Guardian Reports on “The War Aganst the Pope”

The Guardian has today published what it describes a “Long Read” entitled “The War Against the Pope.” This is by Andrew Brown and describes the opposition to some of the new Pope’s interpretations of Roman Catholic doctrine, especially relating to sex and the family. Inevitably it seeems, in an article of this length about this topic, the question of the Vatican II reforms of the 1960s comes up and, with it, the opposition of Evelyn Waugh to some of those reforms, especially those relating to the liturgy:

The [Vatican II] council renounced antisemitism, embraced democracy, proclaimed universal human rights and largely abolished the Latin Mass. That last act, in particular, stunned the introverts. The author Evelyn Waugh, for example, never once went to an English Mass after the decision. For men like him, the solemn rituals of a service performed by a priest with his back to the congregation, speaking entirely in Latin, facing God on the altar, were the very heart of the church – a window into eternity enacted at every performance. The ritual had been central to the church in one form or another since its foundation.

The symbolic change brought about by the new liturgy – replacing the introverted priest facing God at the altar with the extroverted figure facing his congregation – was immense. Some conservatives still have not reconciled themselves to the reorientation…The current crisis, in the words of the English Catholic journalist Margaret Hebblethwaite – a passionate partisan of Francis – is nothing less than “Vatican II coming back again”.

It seems unlikely that Waugh was able to avoid ever even once having participated in an English Mass after the Vatican II reforms were adopted, given their widespread application in England, but I suppose that is possible. He certainly avoided English languages services whenever there was a Latin alternative available. See, e.g.. letter dated 15 April 1965 to Msgr. McReavy asking the scope of his obligation to attend Mass on appointed days (Letters, p. 630).

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Pappenhacker Awards in The Australian

The Murdoch organization’s Antipodean news outlet, The Australian, reports awards to journalists based on a Waugh character, a foreign correspondent named Pappenhacker from Scoop. This is explained in the paper’s column “Media Watch Dog” by Gerard Henderson, starting with a quote from the novel (Penguin Classics, 2011, p. 41):

“…[Pappenhacker is] always [rude] to waiters. You see he’s a communist. Most of the staff at [his paper] the Twopence are – they’re University men, you see. Pappenhacker says that every time you are polite to a proletarian you are helping bolster up the capitalist system. He’s very clever of course, but he gets rather unpopular.”

Henderson describes this as “Sandalista Snobbery” and mentions two recent awards in that category. The first is to a reporter, Richard Cooke (apparently left-wing), who dismisses a more conservative colleague Nick Cater (writing for a Murdoch paper) as a former laundry truck driver. Cooke writes: “In [the Murdoch paper’s] world, Nick Cater counts as a formidable intellectual import, and he’s a former laundry van driver who cut his teeth at the University of Exeter sociology department…” To which Henderson responds:

So, there you have it….  Cooke…looks down on laundry van drivers. Especially Nick Cater, who after graduating from the University of Exeter, drove trucks … and replaced roller towels in bathrooms and the like. Most MWD readers [?] would regard such activity as a valuable contribution to the health of society. But snob Cooke looks down on such employment since he appears to hold truck drivers in contempt.

Another award is issued to a reporter (Jim Stanford), described as a leftist, who concludes a discussion of the growth in Australian demand for personal instructors with this comment: ” … a lot of people in society … are desperate for work and willing to undertake that type of employment.” Henderson concludes his article with this:

So, there you have it. Jim “Pappenhacker” Stanford looks down not only on fitness instructors and beauty therapists – but also on the maids and butlers and chauffeurs of earlier generations. Snob Stanford reckons that a leftist employee at the leftist Australia Institute … happens to be engaged in useful work. However, according to your man Stanford, the likes of therapists, fitness instructors, maids, butlers and chauffeurs are just a waste of space.

Another story in The Australian cites Scoop in assessing the symbiosis between today’s social media and politics.

And in another Murdoch paper (The Times) Alex Massie likens Nicola Sturgeon’s comparative estimates of Scotland and its neighboring states to Mr Levy’s rankings of public schools in Waugh’s Decline and Fall: Leading Country, First-rate Country, Good Country and Country. You will need a subscription to see where the constituent parts of Great Britain will rank.

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Downside Abbey Features in New BBC Series

BBC 4 yesterday transmitted the first in a series called Retreat: Meditations from a Monastery. The subject of this first episode was Downside Abbey:

The first film is set in Downside, a spectacular neo-gothic monastery set in the beautiful valleys of Somerset. It is home to fourteen Benedictine monks who live according to the 6th-century Rule of St Benedict. We follow two of the monks over the course of a typical, quiet monastic day, as they engage with carpentry and baking, religious services and moments of private prayer in the monastery gardens.

