Leicester City, The Novel and Evelyn Waugh

BBC Radio 4 is repeating a December series by Simon Barnes entitled Everything You Think About Sport is Wrong. Episode 4 is called “The Novel” and explains how sport is like this literary form. Both tell a story and can spread the tale over several matches or volumes or in a single sitting. They can be epic stories like Vince Lombardi and tales with profoundly flawed heroes like Oscar Pistorius. Both forms have seven basic plots outlined by Christopher Booker: the quest, overcoming monsters, rags-to-riches, voyage and return, high comedy, rebirth and tragedy. The 2016 story of Leicester City Football Club and the Premier League title invokes most of these plots over a long series of novels (a roman fleuve of sport). Barnes concludes with a list of the novels brought to mind by Leicester’s pursuit of the title: Cinderella, King Arthur, My Fair Lady, Clark Kent emerging from the phone booth, the Spectacle Girl learning she was beautiful, The Ugly Duckling, Brideshead Revisited and Lucky Jim.

The link of the Leicester City story to most of these novels is fairly obvious but that to Brideshead, less so. Readers are invited to comment below if they see the connection. Thanks to reader Milena Borden for spotting this reference. 

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BBC to Rebroadcast Pinfold-Producing Interview

The BBC radio interview which contributed to Evelyn Waugh’s hallucinatory episodes described in The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold will be rebroadcast later this week. This episode of the Frankly Speaking series will be carried on BBC Radio 4 Extra on Saturday, 29 April 2017 at 14:15 UK time and will be available online thereafter on BBC iPlayer. Here are the BBC’s background notes:

 Evelyn Waugh is grilled about his life and career by Charles Wilmot, Jack Davies and Stephen Black. Regarded as one of the most brilliant novelists of his day, Waugh loathed the BBC. His grandson Alexander believes that this interview, along with a cocktail of sleeping draughts, helped to send him “rather mad”. The author later turned his experience on Frankly Speaking into a scene in his novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold with Stephen Black becoming the character Angel who haunts Pinfold in his hallucinations.

Launched in 1952 on the BBC Home Service, Frankly Speaking was a novel, ground breaking series. Unrehearsed and unscripted, the traditional interviewee/interviewer pairing was initially jettisoned for three interviewers firing direct questions – straight to the point. Early critics described it as ‘unkempt’, ‘an inquisition’ and described the guest as prey being cornered, quarry being pursued – with calls to axe the unscripted interview. But the format won out and eventually won over its detractors.

Unknown or very inexperienced broadcasters were employed as interviewers, notably John Freeman, John Betjeman, Malcolm Muggeridge, Harold Hobson, Penelope Mortimer, Elizabeth Beresford and Katherine Whitehorn. Only about 40 of the original 100 programmes survive.

According to Martin Stannard, the original broadcast took place on 16 November 1953. There is a more detailed description of the events leading up to the interview and its repercussions in Stannard’s The Later Years, pp. 333-38.

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Philip Sassoon, The Duke of Kent and the Sitwells

Waugh crops up in a number of articles about the upper class in the interwar period. In  Spear’s magazine, editor William Cash reviews a book by Damian Collins, MP for Folkestone and Hythe. This is a biography of Philip Sassoon entitled Charmed Life, the Phenomenal World of Sir Philip Sassoon which has just appeared in paperbackSassoon had a house at Port Lympne in the Folkestone and Hythe district and was also for a time a predecessor of Collins as its Member of Parliament. After a background of Sassoon’s family and his early history, Cash reaches the topic of his social climbing, a subject close to Evelyn Waugh’s heart:

To be honest there is quite a lot that is not to like about Sassoon’s almost compulsive-obsessive collecting of celebrities and politicians, socialites and artists. He didn’t just have an upwardly mobile party flitting nature. He gave dinners and lunches for prime ministers as a form of social and political pimping. …  But Collins manages to make Sassoon emerge as an all too human if hugely enigmatic man whose Jewish background and social, aesthetic and sexual complexities (he was discreetly gay) all make him such an unlikely figure to ‘epitomise’ (in the words of fellow MP Bob Boothby) ‘the sheer enjoyment’ of the decade 1925-1935, with life at Port Lympne, the exotic fantasy country house he had decorated by Rex Whistler, being one of ‘endless gaiety and enjoyment’.

Collins’s book, according to Cash, illustrates how Sassoon used his skills to charm his way into the top reaches of the society of the times. Cash concludes:

Yet like him or loathe him, Sassoon gave the parties and political ‘Cabinet lunches’ that tout London- from Diana Cooper to Churchill – wanted to be invited to. … That was why Evelyn Waugh described ‘charm’ as one of the deadliest of English social sins. The English ‘disease’ no less, as the exotic old Etonian Anthony Blanche says to Charles Ryder in Brideshead. In many ways the gay socialite aesthete Blanche and Sassoon have much in common, including a taste for expensive suits tailored in the New York style. … Noel Coward called Sassoon ‘a phenomenon that would never recur’. Although I dare say I would not have had the moral or social courage to have tuned down his engraved At Home invitations, I do hope Coward is right.

