A Tale of Three Novelists: Heygate, Waugh and Williamson

Posted on August 30, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

A copy of Evelyn Waugh’s first printed book changed hands last month. This was one of 50 copies of P.R.B: An Essay on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, 1847-1854 printed on order in 1926 by a Stratford firm where Waugh’s friend Alastair Graham was employed. Somehow, this copy fell into the hands of Waugh’s later nemesis, John Heygate, who eloped with Waugh’s first wife in 1929. Here’s the announcement of the sale from Antiques Trade Gazette:

Billed as a copy inscribed by the man who stole its author’s first wife at a party given by Anthony Powell and Constance Lambert, the top lot in a July 27 sale held by Stride & Son (18% buyer’s premium) was one of 50 copies of the 1926 first edition of Evelyn Waugh’s first book, P.R.B: Essay on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

Bid to ÂŁ6000, three times the top estimate, in Chichester, it was a copy warmly inscribed (possibly in 1952) by the Northern Irish-born journalist and novelist Sir John Heygate (1905-76) to Henry Williamson.

The latter’s most famous work, Tarka the Otter, had been published in 1928, and Heygate’s inscription apologises for not having a book left of his own to give to his old friend, but hopes he “
will accept this, what I believe to be Evelyn Waugh’s first printed book”.

Divorce proceedings between Evelyn Waugh (‘He-Evelyn’) and the first Mrs Waugh, Evelyn Gardner (‘She-Evelyn’), began in 1929. Heygate was cited. He married Gardner a year later but they divorced in 1936.

Heygate had been portrayed as John Beaver in Waugh’s A Handful of Dust of 1934 and much later as Sir Piers Tofield in Williamson’s epic, 15-volume Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight series of books.

Here’s a transcription of Heygate’s note to Williamson which apparently appeared on the book’s endpaper and was included in the sale:

Not having a book of my own left to give my old friend, Henry Williamson, on the occasion of his first visit to Bellarena, and to celebrate an [sic] friendship having successfully survived more than the average succession of misunderstandings (super-sensitivities ?), and, alas, not very likely now to write anything but this sort of stuff, I hope he will accept this, which I believe to be Evelyn Waugh’s first printed book. John Heygate 1952

The three novelists had a mutual history dating back to Waugh’s meeting with Williamson in 1928 on the occasion of the latter’s receipt of the Hawthornden award for Tarka the Otter (Diaries, 11 November 1928).  Waugh received the award in 1936 for Edmund Campion. Waugh later appears as a character (Tony Cruft) in Williamson’s Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight. This is in volume 11, The Power of the Dead (1963), where Williamson includes a fictional version of the breakup of Waugh’s marriage. This is all described in some detail in my article “Evelyn Waugh as a Fictional Character” in EWS 30.1 (Spring 1996) and summarized by Martin Stannard in his Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh edition of Vile Bodies (v. 2, p. xl, fn. 59).

One can only wonder where Heygate’s copy of Waugh’s P.R.B. given to Williamson  was acquired. It is assumed that it wasn’t a copy inscribed by Waugh to the original buyer or gift recipient since no such inscription is mentioned in the seller’s catalogue.

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Summer Bank Holiday Roundup

Posted on August 27, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

–D J Taylor in the latest issue of Literary Review has written a review of the new biography by Patrick Donovan. This is entitled Arnold Bennett: Last Icon. It was mentioned in a previous post.  Here’s an excerpt from the beginning paragraphs:

Evelyn Waugh gestures at some of the clouds of gossip column glory that hung around [Bennett] in the closing pages of Decline and Fall (1928), where Paul Pennyfeather, now back at Oxford, narrowly avoids being run over by a chauffeur-driven Rolls-Royce containing the mysterious figure of Philbrick, one-time butler at the north Wales private school at which Paul has previously drudged. ‘Who was your opulent friend?’ Pennyfeather’s chum Stubbs enquires. ‘Arnold Bennett,’ Paul mischievously returns. Waugh, naturally, is having a little fun with an Olympian figure whom he would have regarded as the last word in staidness, but as a piece of cultural positioning the scene is highly convincing. Bennett, it is safe to say, was exactly the kind of writer who would have been seen bowling along Oxford High Street in a Rolls-Royce as the undergraduates scattered before him. Like many another mainstream novelist from the early 20th century, when mass communications and mass literacy combined to expand literary audiences, he made no bones about enjoying the fruits of bestsellerdom. In this lay the seeds of his altogether catastrophic undoing.

–Duncan McLaren has posted a new article that, as he puts it, tells the story of  Unconditional Surrender as related on the book covers published by Penguin. “The 5 covers take you into the books in very different ways.”  Here’s the link: olderevelyn.org.uk/styled-2/ Duncan adds: “As this was Waugh’s last novel, perhaps it is appropriate to read it in conjunction with this earlier piece on Decline and Fall and Penguin which was posted about previously.” Here’s the link to that: evelynwaugh.org.uk/styled-136/index.html.