There was no organized audio narrative or interviews. The program relied on its visual images to tell the story and was edited in a way that made this work quite effectively.

There was no mention of Evelyn Waugh or his association with the Abbey and its residents. He attended numerous retreats and services at the Abbey and formed a friendship with Dom Hubert Van Zeller, one of its residents. Van Zeller was also confessor and confidant of Ronald Knox, who spent his final years in nearby Mells. Nor was the adjacent school, also called Downside, mentioned. Waugh sent his son Auberon there, and that was the occasion for additional visits. The school also recently hosted a conference of the Evelyn Waugh Society. The school buildings and grounds are visible in several exterior scenes of the film.

The program is available to watch on the internet via BBC iPlayer. A UK internet connection is required.

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Waugh Among Times’ Great Letter Writers

A letter from Evelyn Waugh to the editors of The Times newspaper is included in a recently published collection entitled The Times’ Great Letters. The book is described in an article in today’s edition of the paper written by its current letters editor Andrew Riley. It also includes letters from Waugh’s contemporaries Agatha Christie, Benito Mussolini, PG Wodehouse and Arthur Conan Doyle. Here’s the letter from Waugh, which is also reproduced in the article:

INDEXES
October 16, 1961
Sir, You say in your leading article today, “No one has ever suggested that novels should have indexes.” I possess a translation of Tolstoy’s Resurrection, published by Messrs Grosset and Dunlap of New York and “illustrated from the photoplay produced by Inspiration Pictures Inc”, which has a particularly felicitous index. The first entry is: “Adultery, 13, 53, 68, 70”; the last is “Why do people punish? 358.” Between them occurs such items as: Cannibalism, Dogs, Good breeding, Justification of one’s position, Seduction, Smoking, Spies, and Vegetarianism. I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
EVELYN WAUGH

This letter is also included in the Mark Amory collection along with five others to the paper (if you include TLS). In the Amory edition, the letter is dated 13 October 1961 whereas in the paper it was apparently dated 16 October which may have been the date it appeared in print.

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Interview at Castle Howard

The Sunday Times published an interview earlier this month of Victoria Howard. She is described as the new chatelaine of Castle Howard in North Yorkshire where both the TV and cinema versions of Brideshead Revisited were filmed. She refuses to be drawn on questions by interviewer Eleanor Doughty on the forcible eviction of the family of her husband’s younger brother a few years ago, citing a legal non-disclosure agreement. She is more interested in discussing the expense of the upkeep on the estate and its constant need for repairs:

The list of “to dos” is alarmingly long: the mausoleum requires urgent restoration and the roof of the dome needs to be replaced. The Temple of the Four Winds was last restored in the 1950s, so it is due a makeover soon. To fund the works, she is considering putting on a contemporary art exhibition or a literary festival — after all, she should have great contacts, and the Evelyn Waugh connection could be exploited further. The couple are both fans of classical music and would like to increase their roster of concerts.

She must mean the “Brideshead Revisited” connection, since Waugh himself had little connection with the estate, having visited there only once (so far as we know) in the 1930s as a day tripper and having had no known connection with the family who live there. Still, one can look forward to seeing what sort of art exhibition or literary festival can be conjured up from that connection.

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Campion Hall Takes Part in Complete Works Edition

The October issue of Campion News, the newsletter of Campion Hall, Oxford, has announced its participation in the OUP’s Complete Works of Waugh project:

The recognised authority on Edmund Campion, Professor Gerard Kilroy, Senior Research Fellow at the Hall, is co-editing a new edition of Evelyn Waugh’s Edmund Campion. This was first published in 1935 with the express purpose of responding to the appeal for the funding of the newly-built Campion Hall which had been launched by Fr Martin D’Arcy S.J, its Master at the time.

This new authoritative edition bids fair to provide a fascinating study of the immense influence that the celebrated Jesuit had in Waugh’s life (and, indeed, of those in his circle). It will also recognise the massive contribution accruing to Campion Hall from the royalties from the many editions of Waugh’s book. This new edition will constitute one of the approximately forty-five volumes of the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh to be published by OUP, and its royalties will also come to the Hall.

Edmund Campion will be volume 17 of the Complete Works, and the other co-editor is Thomas McCoog. There is no estimated publication date yet given for this volume on the CWW website.

