The Tablet Reprints Excerpt from Waugh Requiem

The current issue of The Tablet reprints an excerpt from the address delivered by Fr. Philip Caraman at the Requiem Mass for Evelyn Waugh at Westminster Cathedral on 21 April 1966:

Christ commanded us to trade with our talents. This Evelyn Waugh did. He sought perfection in his craft and came nearer to achieving it than perhaps any man of his time. But the way he cultivated his gifts was only one manifestation of his fidelity – the virtue marked the whole man …

It is not an accident that A Handful of Dust is generally reckoned the best of his earlier novels. It was written when he was still wounded by the failure of loyalty. Under the shock he sought a faith that would underpin morals. He found it, assisted by Fr Martin D’Arcy, to whom he dedicated and gave his book, Edmund Campion. “Conversion,” he wrote, speaking of himself in the third person, “suggests an event more sudden and emotional than his calm acceptance of the propositions of his faith – in early manhood when many Englishmen of humane education were falling into Communism.” Unlike them, he remained steadfast.

By special dispensation, the Mass was celebrated in Latin.

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Brideshead Reviewed (Yet More)

The Daily Mail has posted a brief but largely positive review of the Brideshead Revisited stage adaptation that opened last week in York. The review is by Patrick Marmion who, after praising the production and performances (“serious, witty and elegant”), concludes:

… it was brave to stage the book without enlisting the magnificent Palladian backdrop — let alone the rose-tinted views of Oxford, Venice and Tangiers. But that doesn’t stop dramatist Bryony Lavery encompassing Waugh’s sprawling grandeur.

She relates it as impressionist memories in this handsome show for the re-opening of the Theatre Royal after its £6 million refit. So one cannot just zone out in a warm bath of fragrant nostalgia. Instead we grapple with Waugh’s guilty Roman Catholicism — and designer Sara Perks’ set is almost Protestant in its minimalism…The closing death throes of Lord Marchmain feel interminable, but overall this is an engaging show that keeps faith with Waugh’s seriousness as much as his dreaminess.

Two other reviews are more reserved. Both find the staging of the play to be excellent but have problems with the uneven script and direction: Adam Bruce in A Younger Theatre and Heather Cawte in YorkMix.

The BBC, meanwhile, on Radio 4 has broadcast, not a review, but an interview of the playwright, Bryony Lavery, who adapted the novel for the stage. This was transmitted yesterday on the program Front Row, presented by Samira Ahmed.  Ahmed begins by asking how Lavery dealt with the problem of the public perception that Castle Howard, where previous adaptations were filmed, was identified as the setting of the story. This  challenge was addressed, according to Lavery, by creating an “air stately home,” enlisting the imagination of the audience to do much of the work of recreating it on stage. She  describes in some detail how she managed this same problem of depicting the scenes in Venice on a bare stage, using the movements and body language of the cast members to create images in the minds of the audience.

When asked how she dealt with the need to “pare down” the story to fit into the time limits of a workable stage performance, Lavery explained that she used the cascading series of memories recalled by Charles Ryder to move from scene to scene. It required 5 drafts to reach a finished product. Finally, Ahmed asks why Lavery has used the practice of adaptation so frequently, given that she has also written successful original stories for stage productions. Lavery answers that the use of a book provides the opportunity to work with an “absolutely wonderful writer” such as Evelyn Waugh, take a plot and characters that are already fully worked out and then transpose them to the stage, allowing the scriptwriter to concentrate on theatrical elements.

The program is now available worldwide via the internet on BBC iPlayer.

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Brideshead Reviewed (More)

Several more reviews have been posted of the stage production of Brideshead Revisted. In the York Press, Charles Hutchinson finds much to like in the new theatre, the settings and the performances but also concludes that 

as Bryony Lavery’s two and a half-hour adaptation becomes more episodic, shedding its earlier abstract coat, it begins to drag like the 1982 television series once the Evelyn Waugh wit fades out and Rosie Hilal’s Julia comes to the fore. Like Mercutio, you rather miss the disgraceful Sebastian as the wounds deepen.

