Orwell Society Visits Waugh Site

A member of the Orwell Society has posted a report of a visit made by a group of its members to North London sites associated with George Orwell. The visit started in Hampstead with a stop at the site of the bookstore (marked by an Orwell plaque) that provided a model for the one where the hero of Keep the Aspidistra Flying worked, then moved on to Parliament Hill where Orwell had lodgings. The bookstore site is within walking distance of Waugh’s boyhood home at 145 North End Road on the other side of Hampstead Village.

The tour moved on by undisclosed means of transport to another North London neighborhood with a more immediate Waugh association:

Next stop… was 27b Canonbury Square, Islington. This flat brought back some distant memories from Orwell’s adopted son Richard Blair who accompanied us on the tour. Though a very small boy, Richard remembers the flat as being very dark and dingy, although his Father was completely indifferent to the state of his surroundings, as long as he could write. Canonbury witnessed a turn in Orwell’s financial fortunes, which had been a constant worry, until after the publication of Animal Farm. On a darker note, it was during his time here that his wife Eileen died, although Orwell was travelling as a war correspondent on the continent at the time. Canonbury also saw the birth of his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, although his most famous work was completed on the island of Jura in Scotland. Michael also took us around to 17 Canonbury Square, where Evelyn Waugh once lived and worked…The tour ended with lunch at the Canonbury Tavern, which recognizes its famous literary patrons Orwell and Waugh with some lovely framed book covers decorating the walls.

The Orwell building in Canonbury Square is also marked by a plaque; the Waugh building (often cited as 17a Canonbury Square) is not. That is probably as Waugh would want it, because it was while living here that his first marriage broke up. The two authors did not live there at the same time. Orwell was there in the mid 1940s and Waugh, at the end of the 1920s. They became friends after the war when Orwell returned from Jura and was recuperating from an illness in a sanitarium near where Waugh lived in Gloucestershire. Each reviewed the other’s books: Orwell, Scott-King’s Modern Europe in the New York Times (Evelyn Waugh: The Critical Heritage, p. 294) and Waugh, Collected Essays in the Tablet (Essays, Articles and Reviews, p. 304). Orwell was planning to write a longer essay on Waugh’s work at the time he died but got no further than some notes that were later published.

 

 

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Et in Cantabrigia Ego

A Cambridge University student-sponsored news blog (The Tab) has published interviews with several incoming students. One seems to have gotten her ancient universities a bit mixed:

Holly, History, Pembroke. “I applied to Cambridge under the illusion that I would have the chance to float around like Sebastian Flyte. However, it turns out that Brideshead Revisited is actually set in Oxford, and Sebastian ends up as an alcoholic in a Tunisian monastery. So thanks, Evelyn Waugh, for ruining my life. I have adjusted my mindset accordingly and now am, instead, very much looking forward to regular brunch and the prospect of wearing trainers clubbing. My poor toes rejoice.

Is it not done to “wear trainers clubbing” at the other Ancient University?

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Curbed @ Forest Lawn

The real estate blog network, Curbed, has issued its latest Pocket Guide to Los Angeles. This may be of interest to those of you planning to attend the Evelyn Waugh Conference next spring at the Huntington Library near Pasadena. The Curbed Los Angeles Pocket Guide contains 25 entries, listed roughly from east to west. Here’s entry 9:

Forest Lawn Glendale
If you’re going to get to know Los Angeles, you have to understand its weird relationship with death, for which Forest Lawn Glendale is ground zero. The “memorial park” was founded in the 1910s by “The Builder,” Hubert Eaton, who believed that there could be joy in death and that tombstones were gloomy. Following these tenets, he developed these 300 acres of rolling grounds with copies of famous chapels and artworks, including all of Michelangelo’s statues and a stained glass version of “The Last Supper.” Today Forest Lawn Glendale (the memorial park is now a chain) is the final resting place of Walt Disney, Michael Jackson, and infamous preacher Aimee Semple McPherson. It also helped inspired Evelyn Waugh’s essential LA book The Loved One and its movie adaptation.

Given the cemetery’s new nomenclature, should we considering renaming Waugh’s fictional version Whispering Glades Burbank?

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Lt Hooper Enters US Politics

In today’s Wall Street Journal, Tim Kaine, Democratic candidate for Vice President is likened to Waugh’s character Lt Hooper from his novel Brideshead Revisited:

Though a bit character, [Hooper] plays an indispensible role. In his unquestioning embrace of the dominant pieties of his day, Hooper is a stand-in for the vapidity of the society Waugh saw emerging from the rubble of World War II.