–The long-running  “Londoner’s Diary” of the Evening Standard (also Arnold Bennett’s book reviewing venue) has this story about a more recent member of the Waugh family:

Daisy Waugh becomes a yogi
What would grumpy Brideshead Revisited author Evelyn Waugh make of granddaughter Daisy’s latest career move? Also a novelist, she has now qualified as a yoga teacher. “Yoga’s not aerobics, it’s a way of seeing the world,” she tells The Spectator in an article.

Thanks to Dave Lull for suggesting this.

—The Monthly reviews a recent Kate Atkinson novel which has some themes that will resonate with with Waugh readers:

The overture to Shrines of Gaiety (Penguin) plays outside a jail with a release. The finale plays inside the same jail with a hanging. In between, there’s a slippery tale teeming with characters zipping across a fabulous stage: set by Baz Luhrmann, clothes by Liberty, cocktails (and drunks) by Evelyn Waugh, murders by Agatha Christie. It is 1926, just before the General Strike, and the Soho clubs are redefining London nightlife. Kate Atkinson has happily drawn on a real London nightclub owner, Kate Meyrick, for the fictional character Nellie Coker. As Coker does, Meyrick owned a handful of clubs in Soho, each catering for different tastes and classes but attracting the same criminal and constabulary interest. She was imprisoned (with hard labour) for various offences. Her main offence was possibly being a smart and tough woman who made real money.

Meyrick inspired the character of Ma Mayfield in Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited.

–The Daily Telegraph has posted an obituary of Charles Villiers who recently died at the age of 59. His final years were spent researching and writing a biography of his grandmother Lady Mairi Bury, a noted supporter of appeasement in its day. An earlier book was an account of his own 8 year divorce proceeding which had received extensive press coverage. Neither seems to have yet been published. Another incident recounted has a Wavian  element:

After attending the University of Edinburgh, where he read History, he visited the Falkland Islands just as the Falklands War ended. A letter of introduction to Governor Rex Hunt led to a rather comical mix-up. Hunt thought Villiers had been sent from Whitehall, so he presented him to the officers’ mess to acquaint him with the island’s military structure.

To his great surprise, Villiers was sent out to lead an infantry patrol the next day. His only military experience had been in the Officers’ Training Corps at Eton. The gaffe was never discovered, but Villiers compared the experience to events in Evelyn Waugh’s novel Scoop.

–Finally, in a recent Guardian interview of novelist Irvine Welsh, this appeared:

Which novels inspired you?
Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour trilogy influenced me a lot; even though the characters had a completely different background to mine, I found the psychology of male schadenfreude and competitiveness really well observed. A background pulse [to wanting to write] came from the big Scottish books that made everyone go, whoa, this is great: William McIlvanney’s Laidlaw, Kelman’s The Busconductor Hines, Alasdair Gray’s Lanark, Janice Galloway’s The Trick Is to Keep Breathing…

Welsh’s statement on Sword of Honour is consistent with one he made a few months ago to an Irish paper which was mentioned in a previous post.

UPDATE (27 August 2022):  The Guardian interview of Irvine Welsh was inadvertently omitted and has now been added.

 

 

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Summer Dog Days Roundup

Posted on August 20, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

–Writer Antonia Fraser is interviewed in a recent Daily Telegraph article. This is on the occasion of her 90th birthday this month. The interview is by her cousin and bridge partner Harry Mount (also editor of The Oldie). When he asked her about her memories of Evelyn Waugh, she replied that:

…he was a great friend of her father’s [Frank Pakenham]. When Antonia started working for the publisher George Weidenfeld in 1953, it hadn’t been long since one of his previous employees, Clarissa Churchill, had married the future prime minister Anthony Eden.

Waugh later said to Antonia, ‘The last person who had your job married the prime minister. See that you do better.’ Antonia says to me, laughing, ‘The jury’s still out on whether I did.’

Her first husband was politician Hugh Fraser and her second, playwright Harold Pinter.

—The Sunday Times in its latest edition carries the results of its survey of writers and critics to determine what were their favorite novels written since the publication of Ulysses in 1922. This is entitled: “Ranked: The 50 best books of the past 100 years — do you agree?” Their “jury” included 16 panelists, not many of whom could be considered household names (at least in my vicinity)–except for John Carey, Sarah Waters, Sebastian Faulks and Anne Enright, As described in the article:

Between them they have read thousands of books, and their choices reflect this: the oldest book was published in 1924, the most recent in 2009. […] Our process was simple but fair. Each member of the panel wrote a list of their 20 favourite novels, and we totted up the votes. The resulting selection is, we think, a comprehensive introduction to the very best writing in English of the past 100 years. Four of our panel — Anne Enright, Johanna Thomas-Corr, Diana Evans and Peter Kemp — will discuss the list at the Cheltenham Literature Festival, at 3.30pm on October 10.