Dominic Maxwell’s review in The Times is behind a paywall and requires a subscription but does not begin well:

It’s hard to know which element is most intrusive in this whistle-stop tour of a great novel: Brideshead regurgitated. Is it the insistent insertion of Christopher Madin’s soupy soundtrack, all sensitive piano and la-di-da synthesized strings as it tries to force-feed us the grandeur and charm of Brideshead, the English country home at the heart of Evelyn Waugh’s 1945 masterpiece?

In What’s On Stage, Ron Simpson is also largely negative:

Evelyn Waugh’s novel is a problematic subject for stage adaptation, rather better suited to film perhaps with its louche behaviour in lush surroundings, though there its satirical edge and existential debate are likely to give way to the upper classes behaving badly with style. Bryony Lavery’s adaptation and Cruden’s direction firmly banish any Downton Abbey tendency, but Waugh’s unique mix of devotion and irony proves difficult to translate to the stage.

Comments by two bloggers are a bit more positive, especially about the theatre and the staging, but are overall mixed: British Theatre Guide and Kirkbymoorside  Town Blog

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Labels Reassessed

A multicultural, award-winning internet portal called Qantara.de has posted a new review (or reassessment) of Waugh’s 1930 travel book Labels: A Mediterranean Journey. This site is sponsored by several German cultural and political institutions, including the Goethe Institut and Deutsche Welle. The review is written by Sherif Abdel Samad from the point of view of a 21st century Egyptian. The reason given for circulating a new view of this old book is that it 

still offers a fresh testimony of a world unknown to readers except from the writings of Naguib Mahfouz. Without indulging in lengthy and descriptive passages, Waugh narrates his impressions of the many cities he visited – Haifa, Crete, Port Said and Cairo – in a fresh light tone. Notorious for his wit and politically incorrect statements, he neither shies away from mocking fellow travellers nor from making racist remarks about the locals.

…Waugh took immense pleasure in depicting the hotels and bars of Port Said, staffed by Sudanese and Berber servants, frequented by English commercial agents and partying Egyptian officials; listing venues where the food was great and the drinks pure, ridiculing Europeans turning up on Saturday evenings for dance festivities, all the while observing that those in British service ranked higher than any Egyptian. The expatriate English community lived an extremely secluded existence, indulging in amateur theatricals and dinner parties. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that Waugh′s endeavours to delve into Egyptian street and night-life met with baffled incredulity.

Samad says that Waugh contemplated writing a novel about Port Said but never followed through with the project. He continues through Waugh’s book with quotes and summaries, particularly of those portions dealing with Egypt, and concludes:

Waugh also displays a racist colonialist approach towards Muslims. ″Living as we are under the [impact of the] collective inferiority complex of the whole West, and humbled as we are by the many excellencies of Chinese, Indians, and even savages, we can still hold [up] our heads in the Mohammedan world with the certainty of superiority. It seems to me that there is no single aspect of Mohammedan art, history, scholarship, or social, religious, or political organisation, to which we, as Christians, cannot look with unshaken pride of race.″

Waugh was undoubtedly a product of his time, raised in a colonial atmosphere of racial and religious superiority. The impressions he gathers in his book fit the Orientalist mindset, without offering any deeper insights and yet, for all its shortcomings, ″Labels″ remains a fascinating read, presenting the vibrant intensity of Egyptian street life.

After Waugh’s general dismissal of the Mohammedan culture, he writes two pages of descriptive prose praising Arab architecture as an exception (Labels, London, 1974, pp. 111-12). That might have been worth a brief mention.  Perhaps Samad will follow up this project with a fresh look at Waugh’s views of Egypt in his novel Officers and Gentlemen where some scenes are set in wartime Cairo and Alexandria, as well as descriptions of Egypt in his later travel book A Tourist in Africa and his diaries and letters.

