The Oxford Novel (more)

In a recent post, we considered a discussion of novelist William Boyd about “the Oxford novel” (as well as well as other novels associated with particular cities). More recently, a new literary periodical–the Oxford Review of Books–has taken up the subject. This is on the occasion of a new edition of one of the classic Oxford novels–Max Beerbohm’s Zuleika Dobson. The article by John Phipp also considers other works in this genre, starting with Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure, deemed to be the quintessential story of the Oxford outsider.

There is also discussion of two novels about Oxford that appeared just after the war: Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited and Philip Larkin’s less read Jill. Larkin’s novel also describes the story of an outsider (or an “excluded insider” to be more precise) whereas that of Waugh views things from the other perspective. According to Phipp:

…Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited and Philip Larkin’s Jill, published in 1945 and 1946 respectively, give radically different perspectives on the University. Jill is a picture of an excluded insider: John Kemp, a fiercely intelligent boy from a poor northern town, wins a scholarship to Oxford. There he finds himself sharing a room with Christopher Warner, a bully from a minor boarding school, who is prone to florid, sporadic acts of violence. Kemp’s one desire is to be accepted by Warner’s privileged southern set, who spend freely, doss off their work and drink every night.[…]

Brideshead is more phenomenon than book, a novel that was consumed by its own reputation until the title became an epithet. I never read Brideshead Revisited as an undergraduate because I was petrified I might be caught reading Brideshead Revisited as an undergraduate.

In Jill, John Kemp attends something that is recognisable as a university. He takes an entrance exam, gets lost upon arrival, attends tutorials and writes essays. In Brideshead there’s no mention of the entrance process, the rituals of college life, the academic labour. For John Kemp, Oxford is an event. For Waugh’s protagonist, Charles Ryder, it is just what happens: school breaks up for summer holidays, and by mid-September there you are at Christ Church.

[…]

In Brideshead, the portal that opens into an exalted world of privilege is not the college door (as for Jude), or an invitation to tea (as for John Kemp), but the ground floor window of the narrator’s room, through which Flyte is one day violently sick. It is a startlingly similar entrance to one made by Charles Warner, the private-school mastiff in Jill, who stumbles into a bedroom and throws up in the bin. Both Warner and Flyte are drunk, privileged and utterly indifferent. They are the same thing viewed from different angles, their creators both subject to the parallax displacements of class. Larkin sees in Charles Warner that the privileged are careless, and that this unconcern permits their acts of violence. But Waugh was able to paint the allure of that same carelessness more vividly, so he got the TV show.

Before returning to the subject of Zuleika Dobson, the article considers the most recent entry to the genre, Alan Hollinghurst’s The Sparsholt Affair (2017). Not mentioned however are the novels of J I M Stewart in his Staircase in Surrey series or Colin Dexter’s Inspector Morse novels (although the latter were more town than gown). And even though women students were thinner on the ground in the pre 1960s, there were novels about the Oxford experience by writers such as Dorothy Sayers and Barbara Pym. The article is on the whole quite a good survey of the genre and bodes well for the success of this new publication.

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Brideshead Festival: Two Interviews

Victoria Barnsley, who is organizing this summer’s Brideshead Festival at Castle Howard, is interviewed about the event by two newspapers. David Behrens files the report of his interview in the Yorkshire Post. Here are some excerpts:

…“I’d been thinking of having a literary festival here for some time,” said Ms Barnsley, a publisher by profession, who used to be chief executive of HarperCollins. Jeremy Irons, who played Charles in the TV series, will return for the weekend event in late June, along with Waugh’s grandson, Alexander – but the romantic seclusion of the original scene will be disturbed by the presence of paying guests camping in the grounds.

“Sacred and profane” was how Waugh had characterised Ryder’s infatuation with the Flyte family, and the recreation will attempt to summon up the same spirit, with punting on the lake, weather permitting, and a 1920s themed jazz party on the Saturday night, as well as the return of wine tasting to the temple.[…] “There will be a lot of authors and novelists here as well as TV and film people,” Ms Barnsley said. “Literary festivals don’t usually focus just on one book and one author, but we want to put a contemporary slant on it by looking at the legacy of Evelyn Waugh and the influence he’s had on writers today.”

The idea for the event came from the Granada producer Derek Granger, who returned with his cast to Castle Howard a few years ago to pose for pictures in the magazine Vanity Fair. He will be back again for the festival, by which time he will be in his 100th year. Claire Bloom, who played Lady Marchmain in the series, and its director, Charles Sturridge, are also expected to attend.