The article is entitled “Meet Planned Parenthood’s Tim Kaine: The long campaign to make America safe for pro-choice Catholic Democrats.” It is written by William McGurn, a former speechwriter for George W Bush. Those two facts may be sufficient hints as to the article’s  content, which is behind a Murdochian paywall. You will need a subscription to read the full text.

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Bloggers List Waugh

Waugh and his works have appeared in several recent blogs. In listverse he was named in a list of “10 Pop Culture Moments We Owe To Animals.” That seems unlikely but here it is:

Evelyn Waugh’s Suicide Attempt Was Ruined By A Jellyfish: Evelyn Waugh has proven himself to be one of the greatest authors of the 20th century, but his early career was met with mixed reviews. His manuscripts were panned, and his dream job had fallen through. Unable to cope with this one-two punch, he decided to commit suicide…Always the dramatist, Evelyn Waugh wrote his suicide note and headed into the sea. His plan was to swim until he drowned. He had already swum rather far when a jellyfish stung him on the shoulder. Startled and shocked, Waugh ran back to shore. He put his clothes back on and decided to live.

Prof Anthony Esolen from Providence College has, according to reports on Roman Catholic blogs, included Brideshead Revisited among the top 10 English-language Catholic novels of the 20th Century. Numbers one and two were Sigrid Undset’s Kristin Lavransdatter and Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. Also included is Graham Greene’s The Power and the Glory.

Finally, another blogger has compared Cordelia Flyte, a character in Brideshead Revisited,  to St Therese of Lisieux, who is commemorated by the Roman Catholic Church on 2 October.

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BBC Rebroadcasts Brideshead Radio Adaptation

BBC Radio 4 Extra will rebroadcast the 4-episode series of Brideshead Revisited starting tomorrow (Tuesday, 4 October) at 10am. Each episode is 1 hour, and they will be broadcast on successive days at the same time each day until the concluding episode on Friday. All programs will be available worldwide over the internet on BBC iPlayer shortly after each broadcast.  The BBC Radio 4 announcement is not very forthcoming about the background of this production. It was first broadcast in 2003, the centenary of Waugh’s birth. The adaptation was written by Jeremy Front, who has since gone on to adapt other Waugh novels for radio, including Sword of Honour and Decline and Fall. The cast includes Ben Miles as Charles Ryder, Jamie Bamber as Sebastian, Edward Petherbridge as Lord Marchmain, Eleanor Bron as Lady Marchmain, Anne-Marie Duff as Julia and Toby Jones as Bridey. It has been rebroadcast several times; the most recent was apparently in May 2015 in connection with the 70th anniversary of the novel’s publication.

UPDATE (3 October 2016) : The BBC have now posted some background information on the production and more members of the cast have been added to the above posting.

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“Death to Picasso”

Columnist, editor of The New Ctiterion and scourge of academic political correctness, Roger Kimball, has cited Waugh in an article in the conservative/libertarian weblog PJ Media. This was in the context of a “PC” debate that arose from recent unrest in Charlotte, North Carolina (which the geographically-challenged Kimball misidentifies as located in Virginia). A law professor posted a Twitter message in a feed that was describing an ongoing protest demonstration that had extended onto the streets and was blocking traffic. The message was : “Run them down” (not sure about the punctuation). That was considered so incendiary that the professor was the subject of an investigation at the University of Tennessee where he taught at the law school.

Kimball was reminded of the messages Waugh once used to close his letters:

There was a period in which Evelyn Waugh habitually ended his letters with the injunction “Death to Picasso.” What if he had included this in a tweet? But of course, a character like Evelyn Waugh would be impossible in today’s Lilliputian regime of political correctness.

The period when Waugh used this phrase in letters was fairly brief, covering a few weeks in January 1946 in the wake of a controversy caused by Waugh with a letter to the Times relating to an exhibit of Picasso’s work at the V&A Museum. Letters, 214-22. Waugh’s choice of media hardly seems comparable to the instant messaging systems used today. Indeed, even to tweet such a message seems scarcely relevant, since it was not aimed motorists stranded in an angry mob of protesters. His addressees–Nancy Mitford and Penelope Betjeman–were unlikely to take his exhortation literally or to physically injure the artist.