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Black Mischief in Sri Lanka

In this week’s “Midweek Review” column in the daily Sri Lankan English-language newspaper The Island, columnist Dr. Kamal Wickremasinghe compares what he describes as the neocolonialist policies of the current government of Sri Lanka with the comic plot of Waugh’s 1932 novel Black Mischief. In introducing Waugh to his readers, the columnist reminds them of an earlier, largely foregotten connection Waugh had with Sri Lankan (then Ceylonese) politics:

A brief digression to an encounter with our own S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike is further suggestive of Waugh’s early mediocrity: Waugh was one of the contestants Bandaranaike defeated at the Oxford Union elections in 1923. Bandaranaike later described their acquaintance in 1930: “I remember Evelyn Waugh as an undersized, red-faced, rather irresponsible youth. I would never have suspected that he had it in him to write the charming books he has produced”; Waugh’s own references to Bandaranaike in his autobiography, In A Little Learning (1964) suggests that the feelings of disdain have been mutual. Waugh wrote: “There were very few, if any, Negro undergraduates [at Oxford], but Asiatics abounded, and these were usually referred to as ‘black men’ whether they were pale Egyptians or dusky Tamils; […] certainly the only oriental whom I met, the Cingalese [sic] Bandaranaike, returned to Colombo fiercely anti-British. This sentiment did not save him from assassination by his fellow countrymen when he lost the protection of the British Crown.”

The columnist deletes several lines from Waugh’s statement in which he explained, inter alia, that there was “no rancour in the appellation” and no personal contempt or hostility were intended, although he conceded, “We may have caused offense.” (A Little Learning, London, 1964, p. 184). The article goes on to explain how Waugh used his writing skills to rise out of his undergraduate mediocrity to become one of the most successful writers of his generation. A plot summary of Black Mischief is then provided, leaving it to the paper’s readers to make the relevant connections to today’s political situation with which they would be intimately familiar. The column concludes:

Seth’s approach of never paying attention to detail and dealing only with the larger issues is dangerously ill-equipped to administer a land rife with corruption and torn by tribal feuds, conspiring colonial powers, and a polyglot population proves his undoing as the coup d’état attests.

The most interesting part of Waugh’s novel is the relationship between Emperor Seth and Basil Seal. Basil, who only came out to Azania because he had no means to make a living in London is enthusiastically embraced by Seth who was pining for a man of progress and culture he can trust. Seth’s modernisation efforts in the hands of a man like Basil Seal, a financially impoverished member of the British aristocracy never had any chance of success…

Waugh’s contempt is reserved for African leaders who slavishly imitate and often misinterpret European virtues at their peril. The situation is too close to home!…[Waugh’s] words: “For in that city [New York] there is neurosis in the air which the inhabitants mistake for energy” need to be quoted for the benefit of our political leaders.

No mention is made of Waugh’s 1962 preface to a new edition of Black Mischief

Thirty years ago it seemed an anachronism that any part of Africa should be independent of European administration. History has not followed what then seemed its natural course. 

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Brideshead Reviewed

The stage production of Brideshead Revisited that opened last week at York’s Theatre Royal has been reviewed in several media. The reviewers like the settings and production but largely express disappointment with the script and direction. Claire Allfree in today’s Daily Telegraph found that

for all the merits of Bryony Lavery’s adaptation of Waugh’s heavily scented hymn to vanished youth, in this new English Touring Theatre co-production the novel’s ineffable poetry remains tantalisingly just out of reach… Those first giddy, wine-soaked weeks and months [in Oxford] are beautifully conveyed, thanks in no small part to the dynamic between Brian Ferguson’s Charles, all stiff upper lip and buttoned up heart, and Christopher Simpson’s combustible Sebastian, a dangerous mix of puppyish charm and volcanic petulance. The homosexual nature of their relationship, such a delicately ambiguous thread within the novel, is here regrettably made explicit …If Sara Parks’s suggestive set design cleverly resembles the luscious ebb and flow of Waugh’s prose, Lavery’s text conversely often feels like a series of dramatic bullet points… Yet if the sort of characters Waugh was writing about have these days fallen deeply out of fashion, this adaptation is a powerful reminder that faith and money are no protection against the terrors of disillusionment.

Writing in the Yorkshire Post, Sarah Freeman comes to much the same conclusion. While the  production

has style in spades it sadly lacks substance…Bryony Lavery… is undoubtedly talented, but here the epic nature of Waugh’s novel seems to slip through her fingers…[The cast] can’t fully rescue a script which appears to give up exhausted, long before the two and a half hours are up…While this production has ambition, which has to be good news for the theatre’s future, it has none of [the novel’s] original subtlety. Leaving the auditorium one woman remarked to her friend, ‘Maybe you had to be Catholic to really get it’. Well I am and I didn’t.

