Henry Green’s Dead White Goose

The New York Review of Books’ revival of the works of Henry Green is nearing its completion later this month. They will publish Nothing and Doting next week followed by the reissuance of Concluding by New Directions on 31 October. The introduction to the NYRB’s Doting is published in a recent issue of the The Paris Review. This is by Michael Gorra who teaches English at Smith College. He opens and closes his essay with consideration of the differences between Green’s works and those of his contemporaries Evelyn Waugh and Graham Greene:

Evelyn Waugh could push a joke to the outer edge of our ability to bear it, stopping just when laughter turns to tears, and he’s had his imitators for the better part of a century now. So has Graham Greene, who blanched despair into a weary disillusionment; the contemporary thriller is inconceivable without him. Each of them added to the novelist’s grab bag of tricks. Their contemporary Henry Green didn’t quite manage that.

What Green did manage according to Gorra was to write nine original and innovative novels, each different from the others, until he dried up (or rather was unable to dry out) in the 1950s. Gorra concludes his essay with this observation:

I began by invoking Evelyn Waugh and Graham Greene, contemporaries whose careers were in every objective sense more successful, and whose books remain far more readable. But are they as rereadable? When I go back to them now they rarely have anything new to say, nothing more than I saw at first; I turn their pages with pleasure and yet the pleasure is that of repetition, the resumption of the familiar. The menu never changes. Henry Green seems in contrast always different, and never what he was. The emphasis alters, and some parts of his work remain forever odd, anomalous and even disturbing. On Doting’s first page, he writes that Peter would “several weeks later … carry a white goose under one arm, its dead beak almost trailing the platform, to catch the last train back to yet another term.” That goose isn’t mentioned again. I don’t really want to know what the boy plans to do with it, or even how he got it, but I would like to know why Green put it there. I never will, and among the many reasons for reading this difficult genius is the way he keeps his secrets still.

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Eade Biography Reviewed in LGBT Press

A review of Philip Eade’s biography appears this week in conjunction with the publication of its paperback edition in the US. This is written by Lewis Whittington and is published by the Edge Media Network which serves the LGBT community. The reviewer is somewhat disappointed in Eade’s treatment of Waugh’s homosexuality:

For GLBTQ readers the primary interest will not only be Waugh’s gay relationships at Oxford, but the backdrop of sexually repressive England, where homosexuality was still a crime, yet gay subcultures were an open secret among the aristocracy. Waugh grew up in an aristocratic [sic] British family. … He was attracted to girls his age as a teenager, but his most intense emotional attachments were with boys…. The bulk of “A Life Revisited” centers around his relationship with his family, his heterosexual relationships, and his marriages. It disappoints that, on balance, Eade seems to gloss over Waugh’s serious relationships with men, particularly Richard Pares and Alastair Graham, who just fade from the pages without any narrative closure.

It’s hard to know where the reviewer gets the impression from Eade’s book that Waugh was from an “aristocratic British family” although he doesn’t attempt to make much of a point about it. The amount of Eade’s copy devoted to Waugh’s homosexual affairs is probably in a fair proportion to the amount of his lifetime they occupied. He certainly doesn’t avoid the issue; rather, he doesn’t dwell upon it as the reviewer seems to prefer. A previous  review in the LGBT press (noted in an earlier post) offers a more detailed and balanced view of Eade’s coverage of Waugh’s homosexuality.

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Another Lygon and More Bridesheads

The Daily Mail has an article about a recently pubished diary kept by two early women undergraduates at St Hugh’s College, Oxford: Dorothy Hammonds and Margaret Mowll. Their diary starts in 1905 and describes the restricted lives of the Oxford women students of that period; they could not venture outside the college after dark even to university sponsored activities without proper chapersones. So far as romantic interests in male counterparts are concerned, these were largely confined to the pages of their diary. One student in particular caught both their fancies:

,,,the greatest object of their desire appears to have been the undergraduate they christened ‘the Pride of all the Beauchamps’ — the Hon Henry Lygon of Magdalen College, the younger brother of Earl Beauchamp who was said to be Evelyn Waugh’s model for Lord Marchmain in Brideshead Revisited. A coloured ink sketch made in the diary by Dorothy shows a golden-haired, handsome and debonair young man cycling with a pile of books under his arm.  November 21, 1905 was clearly a day of great excitement for both the girls.  ‘This is indeed a day of days, MKM has actually seen Face to Face the Pride of all the Beauchamps. This is the first time he has been seen accidentally in the flesh — Thus the need of capital letters.’ In December it was Dorothy’s turn: ‘DMH has astounding luck, the Pride of the Beauchamps again crossed her path, looking, she is sorry to say, horsey and common but nevertheless charming.’