The Scottish Daily Mail has run an article by John McLeod about the Duke of Kent, who was a younger brother of George VI but was a bit more of a social animal than his older brother, perhaps a bit more like his eldest brother who became the Duke of Windsor. He died in a plane crash in Scotland in 1942 while serving in the Navy. According to the Mail’s story, he sounds like he was also a notable charmer, perhaps in a league with Philip Sassoon, only with a better pedigree:

…gorgeous to both men and women, and he knew it. He was highly intelligent, sophisticated. a keen collector of beautiful things–only the second royal boy to attend a proper school [Eton College] and the first to hold a proper professional job. Indeed, at the darkest hour of the Abdication crisis a reeling Government seriously considered installing him on the throne–and (disguised as the Duke of Clarence) Kent even had a walk on cameo in Evelyn Waugh’s sublime novel, Brideshead Revisited.

In Waugh’s novel, the Duke and his wife appear at the exhibition of Charles Ryder’s Latin American paintings arranged by his wife Celia. This is described in Chapter 2 of Book 3 in the 1960 edition:

Presently there was a slight hush and edging away which which follows the entry of a royal party. I saw my wife curtsey and heard her say: ‘Oh, sir, you are sweet’; then I was led into the clearing and the Duke of Clarence said,: ‘Pretty hot out there I should think.’ 

‘It was, sir.’

‘Awfully clever the way you’ve hit off the impression of heat. Makes me feel quite uncomfortable in my greacoat,’

‘Ha, ha.’ (Penguin 1962, p. 254)

Prof Paul Doyle also comments that Kent would have been one of the “young princes” in Book 2, Chapter 2 of the novel whom Julia was ineligible to marry.

Finally, Renishaw Hall, the home of the Sitwell family, has announced the offering of  curated Literary Hall Tours of the property. Waugh was one of several artists of his generation who were taken up by the Sitwells and enjoyed visits to the estate. Among those mentioned in the announcement in addition to Waugh are writers Wilfred Owen, T.S Eliot, Dylan Thomas, Aldous Huxley D.H. Lawrence and painters Rex Whistler and John Piper. The Sitwells were also artists in their own right: Edith Sitwell established herself as a poet on an international scale, her brother Osbert was the writer of his brilliant memoir, Left hand! Right Hand!, describing his Renishaw childhood, while her youngest sibling, Sacheverell, become one of the great writers of the time on art and architecture. 

The tours begin on 28 May and continue at the rate of one per month thereafter through September. They can be booked at this link.

UPDATE (24 May 2017): A more detailed description of the subject matter of the Renishaw curated tours, including an interview with the curator, Christina Beevers, recently appeared in the Sheffield Star. See link.

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Complete Works of Waugh Available in USA

Amazon.com is offering for sale in the USA the first five volumes in the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh to be published by Oxford University Press. The dates of publication and US dollar prices are set forth below. For more details about the contents, see previous post:

Volume 2 Vile Bodies, edited by Martin Stannard, 14 November 2017,  $85.00

Vol 16 Rossetti: His Life and Work, edited by Michael G. Brennan, 14 November 2017, $110.00

Volume 19 A Little Learning, edited by John Howard Wilson and Barbara Cooke, 21 November 2017, $85.00

Volume 26 Essays, Articles and Reviews 1922-34, edited by Donat Gallagher, 14 November 2017, $130.00

Volume 30 Personal Writings 1903-1921: Precious Waughs, edited by Alexander Waugh, and Alan Bell, 14 November 2017,  $85.00

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OUP Announces Dates for First Complete Works Volumes

The Oxford University Press on its website has announced the publication of the first volumes in the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh project. There are five books in this initial batch which will begin to appear on 7 September 2017 with Rossetti: His Life and Work, Waugh’s first book and Volume. 16 of the CWW series. On 14 September 2017 four more volumes will be published. Here are the details from the OUP website:

Vol 16 Rossetti: His Life and Work, edited by Michael G. Brennan (7 Sept; includes a detailed biographical appendix with information about all of the paintings and other works of art referred to in Waugh’s biography as well as critical notes allowing readers to track the development of the book through drafts from manuscript stage to publication and beyond) £85.00

Volume 2 Vile Bodies, edited by Martin Stannard (14 Sept; includes previously unpublished material and critical notes allowing readers to track the development of the book through drafts from manuscript stage to publication and beyond as well as illustrations of manuscript, cover, and other artwork by Waugh from this period) £65.00