Some writers (for example, Virginia Woolf and Marilynne Robinson) have two books selected. The most votes seem to have gone to The Great Gatsby, which is, I suppose, no surprise. One of Waugh’s novels was selected:

47. Brideshead Revisited (1945)

Evelyn Waugh
So beloved that its title evokes blissful images of punting, picnics and youthful optimism, Brideshead Revisited tells the story of the young Charles Ryder, who is seduced (maybe metaphorically, maybe literally) by his fellow Oxford student Lord Sebastian Flyte. Charles takes refuge in the Flyte family estate, Brideshead, where sensuous ennui is the order of the day. In rich, sumptuous prose, Waugh traces the crumbling of their carefree youth.

Other British writers of Waugh’s generation included George Orwell (1984), Graham Greene (The Power and the Glory), Aldous Huxley (Brave New World), Elizabeth Bowen (The Death of the Heart) and Sylvia Townsend Warner (The Corner that Held Them).

—House and Garden magazine has also compiled a recommended reading list. This focuses on the narrower category of 11 novels that “featured brilliant houses.” Their Waugh choice is also Brideshead:

Perhaps the most famous “big house” story ever, this novel tells the story of middle-class Oxford graduate Charles Ryder and his relationships with the aristocratic inhabitants of Brideshead Castle. Filled with arches and broken pediments, it is thought to have been inspired by Madresfield (featured in the June 2014 issue of House & Garden), though in the subsequent TV adaptation of 1981, Castle Howard in Yorkshire stood in for Brideshead, and did so again when the a film version was released in 2008.

Others on their list include Pride and Prejudice, Gatsby, Rebecca and A Room with a View. I would have thought Howard’s End a more appropriate choice for a Forster novel featuring a brilliant house.

—The American Conservative posts an article entitled “Rethinking Salman Rushdie” which attempts to place his book The Satanic Verses into a more objective perspective than have many of those commenting on his recent attack in New York State:

…most critics of The Satanic Verses don’t think the book should be banned or its author beheaded. They are saying that human beings should be more respectful of each other’s convictions. Religion shouldn’t be treated as something banal. Art shouldn’t be flippant.

These are moral judgements; they are also literary criticisms.

And they’re perfectly fair. If Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited ended with Charles Ryder still mocking the Flyte family’s Catholicism, it would fail as a novel—not because Catholicism is true (though it is), but because mocking other people’s religion is childish. And it’s boring. It doesn’t make for good art.

Rushdie’s defenders obviously don’t care about his literary merits, though. This has nothing to do with art and everything to do with politics. They only care about “free speech.” They reduce The Satanic Verses to a propaganda piece. This does a disservice to Rushdie’s craft. It misses the whole point of literature. It also undermines the cause of free speech.

The article also considers the terrorist attack on the staff of Charlie Hebdo as another example of what might be called free speech martyrdom overreach. The article is thoughtful and well-presented but is unlikely to change many minds of those who have defended Rushdie’s novel.

–This letter regarding post code snobbery appeared in a recent edition of The Times:

POSTCODES OF CHOICE
Sir, Such was his postcode snobbery that Evelyn Waugh apparently walked up the hill from his family home in Hampstead Garden Suburb to post his letters so that they would have an upmarket Hampstead postmark, NW3. As a resident of the south London equivalent to Hampstead, Dulwich (postcode SE21), I decry its relocation to Crystal Palace (SE19) in Bricks & Mortar yesterday.
Janet Clegg
London SE21

The Waughs lived in what was called Golders Green when numbers were added to postcodes. It was referred to as North End Road,  “London NW” or  “Hampstead NW” before then. Their address received the postcode number NW11 in 1919 which was considered inferior to NW3 that applied to neighboring Hampstead. Whether Waugh ever mislabelled his mail or trudged up the hill to Hampstead is more apocryphal than historic. See previous post. The letter’s author doesn’t mention the source of her aversion to Crystal Palace–perhaps she is a Charlton Athletic supporter.

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Waugh Website Expansion

Posted on August 18, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

Duncan McLaren has rearranged his Waugh website in order to accommodate new entries. This involves creation of a new website where he will include all material relating to Waugh’s war and postwar life and writings (from 1939). Original material relating to this period already posted on the existing site will be transferred to the new one.  He has already posted two new articles. These are on two of the novels in the war trilogy: Officers and Gentlemen and Unconditional Surrender. Here’s the introductory section of the Unconditional Surrender article:

Officers and Gentlemen was finished in November 1954. Evelyn Waugh had meant to get on with the third book in the war trilogy soon after, but things hadn’t quite worked out that way. The composition of The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold, a couple of years after the paranoid experience of it, plus the move from Piers Court, Gloucestershire, to Combe Florey, Somerset, took up 1956 and 1957. The close relationship to Ronald Knox, his final illness and death, and taking upon himself the task of writing an official biography: The Life of the Right Reverend Ronald Knox, kept Evelyn busy throughout 1958. A trip to Africa followed by a pot-boiling account of the trip, A Tourist in Africa, took chunks out of 1959. All this ‘distraction’ had occupied Evelyn for five years. Hence it was only in March 1960, that he began to turn his mind to writing the third volume of his novel memorialising his own experience of World War Two.