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Alan Hollinghurst and Ambrose Silk

Esquire magazine recently interviewed novelist Alan Hollinghurst and among the questions asked was which authors had most influenced him. An excerpt from the interview and a printed list of the books he mentioned are posted on the internet. (See this link,)  Among those he identified, he first discusses JRR Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings which he read 6 times as a boy but cannot read at all today. Evelyn Waugh’s Put Out More Flags is number 7 and when asked about why he included it, he chose simply to read a passage. This is a description of Ambrose Silk’s settling in an obscure country inn in Ireland after absconding there from the police in London toward the end of the novel. It appears in Chapter 3 (“Spring”), Part 5, Penguin, p. 204, beginning “Here Ambrose settled…”  This is a reminder of just how well written and consistently funny that book is and how persistently it has been neglected in favor of Waugh’s more popular novels. It deserves more attention that it gets.

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Waugh’s Visit to May Morris

The recent discovery of the journals of May Morris, daughter of the more famous William, has inspired an exhibit devoted to her life and works. The journals reportedly reveal that she was responsible for many of the creative designs that were attributed to her father. After her parents’ deaths she moved permanently into their house in the Cotswolds called Kelmscott Manor. In newspaper reports of the journals and exhibit, much attention has been drawn to a visit by Evelyn Waugh and Alastair Graham to Kelmscott Manor. These reports are carried in both The Times and the Daily Mail. This is from the Mail:

Much of [May Morris’s] later years were spent in the company of Mary Lobb, a former World War Land Girl whom the writer Evelyn Waugh dubbed a hermaphrodite. The pair took up camping when May was 60, and fulfilled her lifelong ambition to visit Iceland, for which she packed Horlicks and 11 pounds of bacon. May died aged 76 and her death was followed a few weeks later by her ‘heartbroken’ close friend.

Waugh’s visit took place in October 1927, apparently while he was doing research for his biography of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (published in 1928) who had a strong association with William Morris and the house. Waugh was staying with Alastair at nearby Barford House at the time. The report on his visit that has drawn the attention of the press is from his Diary for 6 October 1927. May Morris seems to have been present during the visit:

…Miss Morris, a singularly forbidding woman–very awkward and disagreeable dressed in a slipshod ramshackle way in hand-woven stuffs. A hermaphrodite lives with her…I had imagined it all so spacious–perhaps it is because it lacks [William] Morris and has that extraordinary woman and her hermaphrodite.

There is a photo of both May Morris and Mary Lobb accompanying the story in The Times. The exhibition May Morris: Art and Life is at the William Morris Gallery in Walthamstow until 28 January 2018.

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The Waughs and the Leigh Fermors

Two recent books about Patrick Leigh Fermor (Paddy) and his wife Joan include material about their interactions with Evelyn Waugh, his wife Laura, and their mutual friends:

The first is Joan: The Remarkable Life of Joan Leigh Fermor by Simon Fenwick. Evelyn Waugh is mentioned several times in this biography in two ways. Firstly as having described the Bright Young Things in his novel Vile Bodies (1930) many of whom were friends of Joan Eyres Monsell (1912 – 2003), the beautiful wife of Patrick Leigh Fermor, before the Second World War. Waugh is said to have been at the London parties of her older gay brother, Graham whose circle included Oxford undergraduates around Maurice Bowra, some of Waugh’s friends and others who they knew in common including Tom Driberg, Patrick Kinross, Alan Pryce-Jones, Cyril Connolly, John Betjeman, John Sparrow and Harold Acton.

In August 1944 Waugh stayed with John Rayner, Joan’s first husband, in his Rome apartment, while recovering from the injury after the airplane crash in Croatia a month before. Waugh wrote in his diary that he hardly knew him but recorded that they usually had dinner together at the ‘charming flat, 5 Via Gregoriana’ and the author quotes from Waugh’s diary entry of 22 August 1944. Further on, Joan wrote about Waugh in a letter to Paddy, with whom she started a romance after the war. Waugh was at the supper party given by Anne Fleming together with other celebrities:”
Evelyn Waugh who I talked to most of the time, mostly about the time he went mad & all his voices – fascinating.” However, it seems probable that Waugh did not appreciate Joan quite as much. Fenwick writes that in a letter to Diana Cooper from Greece where Paddy and Joan lived, Waugh referred to them as the “Nicotine maniac and his girl”.

