Ishmaelia vs. Azania

Last month, the Independent ran a column naming what it deemed to be the 10 best fictional countries created by writers. None of Waugh’s efforts made the first cut, but the response was so great that a second round was published, expanding the list to the top 50. Waugh’s “Ishmaelia” from Scoop
(1938) is named in this new list, nominated by three readers:

Ishmaelia. Scoop, by Evelyn Waugh, with its “very promising little war” (Lord Copper). Nick Reid, Dan Kelly and Fiona Laird.

Not mentioned is another fictional county of Waugh’s, “Azania” from Black Mischief, effectively the same country as Ishmaelia but with a different fictional history and slightly different geography. Waugh may be, if not unique, at least one of the few novelists to have done a double. 

Coincidentally, the map of Azania provided at the beginning of Waugh’s novel bears some resemblance to the 1669 map of Atlantis which illustrates the Independent‘s article. The Azania map’s cartographer is not identified, but Waugh executed several drawings for a limited edition of Black Mischief and may well have also drawn or contributed to the map. Later editions include some of the drawings, as well as the map, all of which are attributed to Waugh in the Penguin version.

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Max Hastings Watches the BBC’s Face-to-Face Interviews

In this week’s Spectator, Max Hastings, former Daily Telegraph editor, comments on his viewing of DVDs of the BBC’s Face to Face interviews, which he had recently been sent as a gift. The recordings have been circulation since 2009, and it seems remarkable that he has only just caught up with them. He describes them as “compelling” and offers these comments on several of the interview subjects (including Evelyn Waugh):

That old rogue Lord Boothby seemed intelligent and curiously appealing. Adam Faith, then 20, handled himself brilliantly, while Simone Signoret was a bore. We marveled that such a repellent human being as Evelyn Waugh could have written the best English novels of the past century. Gilbert Harding, supposedly a monster, appeared movingly vulnerable. A BBC spokesman with whom I discussed the programmes said the only subject for whom John Freeman [the interviewer] formed a violent dislike was Martin Luther King.

The Waugh interview is available on YouTube.

While Hastings may consider Waugh repellent, that assessment must be based on evidence other than his performance in this interview. Waugh holds his own very well against Freeman, the often aggressive interviewer. Freeman was a Labour politician at the time he joined the BBC. Waugh had written his school friend, Tom Driberg, also a Labour politician (and journalist), in advance of the interview, asking if he knew “anything damaging about [Freeman] that I can introduce into our conversation if he should become insolent” (Letters, p. 544). Driberg’s response, so far as I am aware, is unrecorded, but based on Waugh’s performance, it doesn’t appear that he needed any outside help.

Freeman’s own comments on the interview are contained in a written introduction to the DVD set by Hugh Burnett, producer of the TV series:

Waugh was very difficult, he was very uptight, I think he disliked me, and whether he did or not, he was very nervous…I’m disappointed that I didn’t succeed in getting more out of him, because of all the people on the list of Face to Faces, he is the one I think I hold in most honour.

Thanks to Gwyn Price-Evans for bringing this article to our attention.

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Evelyn Waugh and Catch-22

Today’s Guardian adds Joseph Heller’s 1961 novel Catch-22
to its list of the 100 Best Novels, joining Scoop
which was named in an earlier article.

The article explains that Robert Gottlieb, the book’s editor at Simon & Schuster, tried to obtain blurbs from established authors. Waugh was among those solicited, with somewhat disappointing results – but not quite as disappointing as you would conclude from the Guardian article.  Here’s what the article says:

Gottlieb’s enthusiasm inspired him to send out advance copies, a strategy that (as so often) did not always work. Evelyn Waugh wrote back: “You are mistaken in calling it a novel. It is a collection of sketches – often repetitious – totally without structure.”

In fact, Waugh’s response, reproduced in Letters, pp. 571-71, starts by expressing his thanks for the book and his sorrow that Simon & Schuster found it so fascinating. He notes his belief that the book was both indelicate and prolix and concludes his objections to the novel with the passage quoted above, but he then continues:

Much of the dialogue is funny.

You may quote me as saying; ‘This exposure of corruption, cowardice and incivility of American officers will outrage all friends of your country (such as myself) and greatly comfort your enemies.’

A backhanded assessment which I doubt appeared on the book’s cover, but at least Waugh recognized its humor. Waugh must have gone to the trouble of reading it through because he recommended that it be reduced by half and urged that “the activities of ‘Milo [Minderbinder]’ should be eliminated or greatly reduced.” Notwithstanding Waugh’s reservations, the book has remained in print and sold over 10 million copies.