In 1940, he had been 37, getting a bit old in the tooth to be a soldier. In 1960, he was 57, getting a bit old in the tooth to be writing about it with zest. Or so he feared. Evelyn knew himself to be a man who had played hard and fought hard, and had become decidedly old for his years. But how was the booze-riddled bonce? Could he still master his material? Could he still structure a novel? Could he still bear in mind the architecture of the whole while making each subsidiary part shine, glow and dazzle? Perhaps he pondered all this as he made a start to phase three of what he would later describe as his magnum opus. A term he’d also used for Brideshead Revisited.

For future reference, the link to the new site is olderevelyn.org.uk

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Roundup: Inez, Cecil and Paddington Bear

Posted on August 13, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

–In this week’s New Statesman, D J Taylor reviews the life and work of Inez Holden, an early friend of Evelyn Waugh in the days of the bright young people. The article opens with this:

Inez Holden’s diary – a mammoth undertaking, only fragments of which have ever escaped into print – carries a rueful little entry from August 1948. “I read Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh,” the diarist writes. But the tale of Charles Ryder’s dealings with the tantalising progeny of the Marquess of Marchmain, here in an unfallen world of Oxford quadrangles and stately pleasure domes, awakens a feeling of “nostalgic depression”. This, Holden decides, is simply another of “those stories of High Life of the Twenties which everyone seemed to have enjoyed but I never did”.

By this point in her career, Holden … was a 20-year veteran of the London literary scene – and also of some of the more spangled redoubts beyond it. She starts turning up in magazine columns in the late Twenties: not as a writer but as an ornament of the hot-house enclosure stalked by the small group of party-goers and well-heeled socialites known as the Bright Young People. Evelyn Waugh’s diary for May 1927, written when he was briefly attached to the Daily Express, mentions “a charming girl called Inez Holden who works on the paper”.

The press photograph of the “Impersonation Party” …  a legendary Vile Bodies-era rout in which each guest came as somebody else, depicts a throng of exotic cross-dressers. Stephen Tennant masquerades as Queen Marie of Romania. The actress Tallulah Bankhead, white-costumed with racquet in hand, imitates the tennis player Jean Borotra. In the middle of the tableau sits a small and inconspicuous girl in a Breton jersey. Of the celebrities stationed nearby, Elizabeth Ponsonby (the archetype of Waugh’s Agatha Runcible) and Harold Acton are clearly having the time of their life, but Holden looks nervous, ill at ease, a rabbit caught in the flashbulb’s intoxicating light.

Holden’s book reviewed by Taylor was published last year by Handheld Press and is entitled There’s No Story There: Wartime Writing’s 1944-45.  It includes a “novel” originally published in 1944 and based on Holden’s experience working in a wartime munitions factory as well as three short stories from the same period.

—The Spectator has an article about the importance of marmalade to British culture:

It took Paddington Bear to solve the age-old mystery of what the Queen keeps in her handbag. When Her Majesty pulled out a marmalade sandwich during the pair’s sketch at the Platinum Jubilee concert this summer, it did more than just tickle the audience. It also served to remind us of our national love affair with marmalade.

Long before Paddington developed a taste for it, the preserve had been a stalwart of British popular culture, from Jane Austen (where Lady Middleton applies marmalade as balm for her daughter’s scratch) to Evelyn Waugh (where, in Brideshead Revisited, Charles Ryder eats ‘scrambled eggs and bitter marmalade with the zest which in youth follows a restless night’) – not to mention Samuel Pepys, Agatha Christie and Ian Fleming. During the second world war, Winston Churchill is said to have stressed the need to keep the boats of marmalade oranges coming to maintain national morale.

–Cecil Beaton’s diaries have been adapted for the stage. The adaptation is by Richard Stirling and is reviewed in TheStage.com. Here is an excerpt:

…Beaton was a noted diarist and Richard Stirling has taken verbatim extracts of the diaries to create a fascinating portrait of the man and his motivation. Cecil Beaton’s Diaries has been thoughtfully curated to present the many different and not always complimentary aspects of Beaton’s life and work. A product of the wealthy middle classes, Beaton was terrified at the prospect of mediocrity but soon gained acclaim as a fashion photographer on both sides of the Atlantic. […]

Stirling’s portrayal gives us an honest, entertaining personal account of a life lived firmly behind the camera lens. Brittle and uncompromising, Stirling’s Beaton is also painfully aware of his shortcomings and regrets lost loves as age and ill-health bear down. Despite his glamorous clientele, he appeared to remain that nervous, softly spoken schoolboy, terrorised by Evelyn Waugh and destined to find the beauty in others.

The adaptation is being performed in Edinburgh at Greenside@Nicolson Sq where it will run through 28 August. Although not mentioned, it is probably offered as part of this year’s Edinburgh Festival.