Natasha Tripney in the theatrical trade journal The Stage raises similar issues:

Damian Cruden’s production lacks … confidence and skill…and never really pins down the spirit of the book… What we get… is a series of choppy scenes performed against a black backdrop…As if to compensate for the minimal staging, there are some very broad performances, lots of over-done stuttering and drunken weaving,..This being Brideshead, it’s not long before we’re wallowing in communion wine. Interestingly Lavery’s adaptation feels more sure-footed in these later scenes, when its grappling with ideas of grace and faith… The intricate web of attraction between the characters is hard to discern, their world impenetrable. You can’t revisit a place you’ve never been. 

Verdict
Choppy and frustrating page-to-stage adaptation of Waugh’s classic novel.

The article in The Stage is accompanied by a series of 26 photos taken from the performance. Finally, a blogger, Julian Cole in his weblog Man on a Ledge, also thought the staging was admirable and the performances strong but the script uneven. His bottom line: 

It is hard to believe that this production of Brideshead Revisited would have worked at all as well on the old stage, and York is certainly blessed with a splendid new/old theatre. Do go along: there is very much to savour here, and this theatre deserves our support.

 

 

 

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Waugh Lecture on Friendship with Nancy Mitford

Lancing College has posted a report on the annual Evelyn Waugh Lecture which was presented last week at the college by Selina Hastings:

 Selina’s subject for her talk was the literary and epistolary relationship between Waugh and his lifetime friend, Nancy Mitford. Evelyn Waugh was at Lancing between 1916 -1921; his final school report notes “His work has great merit and is sometimes really brilliant…he has quite unusual ability and a real gift for writing. We shall hear of him again.”

Over 150 guests from the Lancing family attended the special occasion, 100 years on from when Waugh first came to Lancing.

The lecture was followed by a wonderful dinner in the Dining Hall and concluded with a toast to the College and its loyal supporters from Sir Tim Rice, Chairman of the Foundation Council. 

Linked to the Lancing College website are several photos of the event, including one with Selina standing beside what looks like a copy of the bust commissioned by a Yugoslav artist during WWII. The original is in the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas.

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Brideshead People in Telegraph

Today’s Daily Telegraph contains a discussion (not quite a review) of the theatrical version of Brideshead Revisited that opened last week in York. This is in an article by Rupert Christiansen entitled: “What became of the real people who inspired Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited ?” He begins by focusing on the differences in the character of Sebastian as cast in the play and in the 1981 TV film:

Most striking – and probably controversial – will be the decision of [Damian Cruden, the play’s director] to cast Christopher Simpson as Sebastian. An olive-skinned 41-year-old of Irish-Greek-Rwandan descent best known for his role as Karim in the film adaptation of Monica Ali’s novel Brick Lane, Simpson would, on paper, be nobody’s obvious idea of this iconic character, but Cruden is delighted with his choice.”…First of all, I should say that Christopher is just a terrific actor, and he certainly doesn’t present himself like a standard 41-year-old. In fact, he’s got this Peter Pan quality that matches Sebastian’s personality perfectly. And remember the novel doesn’t only tell us about him as an undergraduate – when it ends, he must be well into his 40s.”

Christiansen goes on to note that many of the characters are sourced from people Waugh knew. As to the source of Sebastian Flyte, Chrstiansen firstly cites him to Hugh Lygon. But he goes a bit astray by asserting that Hugh Lygon carried a teddy bear around Oxford–that bit of Sebastian is usually assumed to have come from John Betjeman. Christiansen goes on to discuss:

… a closer source for Sebastian,…the poignant figure of Alastair Graham. The son of a baronet, fervently Catholic and under the spell of his widowed mother, he was considered as adorable as he was aimless and alcoholic (a pattern emerges here). In his reticent autobiography A Little Learning, Waugh describes him only in passing as “the friend of my heart”, under the pseudonym of Hamish Lennox.

…But what happened to Alastair Graham doesn’t echo Sebastian’s fate. After years of drifting round the Levant, he returned to England and ended his life in a village on the Welsh Borders. When the writer Duncan Fallowell tracked him down, he was a grumpy recluse, “in mortal fear of exposure”…He died in 1982, forgotten yet immortalised, and now to be reimagined once more on stage.

