated five of his novels, including the three volumes of his war trilogy, Sword of Honour (La espada del honor).

–Villar Flor has also joined with Prof. Donat Gallagher to write In the Picture, which is a historical review of Waugh’s military career aimed at correcting many misconceptions of previous biographers and critics.

Villar Flor is also a member of the Evelyn Waugh Society and has lectured at several of its conferences. The foregoing is based on a Google Translate version of the article. Anyone wishing to correct or edit this summary is invited to file a comment as directed below.

 

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Journals of Alan Pryce-Jones Published

The journals of literary critic and post-war editor of the TLS, Alan Pryce-Jones were published, largely unnoticed, late last year. These cover the years 1926-1939 and are entitled Devoid of Shyness. According to a recent notice in the New Criterion’s Critic’s Notebook column:

Alan Pryce-Jones was an aesthete straight out of Evelyn Waugh or Ronald Firbank, a man of immense literary promise but even greater powers of dispersion, which eventually swamped the promise…. This book is less a chronicle than a series of impressions, affidavits of temperament and sensibility, as AP-J made his way from being (in the words of the book’s editor, John Byrne) “a barely sufferable precocious and privileged teenager” to the intensely social bon vivant who knew everyone and went everywhere … Alan Pryce-Jones exhibits an astonishing self-absorption and, on political matters, a troubling naĂŻvetĂ©, but this period piece reveals a rare species of cultivated sensibility that, although clearly a hothouse varietal, nonetheless betokened an achievement of culture that was, in its way, as glorious as it was unsustainable. 

In his 1987 autobiography The Bonus of Laughter and his brief memoir in Evelyn Waugh and His World (1973), edited by his son David, Alan Pryce-Jones does not claim friendship or even close acquaintance with Waugh. But the two moved in the same literary world and met on several occasions. On one occasion, however, a meeting was avoided. This is described in the memoirs of Violet Powell, wife of Anthony Powell. The aborted meeting occurred (or not, in this case) in the mid 1950s when Ronnie Knox was living at Mells Manor, near the Powells, as the guest of Katharine Asquith. Pryce-Jones was scheduled to visit the Powells and was escorted by novelist L.P. Hartley, who also lived nearby. They had scheduled a stop on the way at Mells Manor at a time when Waugh was also there on a visit. According to Violet Powell:

It was subsequently leaked that Monsignor Knox and Katharine had been apprehensive that Evelyn Waugh would be impolite to Alan Pryce-Jones for a number of absurd reasons. To avert a social disaster, Ronnie had firmly taken Evelyn out for a walk, and kept him looking at the pigsties till the coast was clear. The Departure Platform (1996, p. 96).

There is nothing in Waugh’s biographies, diaries or letters to suggest any enmity between them. There is a brief mention in Waugh’s Diaries (p. 782) that Graham Greene had expressed a dislike of Pryce-Jones and wished to avoid a possible encounter, to which Waugh replied “he always accepts all invitations and then decides on the most attractive at the last moment.” He advised Greene not to worry because Pryce-Jones would likely chuck the occasion where Greene feared a confrontation. Although Pryce-Jones did show up, Greene told Waugh the next day that he “sat up till 4 drinking whisky” with him. Pryce-Jones had written a thoughtful,  thorough, and much-cited review of Put Out More Flags in the New Statesman (reprinted in The Critical Heritage: Evelyn Waugh, p. 214) and was a convert to Roman Catholicism, so it’s not obvious why Ronnie Knox and Katharine Asquith went to such lengths to avoid a meeting between him and Waugh. Perhaps Pryce-Jones’ journals will shed some light on the matter.

Only 500 copies of the journals were printed by a small press in York, and they are not available from Amazon. They may, however, be bought through Stone Trough Books in York (which is also the publisher)–Phone: 01904-670323; email: (click to email).

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