Some of those associated with the 2008 cinema remake, which starred Matthew Goode, Ben Whishaw, Michael Gambon and Emma Thompson, and which was again filmed at Castle Howard, will also be there.

If demand dictates, the estate will open its walled gardens to glamping – short for glamorous camping – for the first time, but Ms Barnsley thinks most guests who come for the weekend will stay in York or the nearby village of Hovingham. Bookings have already come in from Ireland, Paris and the USA.

Ms Barnsley was also interviewed by Eleanor Doughty for the Sunday Telegraph where her story is entitled: “Was Castle Howard the inspiration for Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead?” This opens with a quote from Waugh:

‘It was impossible to foresee, in the spring of 1944, the present cult of the English country house.” So wrote Evelyn Waugh, in a 1959 preface to a new edition of his novel Brideshead Revisited. “It seemed then that the ancestral seats which were our chief national artistic achievement were doomed to decay like the monasteries in the 16th century. So I piled it on rather.”

What would Waugh make of the modern country house? And how would he assess the fortunes of Castle Howard? The house, thanks to an Eighties television adaptation filmed there, is closely associated with the book he called his magnum opus.

After a discussion of recent events (including Christmas plans) at Castle Howard, which Ms Barnsley runs with her husband Nicholas Howard, they arrive at the subject of the upcoming festival. According to Doughty:

[…] The television series has given the impression that Castle Howard was the inspiration for the novel’s Brideshead, a subject that [Ms Barnsley] and I, Waugh fans, debate. “Maybe I’m biased,” she says with a laugh, but “Brideshead is Castle Howard! It’s baroque, it has a dome and a fountain.” Waugh describes the Brideshead fountain as “frightful…all rocks and sort of carved animals…such as one might expect to find in a piazza in southern Italy.”; the fictional pile is where Waugh’s protagonist, Charles Ryder, has his “conversion to the baroque.”

Still, no one is quite sure. There is only one record of Waugh visiting the house, as he recorded in his diary on Feb 4 1937, it was a “pleasant unrestful Holy Week, visiting Castle Howard and entertaining dumb little boys and monks” [at nearby Ampleforth.] “We are convinced he did know the house,” says [Ms Barnsley]. I can’t see otherwise where the dome, the fountain and the baroque came from.”

Doughty then concludes with a discussion of the history of the house and recent renovations, with some additional background supplied by Ms Barnsley

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General Election Roundup

Waugh is cited recently in news reports relating to the Conservative Party’s victory in last week’s general election:

–In the Sunday Times, Andrew Gimson, author of the book Boris, The Making of a Prime Minister, writes of Johnson’s ability to find the funny side of potentially troublesome political situations and to turn them to his advantage. One of the early examples involves a novel by Waugh::

… as a schoolboy at Eton, while reciting the first page of Decline and Fall by Evelyn Waugh, which begins: “Mr Sniggs, the junior dean, and Mr Postlethwaite, the domestic bursar . . . ”, Johnson said “Sniggs” in such a way as to make people laugh, and then turned to the prompter and said: “What’s his name again?” This brought the house down, with even the provost of Eton, Lord Charteris of Amisfield, who liked things done properly, roaring with laughter.

For the past 40 years Johnson has been one of the most entertaining figures of his generation. He sprang to fame by performing with a kind of dazed ineptitude on Have I Got News for You, which the audience found much funnier than if he had rehearsed his lines. […] Those who think politics has at all times to be conducted in a solemn tone of voice underestimated this joker’s chances of reaching Downing Street, let alone of enjoying an electoral triumph once he got there. They thought, and in most cases still think, he is a disgraceful figure. These puritans cannot bear the theatre of politics, and whenever they find it doing a roaring trade, their instinct is to shut it down.

–In the Economist’s Bagehot column, a similar analysis is offered, also with some help from Waugh:

Evelyn Waugh once complained that the Tories had never succeeded in turning the clock back for a single minute. But this is exactly why they have been so successful. The party has demonstrated a genius for anticipating what Harold Macmillan once called “the winds of change”, and harnessing those winds to its own purposes.

There are three other weapons in their electoral armory. In addition to the willingness “to dump people or principles when they become obstacles to the successful pursuit of power” and to rely where need be on patriotism, the third weapon is, harking back to Gimson’s analysis, the party’s

…  jollity. The Conservatives have always been the party of “champagne and women and bridge”, to borrow a phrase from Hilaire Belloc, whereas the Liberals and Labour have been the parties of vegetarianism, book clubs and meetings. Conservatives are never happier than when mocking the left for its earnestness.