Volume 19 A Little Learning, edited by John Howard Wilson and Barbara Cooke (14 Sept; includes all interviews of Waugh and all known fragments of A Little Hope which was to have been the sequel to this book as well as critical notes allowing readers to track the development of the book through drafts from manuscript stage to publication and beyond) £65.00

Volume 26 Essays, Articles and Reviews 1922-34, edited by Donat Gallagher (14 Sept) £100.00

Volume 30 Personal Writings 1903-1921: Precious Waughs, edited by Alexander Waugh, and Alan Bell (Sept 14; includes many of Waugh’s early letters and diary entries published for the first time) £65.00

All volumes are critical editions and will include introductions and full contextual notes, introducing the reader to the literary, social, and biographical context of each book. Where appropriate relevant illustrations and photographs will also be included. 

According to Amazon.com, US publication dates are 14 November 2017 for all volumes except A Little Learning which will be November 21. For details of US publication, see subsequent post. The books are available from Amazon.co.uk which lists 1 September 2017 as the UK publication for all volumes.

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Milk in First (More)

Two papers today have independently quoted Evelyn Waugh on the issue of when to add milk to one’s tea. In the Liverpool Echo there is a feature article on the subject that opens with the claim that “Liverpool is the UK’s tea-drinking capital, with the average Scouser downing four cups a day.” The Huffington Post has a lower profile article on the social implications of milk and tea. Both quote Waugh’s judgement that adding milk first was a sign of lower class standards. This quote may have become enshrined in the journalistic quote canon by its inclusion in Fortnum & Mason’s guide to “The Perfect Cup of Tea“:

This thorny question has divided tea drinkers for quite some time. Putting the milk in last was considered to be the ‘correct’ thing to do in refined social circles, but the reason for this is often forgotten. In the early days of tea-drinking, poor-quality cups were inclined to crack when hot tea was poured into them, and putting the milk in first helped to prevent this. When finer and stronger materials came into use, this was no longer necessary – so putting the milk in last became a way of showing that one had the finest china on one’s table. Evelyn Waugh once recorded a friend using the phrase ‘rather milk-in-first’ to refer to a lower-class person, and the habit became a social divider that had little to do with the taste of the tea…Now that the days when one’s social position was judged by this sort of thing are long gone, you may pour your tea however you choose. 

For the source of Waugh’s quote, see earlier post.

In other news, writer and Waugh admirer A N Wilson on a visit to Australia has compared his attitude to the past to that of Evelyn Waugh. This appears in the Sydney Morning Herald:

“I’m not at home in the modern world,” says Andrew Wilson…”I’m much happier in the 19th century. The minute I open a Victorian volume of memoirs, a Victorian volume of letters, a Victorian novel, I feel at home…I don’t want to sound like a bargain-basement version of Evelyn Waugh but there are so many things about contemporary life, from sort of plastic packaging to muzak and everything that are just sort of horrible and unnecessary and which didn’t exist in those days. Of course you can turn around and say yes, and there were children dying of starvation and so on. And of course I know all that.” 

Finally, the Daily Express in today’s edition mentions Waugh twice. Once in connection with the favorite books of actor Sir Ian Ogilvy, best known for playing the lead in the 1970s TV series The Return of the Saint.  He includes Scoop among his 6 favorite books:

I love his wry sense of humour. He doesn’t push the jokes at you. The main character writes a country column and is then given a journalistic assignment to a war-torn country. It’s very silly.

Another article, reviewing a BBC Four Timeshift documentary on the history of the landline telephone, opens with a reference to Waugh:

The writer Evelyn Waugh had a great dislike of the radio, calling it ‘a detestable toy’ and refusing to allow one in his house. Dial ‘B’ For Britain: The Story Of the Landline (BBC4) included footage of a similarly jowly and furious man describing the telephone as a thundering nuisance. Lord knows what they would make of the ringtone and automated checkout. 

If they had looked further that would have found that Waugh also avoided using the telephone. Although he allowed one in the house, he preferred to communicate in written correspondence (which is one of the reasons he left so much of it).

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Another Norwegian Article on Brideshead

The recent new translation of Brideshead Revisited into Norwegian has engendered another article. See earlier posts. This appears in a Norwegian-language Roman Catholic  weblog and is written by Fr Oddvar Moi. The article contains a brief description of Waugh’s early life and conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. It goes on to describe Brideshead, with a particular emphasis on its religious themes. Finally, there is a discussion of Waugh’s opposition to the liturgical and other reforms following the Second Vatican Council. Most of the material would be quite familiar to English-speaking readers, but there a few original comments arising from its Norwegian context. For example, Fr Moi explains that after his conversion in 1930:

Waugh tried to live as a good Catholic in every way, although Pietist Norwegian Christians would probably find his continued high alcohol consumption and some other habits problematic.