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TLS Reviews Memoir of Gore Vidal

In this weeks TLS James Campbell reviews Sympathy for the Devil, a memoir of Gore Vidal by novelist Michael Mewshaw. The review mentions a 1978 dinner party in Italy to which Mewshaw invited Vidal and his partner Howard Austen. The occasion was to honor John D’Arms, newly appointed director of the American Academy in Rome, and his wife Teresa, Waugh’s daughter. Campbell does not start well on this anecdote when he refers to Teresa as a novelist, confusing her with her sister-in-law, Auberon’s wife, Teresa Onslow Waugh, who is, indeed, a novelist.

Vidal began the evening by ordering vodka, sending up warning lights for Austen who gently urged him to switch to his usual choice of wine. Ignoring Austen’s advice, Vidal raised the subject of “how alcohol affects different writers…Whenever I read Faulkner and he rambles on about ‘the ancient avatar of the evening sun slipping down the crepuscular sky’ I know he was hitting the sauce. On the other hand, your sainted father,” he said, nodding to Teresa, “became meaner and more concise the drunker he got. Every sentence had a dagger in it.” Teresa’s response, if any, is not reported.

Campbell at this point refers to Vidal’s own memoirs, Palimpsest, 1995), where he had mentioned that Waugh “once claimed not to know who [Vidal] was at someone else’s dinner table.” In those memoirs, Vidal explained that he had “read with pleasure all of Waugh” but found him “singularly detestable.” He went on to describe Waugh as “that self-invented English Catholic gentleman…proud esquire of a smidgen of English dirt.”  (Palimpsest, pp. 204, 312).

Both writers loved this sort of feud, and Waugh, if he had still been alive, could certainly have given as good as he got. Vidal’s claim to an elevated social standing came through his social-climbing mother’s second husband, his step-father, Hugh Auchincloss, not his own forebears, so he was no less an arriviste than Waugh. And as demonstrated in Mewshaw’s memoir, Vidal could be as mean a drunk as Waugh. On the evening in question, after Vidal insulted another woman present, Howard quickly rose to the occasion and took him home.

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The Tablet Celebrates 175 Years

The UK-based Roman Catholic weekly paper The Tablet is celebrating its 175th anniversary this year. Among the events related to the celebration that may be of interest to our readers are a literary festival at Birmingham in June and a lecture at the LSE in October. An event schedule is posted here.

Waugh wrote frequently for the paper. Among his most notable Tablet pieces are “Half in Love with Easeful Death: An Examination of Californian Burial Customs” (18 October 1947), which had first appeared in Life magazine in the US, and “Palinurus in Never-Never Land or, The Horizon Blue-Print of Chaos.” (11 May 1946), about the writings of Cyril Connolly. These and other Waugh articles can be found at the Tablet’s online archive.

Donat Gallagher, the editor of a volume of Waugh’s collected journalism, wrote that:

In most circumstances Waugh would write entertainingly for a high fee. He would write seriously for no fee (e.g. for the Tablet) or a small fee (e.g. for the Spectator). But the market in between did not much interest him. (The Essays, Articles and Reviews of Evelyn Waugh, pp. 111-12)

According to a recent article in the Guardian, the Spectator (founded 1828) is the only UK- based weekly in regular circulation longer that the Tablet (founded 1840).

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Penguin Celebrates 80th Birthday Without Waugh

Penguin Books is celebrating its 80th anniversary this year by publishing 80 books in a Little Black Classics series. These consist of short (c. 60 pp.) extracts from its Penguin Classics series.

Conspicuous by its absence is any extract from a book by Evelyn Waugh, who must be one of Penguin’s consistently best selling authors, with several books in print under its colophon from as early as 1937 ([easyazon_link identifier=”0316926078″ locale=”US” tag=”theevewausoc-20″]Decline and Fall[/easyazon_link], No. 75). Other 20th Century novelists whose works were selected include Katherine Mansfield, H. G. Wells and D. H. Lawrence.

Waugh was included in Penguin’s last decennial celebration in 2005, marking 70 years with 70 “Pocket Penguins.” Waugh’s entry was No. 66, “The Coronation of Haile Selassie” , a 57-page extract from Remote People. His omission from the current batch of celebratory booklets may be due to his date of birth (1903). Those qualifying were all born before 1900. The youngest author represented is Wilfred Owen (1893-1918). Would it be churlish to wonder whether an author’s work had to be out of copyright to qualify for this latest round?