–As reported in The Independent newspaper, British Airways has announced direct service to Georgetown, Guyana beginning next March. Waugh’s connection with that country is cited in the story:

The former colony was described by the writer Evelyn Waugh as one of the “gobs of empire” – along with the French and Dutch possessions on the shoulder of South America, Guyane and Surinam respectively. A map of the country is enticing. The road from Georgetown to the Surinam border, for example, passes through the settlements of Success, Paradise, Profit and Whim.

Waugh wrote about his travels in what was then British Guiana in his 1934 travel book Ninety-Two Days. A fictional version appeared in his short story “The Man who Liked Dickens” and the novel A Handful of Dust. He returned for a visit in 1962 and wrote about it in The Sunday Times: “El Dorado Revisited” (EAR, p. 592).

–Novelist Sebastian Faulks is interviewed in the Guardian’s series “The Books of My Life.” Here’s an excerpt:

The author I came back to
I couldn’t stick Evelyn Waugh at first, but I got there eventually by reading the Sword of Honour trilogy in 1991, when we were living in a remote farmhouse in Italy with our first child, who was a year old. Afterwards, I found A Handful of Dust and my ear became attuned to his prose. I still wish he’d used that gift on more worthwhile subjects, but there you go.

 

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Roundup: Eliot, Milton and Stonewalling

Posted on August 6, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

–The current issue of the Journal of the T S Eliot Society (UK): 2022 contains an essay entitled “Different Voices: Evelyn Waugh and The Waste Land.” This is by William Myers who is presumably the author of Evelyn Waugh and the Problem of Evil (London: Faber, 1991). He was born in Dublin in 1939, educated at Oxford and retired as Professor of English at University of Leicester in 1999. Copies of the Journal are available from this link.

–An article entitled “Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited (1945) and Milton’s Areopagitica: The Satirist in Spite of Himself” by Clay Daniel was recently posted on the internet. It originally appeared in ANQ: Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews but no date of publication is provided. Here’s a link to the online version.

–The literary critics of the Independent newspaper have compiled a list of the “40 best books you need to read before you die”. One of the choices is Brideshead Revisited:

Evelyn Waugh bottles the intoxicating vapour of a vanished era in this novel about the middle class Charles Ryder, who meets upper class Sebastian Flyte at Oxford University in the 1920s. Scrap the wartime prologue, and Charles’s entire relationship with Sebastian’s sister Julia (Dear Evelyn, Thank you for your manuscript, a few suggested cuts…) and you’re looking at one of the most affecting love affairs in the English language (Chris Harvey).

—The Spectator has posted a list of what its writers are reading on their summer holidays. Here’s an excerpt:

Peter Jones
Most of my holidays have been taken giving talks about the ancient world to travellers on boats, an extremely agreeable way of passing the time but not without its duties and obligations. My reading matter therefore takes me back into familiar comfort zones, guaranteeing irresponsible, honest pleasures on every page, exemplified by P.G. Wodehouse (High Stakes) and Evelyn Waugh (Scoop).

–Gareth Roberts also in The Spectator has an article in which he explains how “stonewalling” by government officials and others seeking to avoid unfavorable news has recently been carried to new heights. Here’s an example where Waugh is cited:

The Biden administration has escaped from recession simply by changing the definition of recession, with Big Tech in the shape of Wikipedia rewriting its definition to suit. This is something you might expect to find in one of Evelyn Waugh’s travelogues of failed states of the 1930s.

 

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Roundup: From MoI to Antifa

Posted on July 28, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

–University of London has posted a history of Senate House, a large modern building on its campus near the British Museum. It housed the Ministry of Information (“MoI”) during WWII. Waugh features in the discussion:

Literary descriptions of Senate House while the Ministry was in situ are less than flattering, with Evelyn Waugh’s character in Put Out More Flags finding it difficult to enter the building, thinking that ‘all the secrets of all the services might have been hidden in that gross mass of masonry.’ Graham Greene described ‘the Ministry’ as a ‘high heartless building
 where the windows were always open for fear of blast and the cold winds whistled in’ (Penguin New Writing).

George Orwell, whose wife worked in the building in the later years of the war, also used Senate House as the model for his Ministry of Truth in 1984.

— Jake Kerridge writing in the Daily Telegraph discusses changes novelist Ben Okri recently made to his 2007 novel The Last Gift of the Master Artists. The article begins with this:

A novel is not always finished when it’s finished: books can worry away at their authors for years after publication. Evelyn Waugh revised Brideshead Revisited (1945) in 1959, shearing it of some of the lush, ornate prose that had been a reaction against wartime privations. Jeffrey Archer rewrote his 1979 debut Kane and Abel in 2009 to give it the benefit of three decades’ experience as an author, removing many candidates for The Oxford Book of Terrible Sentences….

Revisions to Brideshead were implemented from its very beginning. Waugh made substantial changes to the page proof which he nevertheless distributed without the revisions as Christmas presents in 1944. Less substantial changes were also made in later UK editions before the 1959 rewrite. In the US, his 1944 corrections were included in the 1946 trade and book club editions, but there were no further changes I am aware of until after his death–i.e., the 1959 revisions probably did not appear in US editions (such as numerous Dell paperback reprints) until the 2000s.