The Mail’s reviewer, Barbara Davies, misses the opportunity to compare Henry Lygon to his nephew Hugh who, a generation later, attracted the romantic attentions of Evelyn Waugh and contributed to the character of Sebastian Flyte in Waugh’s novel. The diary is published by St Hugh’s College, Oxford, and is entitled Dare Unchaperoned to Gaze and is available here.

Other Brideshead news is related to drama. The student paper of the University of Louisiana, Lafayette (The Vermillion) reports the student production of Tom Stoppard’s 1993 play Arcadia. This connection to Waugh’s novel is included in an article about a preview of the play:

The name is taken from “Et in Arcadia ego” (“Even in Arcadia, there am I”), the 17th century painting by French Baroque artist Nicolas Poussin, and refers to the presence of death even in a utopia. It also doubles as a reference (intentional or not) to Evelyn Waugh’s “Brideshead Revisited,” in which Charles Ryder has a human skull bearing the inscription on its forehead. In “Brideshead,” this is a crucial part of the mise-en-scène: embodying (sans the body) the image of a futile search for paradise and serving as a reminder of the imminence of death and the same themes apply to Stoppard’s work.

Finally, an entertainment news publication in Adelaide, South Australia, reports the production of a stage adaptation of Brideshead. This is not the version by Bryony Lavery staged last year in England but an earlier adaptation by Roger Parsley. The production is being performed by Adelaide’s Independent Theatre, which recently staged an adaptation of The Great Gatsby. It is scheduled to open on 17 November at the Goodwood Theatre.

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Paperback of Eade Biography Issued in USA

Picador USA has announced the publication of the paperback edition of Philip Eade’s biography in the USA. The book, entitled Evelyn Waugh: A Life Revisited, was first published in the USA last year by Henry Holt. Both publishers are subsidiaries of Macmillan USA. The hardback edition was widely reviewed, including a review by your correspondent in Evelyn Waugh Studies 47.2 (Autumn 2016). The paperback edition is listed at $22.00 and is available on Amazon.com for $14.95. A Kindle e-book is also available for $9.99.

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Brideshead Film Emerges in Weinstein Scandal

In wake of the sexual harassment scandal involving US filmmaker Harvey Weinstein, the New York Post has reported an incident arising from the production of the 2008 film adaptation of Brideshead Revisited. In 2007, Weinstein visited the production on location in North Yorkshire while he was negotiating the North American distribution rights for his company, then called Miramax. Those negotiations were ultimately successful. It was on the set that the sexual harassment is said to have occurred after he encountered actress Hayley Atwell:

During a break in the filming, the brash Hollywood powerbroker…walked over to Hayley Atwell, a then-24-year-old British-American actress who was playing Julia Flyte in the movie. Weinstein started flirting with the actress, who was clearly nervous, starring in one of her first major roles. At lunch, Weinstein sat with the cast and crew, and told Atwell to watch what she was eating, explaining that he had just come from watching that morning’s filming and he didn’t like what he saw, a film-industry source told The Post “You look like a fat pig on screen,” said Weinstein, who had just come from watching the dailies. “Stop eating so much.”

When Atwell told her Oscar-winning co-star Emma Thompson that the Miramax head ordered her to go on a diet, Thompson flipped. She took Weinstein aside and threatened to quit if he forced Atwell or any other woman on set to go on a diet. “Emma called Harvey out for being a misogynist and a bully and really gave him a hard time,” the source said. Weinstein backed down.

Thompson, who was playing Lady Marchmain, had discussed this same incident in an interview reported earlier this year, without naming the principals. See earlier post.