–While not directly relating to the election, Waugh is quoted, in the context of food politics, on margarine’s decline in popularity as people increasingly prefer butter. This is in an article posted by the Middle East and North Africa Financial News Service (MENAFN,com):

In a column penned by Evelyn Waugh for The Spectator in 1929 , margarine represents a general post-war lack of good taste. During the war, writes Waugh, ‘[e]verything was a ‘substitute’ for something else’, the upshot being ‘a generation of whom nine hundred and fifty in every thousand are totally lacking in any sense of qualitative value’ as a consequence of ‘being nurtured on margarine and ‘honey sugar’.’ Such a diet, according to Waugh, makes them ‘turn instinctively to the second rate in art and life’.

The quote is from Waugh’s 13 April 1929 article “The War and the Younger Generation.” CWEW, v26, p. 184. See previous post.

–Finally, as we approach the year’s end, publications are posting their “best of year” choices on various topics from their contributors. Our own frequent contributor Dave Lull has sent these extracts from Catholic World Report relating to readings for the year. Thanks to Dave once again for his latest offering:

[. . .]

Brideshead Revisited, Evelyn Waugh. I have read Brideshead three times, and continue to extract more of its beauty and truth each time I read it. Interestingly, I have struggled to extract more of the third transcendental, goodness. Brideshead is a book about the goodness of God, and his ability to sanctify those who will at least open themselves up a smidgeon to His grace. But it is not really about characters who themselves exemplify goodness. The novel examines the narrow victories of grace in the lives of those who, generally, have not been good, but who at some decisive moment allow their hearts to be invaded by the goodness of God, having been enticed to this moment of surrender by beauty and truth.

Father Charles Fox is an assistant professor of theology at Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit.

[. . .]

Timothy D. Lusch:
 
[. . .]A reduced ego is not something detectable in Auberon Waugh’s journalism. But his crisp, cutting commentary in Brideshead Benighted never grows stale, even if the underlying details have gotten moldy.
[. . .]

Joseph Martin:

Five books about journalists and journalism:

The Same Man: George Orwell & Evelyn Waugh in Love and War by David Lebedoff

Scoop by Evelyn Waugh
[. . .]
Tracey Rowland:
 
[. . .]

The Operation of Grace: Further Essays on Art, Faith, and Mystery, Gregory Wolfe, The Lutterworth Press, 2016.

This is a collection of short literary essays that would make a great “stocking-filler” for a liberal arts student. Throughout the collection there are references to Walker Percy and Flannery O’Connor, C.S. Lewis and T.S. Eliot, Tolkien and Evelyn Waugh, and the founder of the movement Communio e liberazione, Luigi Giussani. There are also charming and most uncommon juxtapositions of writers like Trollope and theologians like Romano Guardini.
[. . .]
Piers Shepherd:

[. . .]

A more modern literary classic which, amazingly, I had never read before this year is Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited. This novel vividly captures the life of one of the old Catholic recusant families living in an estate house in the west of England, trying desperately to hang on to a vanishing way of life. But what I really love about Waugh is his humour.

Of the various non-fiction works I read in the course of the year, one of my favourites was The Conservative Bookshelf: Essential Works that Impact Today’s Conservative Thinkers by Chilton Williamson. This is a guide to 50 books that every traditional-minded person should read. Beginning with religious works like the Bible and Augustine’s City of God, the book goes on to recommend works of politics, economics, fiction, and social commentary. From classical works like Cicero’s The Republic, to C.S. Lewis’ Abolition of Man, to fictional works by T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Evelyn Waugh, and William Faulkner, to latter-day polemical works like Pat Buchanan’s The Death of the West, this book is a definitive guide to conservative thought.

[. . .]
Father Thomas G. Weinandy, OFM., Cap.:
[. . .]

Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh.

I read Waugh’s work when I was a college student many years ago, but, coming back to it, I gained a new appreciation of it. What struck me is the importance of Catholic culture in the midst of sinful and weak Catholics. All of the flawed main characters are in many ways struggling with their faith or, for all intents and purposes, have abandoned it. Yet, in the end, the Catholic culture that made up their lives supported their weak faith and so carried them back to the Faith. It is a lesson of where sin abounds, grace abounds even more.

[. . .]