—The Spectator writes about the recent turmoil in Sri Lanka and opens the discussion with this quote from a Waugh novel:

In Evelyn Waugh’s classic satire Black Mischief, the fictional African country of Azania welcomes an English delegation from the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, at a gala dinner. In the after-dinner speech, given by the Azanian Minister for the Interior, it becomes clear that there is a slight misunderstanding about the Society’s objectives:

‘It is my privilege and delight this evening to welcome with open arms of brotherly love to our city Dame Mildred Porch and Miss Tin, two ladies renowned throughout the famous country of Europe for their great cruelty to animals. We Azanians are a proud and ancient nation, but we have much to learn from the white people of the West and North. We too, in our small way, are cruel to our animals
’At this point, Waugh explains that the Minister ‘digressed at some length to recount with hideous detail what he had himself once done with a woodman’s axe to a wild boar’.

I sometimes think that the mess that countries like Sri Lanka get themselves in is perhaps due to a similar ‘lost in translation’ phenomenon…

–Novelist Julian Barnes recently gave a talk about his book collecting experiences. This was in connection with Christies’ charity auction (“First Editions, Second Thoughts”) in aid of English PEN (which is, I assume, an affiliate of PEN International). Here’s an excerpt that involved some of Waugh’s books:

I had always assumed that those who loved books were high-minded and honest, rather in the way that I’d always assumed that gardeners were high-minded and honest. Then I discovered that some of the latter would carry concealed secateurs and have poachers’ pockets sewn into the inside of their coats for the contraband they would pick as they made their way round rare and famous gardens. I was at the Lilies [a large upscale British secondhand book store] and spotted a book I had sought for a very long time: a first edition of Evelyn Waugh’s second novel, Vile Bodies. In matters of Evelyn Waugh, I was, and still remain, a completist – for instance, I own a copy of the first Belgian edition, with pages uncut and original wraparound band, of Waugh’s Scoop, published under the title Sensation! (Do I hear a sharp intake of envious breath? Perhaps not.) I took the copy of Vile Bodies from the shelf, opened it, observed the very reasonable price, and realised that it was in fact a second impression. Well, I didn’t want that. Then I read the pencilled name of the original owner:  John Hayward, the editor, bibliophile and close friend of T. S. Eliot. And beneath it was a note in his hand reading ‘left on my shelves in place of my own first edition.’ I was deeply, genuinely shocked. I imagined the thief laying his plans, coming fully prepared with his copy of the second edition in the equivalent of a poacher’s pocket, and quickly, surreptitiously, swapping them over.

Thanks to Dave Lull for sending a link. A complete copy of Barnes’ presentation can be viewed at this link.

–The religious journal Crisis magazine has an article on the origin of the term “anti-fascist” and the newer form “antifa”. It opens with this quote from a Waugh short story:

One way to shed light on the term antifa is to look back to 1949, when the Anglo-Catholic writer Evelyn Waugh published his quasi-autobiographical short story “Compassion,” set in rural Yugoslavia during World War II. Depicting a well-meaning albeit hapless British liaison officer forced to work with some obnoxiously pushy Communist partisans, Waugh contrasts the down-to-earth if naive mindset of a middle-class Englishman with the narrow-minded ideology informing socialist guerilla cells. At one point, for instance, the Communists invite Major Gordon to a celebration:

“The Anti-Fascist Theater Group was organizing a Liberation Concert and had politely asked him to supply words and music of English anti-fascist songs, so that all the allies would be suitably represented. Major Gordon had to explain that his country had no anti-fascist songs and no patriotic songs that anyone cared to sing. The Commissar noted this further evidence of Western decadence with grim satisfaction. For once there was no need to elaborate. The Commissar understood. It was just as he had been told years before in Moscow.”

The “anti-fascist theatre group” is also mentioned in Waugh’s novel Unconditional Surrender (p. 296) in which much of the text of “Compassion” was used, with Guy Crouchback standing in for Major Gordon. In the novel an “anti-fascist choir” also performed.

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Gerhardie, Waugh and Boyd

Posted on July 25, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

Novelist William Boyd has written an essay for The Spectator about the influence of William Gerhardie’s novels on several British novelists of the interwar period. It is entitled “Evelyn Waugh’s sincerest form of flattery.” Here’s an excerpt from the beginning:

Graham Greene, Anthony Powell, Olivia Manning, Katherine Mansfield and many others later testified to the impact that reading [Gerhardie’s] early novels made on them. Evelyn Waugh was no exception. In a letter written later in life when Gerhardie had hit hard financial times and the literary world was getting up a collection of funds for him, Waugh sent in his check and added: “As you no doubt recognized, I learned a great deal of my trade from your own novels.” Waugh read Gerhardie when an undergraduate at Oxford — Waugh’s first novel, Decline and Fall (1928), was very Gerhardian. In the 1930s Waugh admitted to a mutual friend, “I shall never be as good as he. I know I have great talent, but he has genius.”