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Three Generations of Waughs in The Oldie

Various Waughs (and their associates) are scattered throughout the pages of this month’s issue of The Oldie. The leading feature article by Alan Thomas is about the Bright Young People and opens with a reference to Waugh’s novel Vile Bodies:

The Bright Young People – renamed Bright Young Things in the 2003 film version of Evelyn Waugh’s 1930 novel, Vile Bodies – first came to prominence thanks to a speeding offence. On 21st May 1924, the Honourable Lois Sturt, the actress daughter of Lord Alington, was caught speeding around the Outer Circle of Regent’s Park during a motorised treasure hunt. The 23-year-old lover of Reggie Pembroke (aka the Earl of Pembroke), Lois shot through a police control point at 51mph. When signalled to stop, she reduced speed slightly but then roared off again. The police caught up with her at London Zoo at the end of the race – in which she won third prize – and charged her with dangerous driving and failing to stop at the request of a police constable.

The remainder of that article is behind a paywall but Waugh may reappear in later sections.

Evelyn Waugh’s biographer Selina Hastings reviews the biography of his friend Anthony Powell by Hilary Spurling.  The review consists mostly of a summary of Powell’s life which suffers from several oversimplicifications.  For example, it suggests that Waugh met Powell while they were both studying at the Holborn Polytechnic after coming down from Oxford.  As Waugh’s biographer, Hastings would know that they both met as undergraduates at Oxford in the Hypocrites Club (Hastings, Evelyn Waugh: A Biography, pp. 91 ff.), and Powell mentions being invited to “offal dinners” in Waugh’s rooms at Hertford College.  They reconnected in London shortly after AP started work at Duckworth’s and later met by chance at the Polytechnic where each had signed up for a course without telling the other. Hastings also describes how Powell’s life was affected by another Waugh, Evelyn’s son Auberon:

[Powell’s] journalistic positions ended explosively: Tony was sacked by Punch, and he left the Telegraph in a rage after reading in the book pages a derisory review of his work by Auberon Waugh.

In this same issue, another of Evelyn Waugh’s biographers, Michael Barber (Brief Lives: Evelyn Waugh (2013)), reviews John Le CarrĂŠ’s latest George Smiley novel and the editor of his letters Mark Amory reviews a book about Edward Lear. Finally one of his grandchildren, Sophia Waugh (daughter of Auberon), is listed as a regular contributor to the magazine.

UPDATE (7 October 2017): While it’s not in The Oldie, it has been reported that Nicholas Shakespeare, who wrote and directed  the three-part BBC Arena series on Evelyn Waugh, has reviewed the Powell biography in the Daily Telegraph. Powell was interviewed in two of the episodes.

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London in the Slump

A new book has been published about London in the 1930s. This is entitled Playboys and Mayfair Men and is written by Angus McLaren, Professor Emeritus at University of Victoria. The book focuses on a sensational jewel robbery at the Hyde Park Hotel, one of Waugh’s favorite London venues. Here’s a excerpt from the description of its contents on Project Muse:

In Playboys and Mayfair Men, Angus McLaren recounts the violent robbery and sensational trial that followed. He uses the case as a hook to draw the reader into a revelatory exploration of key interwar social issues from masculinity and cultural decadence to broader anxieties about moral decay. In his gripping depiction of Mayfair’s celebrity high life, McLaren describes the crime in detail, as well as the police investigation, the suspects, their trial, and the aftermath of their convictions. He also• examines the origins and cultural meanings of the playboy—the male 1930s equivalent of the 1920s flapper; • includes in his cast of characters such well-known figures as Noël Coward, Evelyn Waugh, the Churchills, Robert Graves, Oswald Mosley, and Edward VIII; and• convincingly links disparate issues such as divorce reform, corporal punishment, effeminacy, and fascism.

In another article, the 1930s practice of basing book titles on previous literary works is considered. This appears in the Shelter Island (NY) Reporter. The most prominent of these are The Grapes of Wrath, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Sound and the Fury. But the article also lists other notable examples including this one:

— “A Handful of Dust:” A book by Evelyn Waugh usually grouped with the early satires that established his reputation as the best comic novelist of his era. But this novel has dark undertones and its unexpected resolution is downright sinister. Waugh foreshadowed the shift in mood when he chose for his title a T.S. Eliot line from “The Wasteland:” “I will show you fear in a handful of dust.”

There are a few more recent examples such as Joan Didion’s Slouching Toward Jerusalem but the practice seems to have flourished during Waugh’s most prolific period.