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Cousin Jasper Cited in Cambridge Varsity

The Cambridge University student paper, Varsity, has cited Jasper Ryder’s advice to his cousin Charles on how to succeed at Oxford:

“You want either a first or a fourth. There is no value in anything between. Time spent on a good second is time thrown away.”

This appears in Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited (Penguin, p. 28). Varsity’s correspondent (Bret Cameron) thinks that Waugh’s advice may be sound for the exceptional student. He thinks that the less exceptional, however, in which he includes himself, will be happier spreading themselves around numerous activities offered by a university such as Cambridge, rather than concentrating on achievement of academic success or failure. He might have noted that this is what Waugh himself did and, contrary to Cousin Jasper, passed at Oxford with a poor third. If only Waugh had not bothered cramming in his last few weeks, he might have become exceptional and pulled off a fourth.

Earlier in the week, another Waugh character was prominently cited in a review of a book about modern architecture. This was Otto Silenus, the practitioner of Bauhaus architecture in Decline and Fall (Everyman, p. 101):

“The problem of architecture as I see it…is the problem of all art—the elimination of the human element from the consideration of form. The only perfect building must be the factory, because that is built to house machines, not men.”

The reviewer in City Journal (an urban policy quarterly), warns that planners devoted to the philosophy of Silenus, such as Robert Moses and Edward Logue, have damaged many US urban environments. This is a result foreseen by Waugh in his novel of 1928.

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Two Waugh Letters on Offer

Two Evelyn Waugh letters will be offered for sale at a Bonhams auction to be held on 18 March.

One, to Stella Morrah, expresses regret that she will be unable, due to illness, to accompany him to a dance that evening. He wonders if she might be available to attend a dance the following Saturday. the letter is dated New Years Eve 1919 when Waugh would have been 16. The recipient is described in the notes as the sister of Times correspondent Dermot Morrah. Stella later married Norman Edyvean-Walker, identified as a solicitor in Rugby, where she was active as an amateur artist. Waugh’s handwriting is clear and precise and bears little resemblance to that of his adult years. He signs it E. A. Waugh, so perhaps they were not close friends. She is not mentioned by his biographers. Letters from this period of Waugh’s life are scarce. The only one published in the 1980 collection that predates this one was written to his brother Alec in 1914.

The second letter is to Graham Greene and is dated 6 June 1950 from Piers Court. The reverse side of the letter is posted on the Bonhams website. Waugh mentions his wife’s upcoming confinement for the birth of their seventh child and declines a proposal made by Greene that he change publishers in France. He says he has just returned from a trip to Italy where he visited Harold Acton and went to Verona, Parma and Mantua for the first time. He proposes that Greene join him on a trip to Jerusalem in the autumn. Waugh made such a trip in early 1951 to research an article for Life magazine, but it seems that Greene did not accompany him. Letters, 345-46.

Thanks to R. M. Davis for letting us know about a blog post about the letters at Fine Books Magazine.

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Lodge Memoirs (more)

In this week’s New Statesman, journalist and academic John Mullan reviews the memoirs of David Lodge (see earlier post) and Antonia Fraser (My History: A Memoir of Growing Up).

He sees the two writers as a contrast between “prole” and “posh,” respectively, using their relationships to Evelyn Waugh as an example of their differences:

The young David Lodge relishes the novels of Evelyn Waugh that he borrows from Deptford Public Library; Fraser knows Waugh as a family friend. Lodge goes to Germany to stay with a rackety aunt; Fraser holidays in Italy with the country’s prime minister. Lodge studies T S Eliot at university; Fraser dances with him at a ball.

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Waugh on Greene

In a Guardian column earlier this week, Robert McCrum cites Evelyn Waugh in support of his somewhat eccentric choice of Graham Greene’s The End of the Affair as one of the 100 greatest novels in English.

McCrum admits Greene has written better books but finds Affair the best combination of his several strands of work — from entertainments and politics to polemics and religion. He cites Waugh in support of his choice:

Waugh’s review of The End of the Affair of 6 September 1951 in the magazine Month stands up well to the test of time. In his new novel, writes Waugh, “Mr Greene has chosen another contemporary form, domestic, romantic drama of the type of Brief Encounter, and has transformed that in his own inimitable way.” Waugh added that the story was “a singularly beautiful and moving one”.

The article also quotes from Waugh’s correspondence urging Greene not to give up on his religious themes but, as McCrum notes, Affair was Greene’s last book to contain any serious consideration of religion.

An earlier McCrum post explains why he also included Scoop
on his list.

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