In the end, the Tennessee professor was exhonorated by the dean of the law school who, according to Kimball,  ruled that he:

was exercising his First Amendment rights. No disciplinary action would be taken. But the dean did go on to bemoan the “hurt and frustration” felt by those who had been “offended” by the tweet. Brave soul that she is, however, the dean declared that she would “move forward to rebuild our law school community.”

 

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Death in Los Angeles

Los Angeles Magazine has recently republished a 2011 article by Ben Ehrenreich which has “Death in L.A.” forming part of its subtitle. That is not far off the title of the German translation for Waugh’s 1948 novel The Loved One (Tod in Hollywood). Waugh plays a prominent part in the article with several references. He is first mentioned in connection with the Calfornia custom of adopting euphemistic terms in referring to matters relating to death and burial:

[Once you are dead]…whoever you are and wherever you live, you will go. You will not be you anymore. Not exactly. You will be a corpse, a cadaver, a decedent, a “loved one.” You will be remains. The death industry employs more euphemisms than politicians do…The novelist Evelyn Waugh had his fun with this: “Normal disposal is by inhumement, entombment, inurnment or immurement, but many people just lately prefer insarcophagusment.” 

The article goes on to discuss Waugh’s parody of Forest Lawn cemetery in Glendale as Whispering Glades in the novel:

Southern California, home to the theme-park necropolis Forest Lawn, came to represent the apotheosis of America’s disturbingly “euphoric” approach to mortality… To Evelyn Waugh, who parodied Forest Lawn in his 1948 novel The Loved One, such vulgarity was symptomatic of the “endless infancy” of West Coast culture…Waugh was better humored about the practice, if no less horrified at the notion of being, as he put it, “pickled in formaldehyde and painted like a whore, / Shrimp-pink incorruptible, not lost or gone before.”

The quote in this case is from Dennis Barlow’s poem eulogizing Sir Francis Hinsley which was in turn the parody of a Victorian poem about Heraclitus. The article also mentions at this point the later writings of British born Jessica Mitford who described many of the features of Forest Lawn in her The American Way of Death. Not mentioned is what is probably the original parody of Forest Lawn by a British writer; this is in Aldous Huxley’s After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (1939). He called it the Beverly Pantheon and located it on top of the Hollywood Hills rather than in the San Fernando Valley. Waugh had read Huxley’s book in which the Beverly Pantheon plays only a minor role as one of the many schemes of its owner Jo Stoyte, an oil tycoon and real eatate developer. Stoyte bears little resemblance to the owner of Whispering Glades in Waugh’s novel. Waugh told his agent that he had read Huxley’s novel which “flirted” with the theme (Letters, p. 517), but Waugh apparently did not make the connection to Forest Lawn itself until he was told about it by a London friend, Sheila Milbanke, who happened to be in Los Angeles. She took him to Forest Lawn, and he was so impressed he returned several times on his own (Davis, Mischief in the Sun, pp. 61-62).

Forest Lawn is also discussed in the context of the practices of Los Angeles cemeteries to exclude or segregate burials by race, nationality or income bracket:

It was not Forest Lawn’s ill-concealed class structure that Waugh and Mitford found so distasteful but the cemetery’s brash modernity and autocratic cheer. [Footnote omitted.] Forest Lawn was designed to be “as unlike other cemeteries as sunshine is unlike darkness,” declared founder Hubert Eaton (“The Builder”) in his “Builder’s Creed,” which begins with his assertion that “I believe in a happy eternal life” and goes on to banish every symbol of judgment or even grief from its architecture.

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Waugh and the McCarthyites

A blogger posting on a community news weblog for West Berkshire has been inspired by reading The Letters of Nancy Mitford and Evelyn Waugh to pronounce her assessment of Waugh’s life and work (Penny Post, 29 Sept-9 Oct). After declaring Waugh a monster, based on his correspondence with Mitford, the blogger compiles a catalogue of his misdeeds. Included in this list is the charge that Waugh “supported the McCarthy witch-hunts amongst other dubious causes.” This conclusion would be based on several joking references in these letters which appear to make light of McCarthy’s actions and even make the ironic suggestion that similar actions should be undertaken in Britain. Waugh was playing on Mitford’s leftist views and insinuating that she had something to fear from the McCarthyites if she travelled to the US.