Finally, in a booksblog called Bookriot, blogger Clay Andres referred to Donald Trump’s multiple references in a speech at the United Nations to a nonexistent African country he called “Nambia” (perhaps conflating Namibia and Zambia). Andres is inspired to look for other examples of fictional (or as Trump might put it “fake”) countries on that continent. There is no shortage and among them are these:

Nowhere is this trend more apparent than literature, where authors and artists have been using made-up, “Africanish” names to as a way to describe some distant, unknowable place rather than referring to a real countries with real, distinct histories. Famous English novelist Evelyn Waugh did this a number of times, creating the countries of Ishmaella [sic] and Azania for his classic works Scoop and Black Mischief, respectively.

Well, not exactly. The fake country in Scoop was “Ishmaelia” so Donald Trump isn’t the only one challenged by African names.

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Waugh and the Magnet

Blogger George Simmers has recently posted on his weblog Great War Fiction a report of his visit to an exhibit of volumes from Philip Larkin’s personal library. This was at the University of Hull where Larkin served at the Librarian. In addition to the expected examples of works by Larkin’s contemporaries, he was impressed to find a substantial collection of issues of the Magnet, a schoolboy magazine. This was the journal “in which ‘Frank Richards’ each week delivered new instalments of the exploits of Harry Wharton, Billy Bunter and co. at Greyfriars School.” The blogger also found Waugh’s works well-represented in Larkin’s personal library and was inspired to make this connection:

If ever I write another thesis it will be on the influence of Frank Richards on later twentieth century literature. The prime exhibit will be Evelyn Waugh (who is also well represented on Larkin’s bookshelves.) Waugh was a keen reader of the Magnet while at school (an illicit reader, but all the keener for being illicit); the bold caricaturist style of his satire shows the influence of Richards, I’d say – though he went further, and in Llanabba created a school even more gloriously bizarre than Greyfriars.

The Larkin exhibit closed on 1 October.

In another reference to Waugh’s schooldays, Lancing College has posted a photograph and description of the house he lived in as a student. This is called “Head’s” and is described in the website:

With space for seventy-five day boys, Head’s is the largest House in the school. First occupied in 1857 as the Headmaster’s boarding House, it has since been converted into generous accommodation for the day boys at Lancing.

Waugh’s residency is also briefly noted under the history of the house:

The novelist Evelyn Waugh wrote about his experience as a boy in Head’s in the early 1920s. Other well-known alumni of the House include the tenor Sir Peter Pears, the historian Sir Roger Fulford, the artist Frederick Gore, the Arctic explorer Gino Watkins, Judge Peter Birts and the footballer Andrew Frampton.

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Waugh in the World

In the current issue of the Italian-language Roman Catholic website Radio Spada, Luca Fumagalli has written an article briefly summarizing what looks like all of Waugh’s novels. The article is in Italian and its title is translated “Teddy Bears, Rosaries, and Wine Stains: A Short Journey through the Novels of Evelyn Waugh”.

In the Indian newspaper The Hindu, there is a review of a new novel set in the 2011 political turmoil in Egypt. The novel is entitled The City Always Wins and is written by Omar Robert Hamilton. One of its themes is the lack of support for the 2011 Egyptian revolution in the countryside. The reviewer (Tabish Khair) describes some of the supporters of the revolution in the novel as “pathos liberals” and cites Evelyn Waugh’s story “The Man who Liked Dickens”:

Mine is not the sort of swooning compliment showered in liberal and leftist circles on this moving novel, but it is not a dismissal either. After all, one of my favourite authors — Charles Dickens … — belongs solidly to the tradition of ‘pathos liberalism.’ But let’s face it: the man who liked Dickens, to refer to the title and agenda of Evelyn Waugh’s savagely satirical story, is no longer just a man or just confined to the Amazonian forests. I will return to this…[T]he aim of this book is impassioned reportage rather than critical insight — which makes it a novel destined to appeal to both the pathos liberalism and the pathos leftism of literary circles in London and New York. But Hamilton cannot be faulted for that, can he? Surely, just as Dickens could not be faulted for the reader in Waugh’s story, the man who liked the pathos of Dickens from his safe, self-centred and (finally) complicit isolation?