The second is Dashing to the Post: The Letters of Patrick Leigh Fermor, which has recently been issued in paperback. There are no letters in the collection (edited by Adam Sisman) to Waugh although they knew each other through mutual friendships with Diana Cooper, Nancy Mitford and Ann Fleming. In a 1973 letter to Nancy Mitford (pp. 292-93) Paddy mentions meeting Laura Waugh and her sister Bridget Grant who were travelling in Greece. Paddy voiced his disappointment in the “inadequacy and indiscretion” in the published version of Evelyn Waugh’s diaries, particularly the “idiotic” brief biography of Mark Ogilvie-Grant. This appears in an appendix (p. 799) and is apparently written by the editor Michael Davie. Adam Sisman comments that it is not obvious why Leigh Fermor was upset by it although his concern may relate to some inaccuracy in its description of Ogilvie-Grant’s work in Athens after the war. Paddy records Laura’s response:

Laura agrees, saying it was all the fault of Peters, E Waugh’s agent, who had the complete rights. She hadn’t even read most of it. It all sounds very rum to me and a bit wet.

In a subsequent letter to Diana Cooper in 1980 (p, 338), Paddy says he was “horrified…by Laura’s guilty frivolity in handing over [the diaries] unread…” This is in the context of advising Diana to be careful in handing letters and other documents over to her biographer Philip Ziegler. Finally, he mentions in a November 1966 letter to Ann Fleming having reread Waugh’s Sword of Honour trilogy and, after having “hated” it the first time, he now thinks it

…really wonderful, fearfully sad, very funny, absolutely true, very grand indeed. I think the difference in mood, tempo, scope and its appearing in driblets, must have put me wrong the first time.

Thanks to Milena Borden for the portion of the above post on the Joan Leigh Fermor biography.

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Anthony Powell Biography (More)

The new biography of Anthony Powell by Hilary Spurling has been widely reviewed in the British press and several additional reviews have cited Evelyn Waugh’s friendship with Powell. Nicholas Shakespeare, writer and director of the BBC Arena documentary “The Waugh Trilogy” in the 1980s, reveiwed the book in the Daily Telegraph:

Not normally a writer to stand one’s hair on end, Powell does so when contemplating his fellow practitioners. His publishers used to categorise him as “probably the greatest living English writer”, which made him sound like a lager. But just look how actively he cleared the ground of rivals past, present and future. The effect is not unlike napalm. Gustave Flaubert: “Does rather pile on the agony at the end.” Graham Greene: “Absurdly overrated.” Evelyn Waugh: “Unnourishing feeling in most of his books.” … Powell would have purred like his cat Fum at the way Spurling has brought him to humane and generous life, made head and tail of his character and work, and begun the process of restoring Powell to the same shelf as his contemporaries like Waugh, Greene and Orwell, where he always felt he belonged anyway.

Literary critic and novelist DJ Taylor, after writing a parody of Spurling’s book (and Powell’s writing) in Private Eye, wrote a generous and favorable review in The Times. Taylor begins by summarizing Spurling’s description of the financial and social difficulties Powell faced in breaking into the London literary establishment. Although dismissed by many as a spoiled product of the upper class, attending Eton and Balliol, his family depended on his father’s modest Army officer pay. It was often difficult for Powell to keep up with his contemporaries, such as his more successful Oxford friends Evelyn Waugh and Graham Greene. On that subject, Taylor notes:

One could have done, too, with a more nuanced view of some of his friendships, in particular his relationship with Evelyn Waugh, who once informed a third party that Tony “feared all human contact”. (The best of the Waugh stories has Waugh jokily threatening to give his family away to the Powells — the children had to be forcibly removed from Lady Violet’s car.)

Finally, the Irish Times has issued a review by journalist Kieran Fagan which cites what has become one of the most quoted passages in the UK reviews of Spurling’s book:

Powell’s friend and fellow novelist Evelyn Waugh saw the novel sequence this way: “We watch through the glass of a tank; one after another, the various specimens swim towards us; we see them clearly, then with a barely perceptible flick of fin or a tail, they swim off into the murk. This is how our encounters occur in real life. Friends and acquaintances approach or recede year by year. Their presence has no significance. It is recorded as part of the permeating and inebriating atmosphere of the haphazard which is the essence of Mr Powell’s art.”

Spurling quotes that passage in her book (p. 366), and it has been requoted (in whole or in part) in nearly half of the reviews in the UK press. It comes from Waugh’s review in the Spectator of the 6th book in Powell’s cycle Dance to the Music of Time. This is entitled The Kindly Ones and was published in 1962. It has not been collected, unlike Waugh’s review of the previous volume Casanova’s Chinese Restaurant (1960) which appears in Essays, Articles and Reviews. That happened to be the volume Waugh liked least because of the introduction of several musicians in whom he had little interest. In the quoted review, Waugh thought Powell was back on form and commented favorably on the entire series up to that point.

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