In fact, Waugh saw through McCarthy from the beginning. Even though Waugh was staunchly anti-Communist himself (as witnessed by his unflinching campaign against Marshall Tito) and despite support for McCarthy by Roman Catholic establishment figures in the US such as Archbishop Spellman, Waugh spoke out clearly in favor of McCarthy’s opponents. This was in a review of the 1959 book Senator Joe McCarthy by Richard Rovere, an outspoken critic of McCarthy. Waugh endorsed Rovere’s assessment that McCarthy is

totally insincere. He had certain likeable, rascally qualities; a gambler and drunkard who was unshakably loyal to his cronies and often magnanimous to his enemies. He was devoid of patriotism and political principle. He was a man of no outstanding abilities who came to the top, or very near it, by representing a prevalent mood of frustration and dismay among his countrymen and by fantastically exaggerating suspicions that were not without some foundation. He had the essential demagogue’s gift of identifying the scapegoat and performing public sacrifice.

Evelyn Waugh, “McCarthy,” Spectator, 5 February 1960, p. 185. The full review is available online. A drawing of McCarthy was on the cover of that issue.

After the review appeared, Waugh was approached by right wing commentator William F Buckley Jr who urged him to revise his position after reviewing books by Buckley and other apologists for McCarthy. Waugh replied, first asking Buckley to send the books he mentioned, and then later politely thanking Buckley for the books but declining to change his views on McCarthy:

McCarthy is certainly regarded by most Englishmen as a regrettable figure and your McCarthy and His Enemies, being written before his later extravagances, will not go far to clear his reputation. I have no doubt that you were sent a lot of prejudiced information six years ago. Your book makes plain that there was a need for investigation ten years ago. It does not, I am afraid supply me with the information that would convince me that McCarthy was a suitable man to undertake it.

Waugh’s letter, dated 4 April 1960, is reprinted in Letters, p. 536. Both sides of their correspondence, as well as some related letters and comments, are reproduced in Buckley’s Cancel Your Own Goddam Subscription (2007), pp. 144 ff. Buckley was upset that the letters included in Mark Amory’s collection made him appear in an unflattering light. So far as your correspondent is aware, however, he never renounced his support for Senator McCarthy, which was the real cause of his embarrassment.

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Waugh Character Models Surface in Blogs

Two of Waugh’s character models have surfaced in recent blogs. These are Brenda Dean Paul and Kate Meyrick. Dean Paul may have contributed to any number of characters in Vile Bodies. She was perhaps the most prominent of the Bright Young People because of her ability to get her name and picture in the papers. According to a Spanish blogger (Ladder Iakob): 

Brenda aroused the most interest among the public, who listened attentively to the stories of her adventures. Her style when dressing was admired and imitated by women of all social classes, while she lived her carefree life of parties and love affairs. She marked trends in women’s fashion, becoming forerunner of what today is called an “it girl”.

Unfortunately, Dean Paul’s recreational use of heroin during her BYP period ripened into a serious addiction which plagued her for the rest of her life. The blog is in Spanish which has been translated by Google. The Google Translate program has a problem distinguishing between male and female pronouns in Spanish and so requires some patience to read, but the main thing here is the photographs, which show graphically her progression from BYP to addict.

Kate Meyrick (or more to the point her son Gordon) is the subject of a posting on a blog that specializes in mystery writing (The Passing Tramp). Kate Meyrick was the model for Ma Mayfield who appears in Brideshead Revisited as the owner of the Old Hundredth night club/brothel at 100 Sink Street, where Charles and Sebastian get drunk and disorderly before being arrested. The club is also mentioned by the same name in A Handful of Dust. It is based on Mrs Meyrick’s establishment the “43” which was located at 43 Gerrard Street. What is most interesting in the blog post is the photo and description of the prominent house Mrs Meyrick shared with her son in a fashionable part of Marylebone. They were both living there when she died in 1933. Although not mentioned, some of her other children may have also lived there at that time. One of her daughters is mentioned in Waugh’s Diaries (p. 196) as running the “43” in her mother’s absence in 1925. A footnote explains that two of her daughters married peers. According to Wikipedia, she had a total of 8 children and, at one time, as reported in the Irish Times, the revenues from her various establishments were  supporting 3 sons at Harrow and 3 daughters at Roedean. Her son Gordon began a successful career as a mystery writer that was cut short by his death in the blitz. Two of his books profiled in the blog are The Body on the Pavement (1941) and Danger at My Heels (1943). 

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