For a better understanding of what the reviewer means by “pathos” liberalism and leftism, one needs to read the full review which is available here. Waugh’s story was adopted as the conclusion of his novel A Handful of Dust.

Finally, from another part of Africa comes a opinion article in the New York Times Sunday Review section reporting that the Latin Mass, which Waugh championed in the wake of Vatican II reforms, is alive and well in remoter parts of Nigeria. The article by Matthew Schmitz, editor of the nondenominational religious journal First Things, recounts the history of the unsuccessful attempts to introduce the vernacular Mass among Nigerian tribesman and brings it up to date with the reintroduction of the Latin Mass in more recent years. He cites Evelyn Waugh on this issue:

Evelyn Waugh, a Catholic, realized that these external changes [from Latin to the vernacular] were connected with essential matters. “More than the aesthetic changes which rob the church of poetry, mystery and dignity,” he wrote, “there are suggested changes in faith and morals which alarm me.”

Schmitz concludes with a reference to Waugh’s 1930s story “Out Of Depth” in which Waugh, in a Rip van Winkle episode, saw the Africans as the saviors of the Roman Catholic church in a future London where they had colonized the enfeebled white race:

When the Latin Mass was suppressed at the end of Waugh’s life, his youthful vision of it being said forever looked like folly. If it seems likelier today, it is due in part to people like Bishop Ochiagha and the worshipers here who have preserved an inheritance rejected by others. Against all odds, the body of Christ remains “a shape in chaos,” marked but unbroken by the passing of time.

The story, which was quoted by Schmitz in a recent post, is included in Waugh’s Complete Stories.

UPDATE: In the above posting, the description of the journal First Things was edited.

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New Edward St Aubyn Novel Published

A new novel by  Edward St Aubyn (well known in this parish) has been published in both the UK and USA. This is Dunbar and is a reimagining of Macbeth in the Hogarth Shakespeare series. This involves leading writers such as Margaret Atwood, Jeanette Winterston and Howard Jacobson rewriting Shakespeare’s plays as novels. Here’s the introduction from a review in Maclean’s magazine in Canada (which also ties his works back to Evelyn Waugh):

The Hogarth Shakespeare project… has been beyond sharp in its pairings so far. But none is as inspired as turning loose Edward St. Aubyn, chronicler of upper-class British depravity, on King Lear. St. Aubyn, 57, has written five novels about the Melroses, a fictionalized version of his own wealthy family, openly portraying how he was raped repeatedly by his father between the ages of five and eight, his ineffectual mother, his prodigious youthful drug abuse and suicide attempts. What makes the novels art is not the horrific origin story, though, but their meld of suffering and corrosive social comedy—nightmares filtered through an Evelyn Waugh lens. And whether it’s personal history or Shakespeare’s dramatic power that form the root of his literary obsession, critics have noted that St. Aubyn often references Lear in his work and conversation.

This is a particularly active period in literary publishing, with the new biography of Anthony Powell and new novels by Alan Hollinghurst as well as St Aubyn. There is another review of the Powell biography in the Observer which emphasizes the influences of Powell, Waugh, Greene and Orwell on each other:

Tony Powell was born in 1905, part of a brilliant generation that included Eric Blair, AKA George Orwell (1903), Evelyn Waugh (1903), Malcolm Muggeridge (1903) and Graham Greene (1904). Among these headstrong Edwardian boys, inside-outsiders all, Powell, who outlived them, is the least colourful and the most English: phlegmatically reserved, aloof and nonconformist. He was, in the heyday of his 12-volume masterpiece A Dance to the Music of Time, very much a a contender, but has now been eclipsed. In posterity’s cruel audit, A Dance lingers as a curiosity in secondhand bookshops, while its author is almost as neglected, outshone by Orwell, Waugh et al. Hilary Spurling’s authorised biography arrives in the nick of time to remind us of her subject’s quiet genius. Addressing Powell’s “work, life and loves”, hers is the first full-scale life. It must also, perforce, grapple with what we might call the Powell Problem. Powell’s milieu has come to seem dated, its texture threadbare and its colours faded. He is not a moralist like Orwell, nor a great satirist like Waugh. He lacks Greene’s Manichean ferocity. He is, perhaps, too true to himself to be in the company of those big beasts

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