Alastair’s Catholicism was voluntary, since he converted in 1924, unlike Sebastian’s, who was born into that faith and had no choice in the matter. So, it seems unlikely that religion entered much, if at all, into Alastair’s selection as a character model.

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“Dinner Teresa at Quaglino’s”

Quaglino’s restaurant on Bury Street in St James’s, London, has been using Evelyn Waugh in its advertising copy for some time:

The Mountbattens patronised Quaglino’s, Evelyn Waugh came for lunch, and the smart set crowded into the bar hoping for a table. When the Prince of Wales (later, briefly, Edward VIII) took a liking to the place, the fame of John Quaglino’s restaurant was assured. 

Waugh’s patronage of the restaurant is borne out by his biographers and his own papers. Duncan McLaren says he had dinner there with Audrey Lucas in December 1930 (a year after it opened in 1929). Then in late 1932 he records two meals there in his diary: dinner with the Henry Yorke’s and later in the week with Teresa Jungman. He notes the menu of the latter: “caviare aux blinis, cold partridge, marrow on toast” (Diaries, pp. 355-56). Waugh’s latest biographer, Philip Eade, mentions this meal in recent excerpts from his book in the Daily Mail. See earlier post. The meal took place just before Waugh’s departure for British Guyana. Waugh also records in a letter to Diana Cooper meeting the restaurant’s owner on the Dover-Calais channel ferry in 1933 (Mr Wu and Mrs Stitch, p. 32).

Whether the current restaurant bears much resemblance to the one frequented by Waugh is difficult to say. It is located in the premises of the ballroom that was added in 1959 next door to the original restaurant. The Quaglino brothers had sold out after the war, but the restaurant survived through the 1960s. After a hiatus of several years, it was reopened by Terrence Conran in 1993 and eventually acquired by the present owners when Conran’s restaurant group was sold in 2007. The dinner menu still offers the caviar and blinis, but no partridge or marrow on toast. From the photos on the restaurant’s website, the decor looks a bit (if you’ll excuse the expression) cringe-making or, in more recent parlance, over the top.  Understated it’s not. 

On the other hand, a recent article in the Evening Standard suggests that Waugh would be impressed with this sort of restaurant decor:

Evelyn Waugh had a pet name for the luxuries of London life that he coveted — “marble halls”, meaning by this the grand hotel dining rooms of The Ritz and so forth. He would have appreciated Boyds Grill & Wine Bar, I think. For here, hidden away, despite being so central it is practically in Trafalgar Square, behind a hotel façade, is a beautiful room, with a soaring coffered ceiling, mighty chandeliers, marble on the walls, marble on the floor. It’s a treat in itself — yet almost secret somehow.

Waugh used the quoted phrase in a 1963 letter to Ann Fleming, jokingly advising her that if he were in London as frequently as she wrongly claimed, she “would be constantly plagued by invitations to marble halls” (Letters, p. 601).

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“BBC Future” Cites Waugh on Class Structure

On a recently established web site called BBC Future, one of their staff writers, David Robson, earlier this month posted an essay entitled “How much does social class matter in Britain today.” He concludes that it does still matter but to a different extent than formerly. In his essay, he has occasion to cite Evelyn Waugh’s 1955 “Open Letter to the Hon. Mrs. Peter Robb (Nancy Mitford) on a Very Serious Subject”: 

…writers have been ringing the death knell for the British class system since at least the early 20th Century. Writing an open letter to his friend Nancy Mitford, Evelyn Waugh claimed that “the vast and elaborate structure grew up almost in secret. Now it shows alarming signs of dilapidation.” His own novel Brideshead Revisited is itself an homage to the English nobility, which seemed to be crumbling along with the titular stately home.
But although the structure of the class system may have changed since Waugh’s day, there are still very clear strata in our society, each with different levels of social, cultural and economic capital. Considering factors like education, salary, professions, and household ownership, the BBC’s own Great British Class Survey discovered seven distinct classes in total, with an elite (representing roughly 6% of the population) residing above a wide spectrum of working and middle classes.

The quote comes from near the beginning of Waugh’s “Open Letter” that appeared first in Encounter magazine (December 1955). It was later reprinted in the 1956 collection of essays edited by Nancy Mitford and entitled Noblesse Oblige and is also included in Waugh’s collected Essays, Articles and Reviews (p. 494).

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