As a near obsessive reader of Waugh’s work and as someone with an intense curiosity about the man he was, I found these admissions — these confessions — both surprising and revelatory. Waugh was not the sort of person to consign himself happily to second place, and I felt there must be a clue to the formation of his particular tone of voice and the Wavian view of the human condition in this oblique and very unusual praise. It wasn’t Waugh that took me to Gerhardie, but as I read my way through Gerhardie’s many novels, particularly the early ones, I was repeatedly struck by how closely Waugh’s sense of humor and his take on life resembled Gerhardie’s. It seemed to me that a more forensic examination of the older writer’s influence on his younger contemporary might be worthwhile.

I decided to look closely at two books published not far apart: Gerhardie’s third novel, Jazz and Jasper (1928), and Waugh’s second, Vile Bodies (1930). Jazz and Jasper is an oddity. It was commissioned as a serial by Lord Beaverbrook (a great champion and new friend of Gerhardie) and designed to run in the Daily Express. It never did, in fact, though Beaverbrook paid Gerhardie the $350 he promised (about $25,000 today). When the book eventually appeared as an orthodox novel it was something of a success, but not an overwhelming one. It’s a measure of Gerhardie’s fame at the time that the cover of the first edition was simply a portrait of the author’s face. It’s hard to imagine that happening today — let alone ever — for a new work of fiction.

Boyd goes on to discuss in some detail particular passages and themes of Vile Bodies, elements of which can be traced to Gerhardie’s novel Jazz and Jasper (in America Eva’s Apples). He also notes Gerhardie’s distaste for Virginia Woolf (some one whom Waugh rarely praised) and discusses the influence of Gerhardie’s novel on the comedy of Scoop. Boyd also notes that Gerhardie greatly admired the works of Chekhov and helped introduce Checkhovian influences into English writing. Boyd’s article concludes with this:

Eventually, Gerhardie’s career went into a slow and relentless decline, though he regarded his failing fortunes with stoical resignation. He published no new writing in the last thirty-seven years of his life — as Evelyn Waugh’s star inexorably rose. Today, the one is justly feted, and the other is unjustly forgotten. To paraphrase T.S. Eliot: “Mature novelists steal — and good novelists make what they take into something better.”

The full article is recommended and can be read at this link. There is a paywall but you may register for The Spectator’s three free articles per month if you don’t want a subscription. Unfortunately, Gerhardie’s 1928 novel Jazz and Jasper, which I believe was his third, was apparently never reprinted under that title or its US title (Eva’s Apples). You may find it in reprints entitled Doom and My Sinful Earth. His first two novels–Futility and The Polyglots–as well as some of the later ones have also been reprinted and are readily available from Amazon.com  and second hand booksellers.

UPDATE (25 July 2022): Additional titles of reprint editions of Jazz and Jasper were added.

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New Complete Works Volumes Announced

Posted on July 21, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

Oxford University Press has announced a new round of volumes in its ongoing Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh. These include the following:

Robbery Under Law, v. 15, ed. Michael G Brennan

This is the first fully annotated critical edition of Waugh’s book on Mexico, Robbery Under Law: The Mexican Object-Lesson (1939), based on three months’ research by Waugh in the country in 1938 and rarely included in later reprints of Waugh’s travel writings. Waugh insisted in its opening words: ‘This is a political book’; it traced the expropriation of British and American oil interests in Mexico by its repressive Marxist government. It described the current political and social inequities suffered by both its Mexican citizens and foreign companies trading there and also provided a powerful account of the history of Catholic persecution in the country. Its narratives offered an implicit but potent warning about the barbarity of totalitarian regimes as war in Western Europe grew increasingly likely.

The book includes for the first time the detailed contract drawn up between Waugh and the Pearson family, who tacitly commissioned the work in response to the Mexican government’s expropriation of their extensive oil interests.

Michael G Brennan is Professor of Renaissance Studies at the School of English, University of Leeds. He has published various books and editions on the writings and history of the Sidney family of Penshurst Place, Kent, and on English travellers on the Continent between 1450 and 1700. He has also published widely on twentieth-century literature, including books on Graham Greene, Evelyn Waugh, and George Orwell.

The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold, v. 14, ed. Dr Barbara Cooke.

In winter 1954, Evelyn Waugh took a voyage to Sri Lanka to escape the English cold and recover his ailing health. Visibly unwell when he boarded ship, once at sea he began suffering auditory hallucinations that pursued him through his ‘holiday’ and back on to an early flight home. He then fictionalized his experiences as The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. This curious novel has baffled and intrigued critics ever since its first publication in 1957 and is now presented in a full critical edition. This new volume charts the creation and publication of the novel and examines its cultural and literary significance, noting every textual change and revision from manuscript to the last edition to be published in Evelyn Waugh’s lifetime. It has a comprehensive appendix of contextual notes and an extensive scholarly introduction covering all aspects of the history of this text and its place in cultural and literary history. It draws on newly discovered material relating to Evelyn Waugh’s breakdown, including Waugh’s engagement diaries, to tell the story behind the narrative and explain how fantasy and painful reality intertwine in this highly biographical work of fiction.