 

 

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Waugh in Slovenia

Waugh’s novel Scoop has recently been published in Slovenian, the language spoken in what was once the northernmost province of former Yugoslavia.  The translation is by DuĆĄanka Zabukovec who also wrote an Introduction. The book is published by Cankarjeva zaloĆŸba, Ljubljana, under the Slovenian title Ekskluziva: roman o novinarstvu. The translator contributed this note to a list of forthcoming publications:

Evelyn Waugh or how a novel about a deadly serious profession has become entertaining

The British writer Evelyn Waugh has devoted the first half of his career to satire and also achieved his first major successes in the genre. The novel Scoop proves that it is possible to be free-spirited and extremely serious, an elegant and top-notch stylist, and, on the other hand, irresistibly funny, compelling, surprising – almost a century after the first edition of the novel.

Translation of the quoted passage is by Google with a few edits. At least two other Waugh novels have been published previously in Slovenian translations: Vnovič v Bridesheadu (Brideshead Revisited) in 1988, translated by Janez GradiĆĄnik, and Prgiơčie prahu (A Handful of Dust) in 1961, translated by JoĆŸe Fistrovič.

 

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TLS: Cities and Writers/Officers and Novelists

A few weeks ago, the TLS published an article by novelist William Boyd (“Footless giant: A visit to Kafka’s Prague”) about his recent trip to that city. It opens with this:

…it being Prague, my thoughts turn almost instantly to Franz Kafka. This powerful association between city and writer is reinforced when I open the hotel minibar and in it find a kind of circular biscuit, a chocolate-covered hazelnut-brittle wafer (yours for 60 crowns, about ÂŁ2) emblazoned with the writer’s soulful, big-eyed face in tasteful sepia contrasted with the black and gold of the wrapping. “Prague Kafka Oblaten” it says.

This type of immediate connection applies to other writers and other cities, naturally. Dublin and James Joyce; Bath and Jane Austen, Buenos Aires and Jorge Luis Borges, Chicago and Saul Bellow come to mind. As a notional parlour game one can posit other less obvious ones: Lyme Regis and John Fowles; St Petersburg and Andrei Bely; Trieste and Istvan Szabo [sic]. Or would that be Trieste and Joyce? Or Trieste and Richard Burton? Or Trieste and Rilke? It could be an extension of the game to pitch writers against each other to see who gets to stake the literary claim. What about Edinburgh? Walter Scott or Ian Rankin? Or Robert Louis Stevenson? Or Muriel Spark? – though the last two hightailed it out of their city as soon as was feasible. And who would claim Oxford? Evelyn Waugh? P. D. James? Max Beerbohm? Or New York. Or London. Or Key West. Hours of harmless fun on offer.

This discussion resulted in a letter in later issue of TLS on the Oxford pairing. This is from Gerald Rabie of London NW11 (Golders Green). He wonders where Boyd has “been living these past forty years? Has he never heard of Colin Dexter?” He refers, of course, to the author of the Inspector Morse novels (and ITV serial) about the Oxford police detective. One does wonder how P D James got onto the list since most of her fictional detective’s time is spent (as I recall) in East Anglia and London. Some thought must also have been given to J I M Stewart who wrote a 5 novel series about Oxford called A Staircase in Surrey. And while, like Brideshead Revisited, not entirely devoted to Oxford, Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure contained a very moving section set in that city.

Anticipating several of the comments above, and in response to Mr Rabie’s letter, William Boyd sent his own letter which appeared in the 13 December TLS issue (which arrived in the USA after the foregoing comments were posted):

Of course Gerald Rabie is absolutely right about Colin Dexter’s association with Oxford.[…] I’m pleased he’s caught the spirit of the parlour game. But, if Dexter, what about Philip Pullman? Or Percy Shelley, C S Lewis, Iris Murdoch, J R R Tokien, Anthony Powell, Lewis Carroll, J I M Stewart (Michael Innes), Compton McKenzie, Dorothy L Sayers, and Edmund Crispin? One could go on and on. Where has Mr Rabie been all these years.

Boyd also seems to get a bit muddled when considering writers connected with another Hapsburg city. This is Trieste which he associates primarily with Istvan Szabo (a filmmaker, not a novelist). He must have confused that name with Italo Svevo who is, indeed, a writer closely associated with Trieste where he set his most widely read novel (Confessions of Zeno) and was a friend of James Joyce. Szabo could properly be matched with yet another Hapsburg city–Budapest.