The Google translation is better than average but be aware that it translates “messen” (Norwegian for the religious service of “Mass”) as “fair” or “fairy”. 

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Waugh on Desert Island Discs

Reader David Lull has provided the results of a search for Evelyn Waugh on the BBC database for the entire run of its Desert Island Discs program. Waugh was never a castaway and, if ever asked, he would have surely declined. He told composer Igor Stravinsky that he found listening to music painful and declined an invitation in 1949 to the premiere of a Stravinsky composition. On the other hand, he apparently liked hymns which he frequently works into his fiction as well as certain musical comedies–for example, he went to multiple performances of The Beggar’s Opera and Kiss Me Kate.

He shows up on Desert Island Discs as the author of castaways’ selections of a book they can choose to take with them (aside from the Bible and the complete works of Shakespeare which are already there). Scoop, Brideshead Revisited (Greek version), Sword of Honour, and Vile Bodies were each chosen by one castaway and Decline and Fall, by two. The castaway who chose Brideshead has an additional Waugh connection. This is actor Peter Bull who was the owner of the teddy bear that played Sebastian’s Aloysuis in the 1981 Granada TV adaptation of that novel. Another example of Waugh’s selection was in the 2015 appearance of TV comedy writer Maurice Gran who would take the Complete Works of Waugh with him (apparently not planning to be shipwrecked until that project is completed). See previous post. It is not obvious why that selection did not turn up in Dave’s search so there may be some limitations to the search function for “book” on the BBC database. Any of our readers knowing of other examples of Waugh’s selection on the show are invited to comment below.  Tip of the hat once again to Dave for sending us his search results. 

UPDATE (20 April 2017): The Auberon Diary Twitter page has kindly posted the Desert Island Discs episode in which Auberon Waugh was the castaway. This is from 1986, shortly after he had left Private Eye and become editor of Literary Review. The presenter is Michael Parkinson. They discuss Auberon’s childhood briefly. He describes his father as moody but not a bad-tempered person, and one inclined to melancholy. There was little music in their household, as his father was tone deaf and his mother not interested. He also mentions his hope to have the time to write the 3 or 4 novels buzzing around in his head after he retires. Alas, that didn’t happen.

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Decline and Fall on YouTube

All three episodes of the BBC TV adaptation of Waugh’s novel Decline and Fall are currently posted on YouTube. They may be watched on your computer without a UK internet connection. Here are the links:

Episode 1

Episode 2

Episode 3

For those who do have UK internet connections, the entire series remains available on BBC iPlayer until 28 April.

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More Praise for BBC’s Decline and Fall from the Spectator

The Spectator in a blog column by Douglas Murray has added to its earlier praise for the BBC’s adaptation of Waugh’s Decline and Fall. This follows Friday’s transmission of the final episode of the series and focuses on that episode. But it opens more broadly with he declaration that the series as a whole was “a triumph.”:

…I had always assumed that this earliest of Evelyn Waugh’s novels was un-filmable. The plot is slightly sketchier, the characters slightly more limited than in Waugh’s later novels. Which isn’t to take away from the fact that it remains one of the funniest novels ever written. And now here, amazingly, was a near-perfect adaptation. … The cast was uniformly superb [and] by the final episode … seemed to be moving to some heavenly (if also partly grotesque) harmony. … Of course if you love a novel, it is hard not to watch any adaptation partly by looking for the mistakes.

Murray goes on to consider the case of the presentation of Prendergast’s death. In the novel Waugh put this gruesome topic into the comic context of having Philbrick report it to Paul Pennyfeather in chapel by fitting it into the words of the hymn O God Our Help in Ages Past. That made it funny on the page but may not have worked so well on the screen. So the BBC adaptation came up with a more direct presentation of Prendy’s demise. This ended with a macabre sight gag (not mentioned by Murray) which was one of the funniest moments in the series. And they saved a bit of the chapel scene beloved by Murray when Pennyfeather reports to Philbrick the escape of Grimes from Egdon Heath Prison to the tune of the same hymn. That itself was not as funny as Waugh’s version of the hymn but was reasonable compensation for the modification.

In his conclusion, Murray seemed to agree:

Anyhow – they bottled giving Waugh’s version exactly, as they bottled a tiny number of other things. But it worked fantastically nonetheless, and I will more than forgive them for it. If the BBC can gather a cast of this calibre and make an adaptation able to please even the most pedantic fans, then the BBC is clearly doing something right. I’m tempted to say ‘for this be all thy sins forgiven.’ Which might be overdoing it, but this tour-de-force will certainly put any such sins to the back of the mind for a time.

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