Dr Barbara Cooke is a Lecturer in English at Loughborough University and Co-Executive Editor of the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh. She also serves as a volume editor on the edition and as an Editorial Board member of the Complete Works of Ford Madox Ford, for which she is co-editing two volumes of letters. She has also published biographical writing on Waugh and guidance on how to manage a large editorial team.

Edmund Campion, v. 17, ed. Gerard Kilroy.

Evelyn Waugh originally wrote his Edmund Campion to thank Martin D’Arcy, SJ, and to help with the building of Campion Hall, but his experience of Communist oppression in Mexico and Croatia transformed his understanding of Campion’s life, revealing Campion less as an Elizabethan martyr than as part of ‘the unending war’ between the church and the totalitarian state. Waugh wrote a passionate new ‘Preface’ for the American edition of 1946 and made important changes to each of the three subsequent editions, culminating in the beautiful third edition of 1961. This new edition provides extensive biographical and contextual notes to help the reader unfamiliar with early modern history and records the many manuscript revisions and the book’s reception both sides of the Atlantic. The introduction explores the personal impact of Waugh’s friendship with the Asquith and Herbert families and examines the cultural context of a brief period of confidence for English Catholicism, energized by the canonization process (in which Waugh’s own daughters were involved), which coincided with the publication of the five editions of the book from 1935 to 1961. Waugh received the Hawthornden Prize for the book just before he took part in the opening of Campion Hall; the book offered him a Jesuit hearth in the ‘household of the faith’ and gave a new theological direction to his writing, characterized by Brideshead Revisited, Helena, The Sword of Honour trilogy, and Ronald Knox. The book reveals the serious and passionate depth of an author sometimes seen only as a satirist and emerges as one of the best objets d’Arcy, which Waugh continued to give to friends till his death.

Gerard Kilroy, has an MA from Magdalen College, Oxford in both Classics and English. After a PhD at Lancaster, his first book was on the circulation of manuscripts connected with Campion. He won a prize from English Literary Renaissance for his ‘Advertising the Reader: Sir John Harington’s ‘Directions in the Margent’ (2011), a study of the role of the queen’s godson in subversive publishing in manuscript and print. His biography of Edmund Campion, A Scholarly Life used many recently discovered manuscripts in Prague and Cieszyn, Poland, to provide a meticulously researched picture of Campion’s life. He lectures on religious ideas and biblical sources in Shakespeare. The book was edited with the assistance of Thomas M. McCoog, SJ

The foregoing descriptions were adapted from the publisher’s announcement. OUP and Amazon.co.uk are accepting advance orders for copies, with an estimated UK publication date of 27 October 2022. US publication is set for 27 January 2023.  It should also be noted that OUP has not stated that these are the only new volumes to be released on these dates.

UPDATE (2 August 2022): US publication date was added.

 

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Harold and Robert and Evelyn

Posted on July 19, 2022 by Jeffrey Manley

The latest issue of Valet magazine (No. 4) has an article by Waugh biographer and Waugh Society member Duncan McLaren entitled “An Oxford Cartoon”. As he explains in the introductory paragraphs, it is inspired by a drawing that accompanies the article. This is:

… a 1929 cartoon drawing by Mark Ogilvie-Grant of three strikingly dressed men, based on the relatively unknown artist’s memory of his famous contemporaries Harold Acton, Robert Byron, and Evelyn Waugh in an Oxford college room in 1923 or 1924. One suspects that Ogilvie-Grant’s motive for drawing it was his perception that he had been witness to a culturally significant moment, the dawn of the era of the ‘Bright Young Things’—the bohemian writers and artists who excited widespread bemusement and amusement as Britain bounced back from World War I.

Duncan goes on to describe how the three undergraduates (Harold and Robert and Evelyn) formed a sort of triumvirate of aesthetes in which Harold was the leader and the other two his followers. After Oxford they remained in a looser confederation and managed to each produce a “significant” publication in 1928: Humdrum (Acton–first novel), Decline and Fall (Waugh–first novel) and The Station:Athos (Byron–first serious travel book). After that, the group tended to unravel as their careers diverged. Acton lived and taught in China, while Waugh and Byron wrote in England and travelled to distant and disparate places. As Duncan explains, Waugh and Byron soon developed an antipathy to each other but remained in touch with, if not enthralled by Acton who wrote mostly history and poetry. Acton actually found housing for Byron in China after his oriental travels in the 1930s.

Byron died at sea during the war but Waugh and Acton (now living in Italy) remained in contact. Acton however records becoming more and more disenchanted with Waugh due to his increasing drunkeness and gratuitous rudeness. Duncan explains how their relationship gradually wound down.

The article is in the current issue of Valet magazine which can be purchased online. There is no digital edition. A copy of the Oglivie-Grant drawing that inspired the article can be viewed on Duncan’s website at this link. (Scroll down,)

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