Also in a recent TLS, there is a review of four WWII novels recently republished by the Imperial War Museum. See previous post. One of these is entitled Trial by Battle and is written by David Piper. The TLS review by Sean O’Brien, makes this observation about that book:

The sense that the death knell of empire has sounded intensifies when the troops come ashore into a military situation that, although they are slow to recognize or admit to it, is already beyond saving. The terror and nightmarish confusion of jungle combat, for which the Allied troops are wholly unprepared, are brilliantly conveyed. Piper’s writing bears comparison with David Jones’s account of the assault on Mametz Wood during the first battle of the Somme in In Parenthesis (1937), and with Ernst JĂŒnger’s depiction of trench warfare in Storm of Steel (Stahlgewittern, 1920). Communications collapse, and the scattered remnants of the Allied forces attempt a doomed fighting retreat. Here again the book survives a testing comparison, in this case with Evelyn Waugh’s narrative of the German invasion of Crete in Officers and Gentlemen (1955). […] There is worse to come for the Allies. In the rigorous frankness of his writing, Piper makes it clear why so many veterans said little or nothing about their experiences.

UPDATE (25 December 2019): The 13 December issue of TLS arrived after the above was posted. It contained a letter from William Boyd addressing several points raised in the above posting. This has been added to the post. Another letter in the same issue (from Mitch Abidor, Brooklyn, NY 11234) made the a similar comment to that above relating to the confusion of Italo Svevo and Istvan Szabo.

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Brideshead Festival (more)

The organizers of this summer’s Brideshead Festival have released more details about the event. See previous post. These are contained in a press notice dated today from which the following is copied:

To mark the 75th anniversary of the publication of Evelyn Waugh’s novel, Brideshead Revisited, The Brideshead Festival will celebrate and interrogate the ongoing appeal of this seminal novel and its screen adaptations.

Bringing together the worlds of literature, film, TV and heritage, the Festival is the brainchild of former publisher, Victoria Barnsley, and promises to be one of the most exciting new additions to the cultural calendar in 2020.

The Festival will take place from 26th to 28th June 2020 at Castle Howard, Sir John Vanbrugh’s baroque masterpiece that became synonymous with Brideshead when it was used as the location for the agenda-setting 1981 TV adaptation and the subsequent feature film in 2008.

Published in 1945, Brideshead Revisited is arguably Waugh’s most popular novel, having won legions of fans around the world in its 75 year history. The Festival will explore the place the book holds in the hearts of readers and viewers and the novel’s themes of youth, sexuality, nostalgia, decadence, religion and class.

Speakers will evaluate Waugh’s place in the cultural canon of 20th century literature and the relevance of the novel for today’s audiences. Taking a modern-day perspective, presenters will also look at the impact of the TV adaptation on the imagination of generations of viewers and the role literary adaptations play in today’s cultural landscape. Members of the original cast and crew will join well known writers, novelists and commentators in the festival line-up.

A host of other festival activities will pay homage to scenes and themes in Brideshead including a Teddy Bear’s Picnic, a Wine Tasting at the Temple of the Four Winds and an immersive Brideshead Party. Bespoke Brideshead tours will offer a look behind the scenes of the iconic adaptations and a specially commissioned Sound Installation will focus on Castle Howard’s place in the Brideshead story. Echoing the theme of plenty in the novel, food and drink will be a particular feature with local producers and well-known chefs providing Brideshead-inspired culinary experiences.

Victoria Barnsley who runs Castle Howard with her husband Nicholas Howard comments;

“I am delighted to be launching The Brideshead Festival. It has long been an ambition of mine to celebrate Castle Howard’s connection to Brideshead, and what better time to do it than its 75th anniversary. We look forward to bringing together a vibrant mix of speakers and performers to interrogate and interpret this brilliant work and its screen adaptatons in the wonderful setting of Castle Howard.”

Readers in the USA with Amazon Prime membership can currently stream all episodes of the 1981 TV series on Amazon.com without additional cost. It can be annoying to find the right link but persistence will be rewarded.

 

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Roundup: Connolly’s Choristers

–The London Review of Books in its latest edition has as one of its articles a review of D J Taylor’s Lost Girls. See previous posts. This is by Ysenda Maxtone Graham. Here is an excerpt:

There’s a hilarious sort of squawking Greek chorus running through the book, in the shape of Evelyn Waugh and Nancy Mitford’s gleeful letters to each other commenting on the life and love affairs of the circle. After Taylor’s painstaking examinations of his characters’ changes of mind and heart, it’s pleasing to have these goings-on witheringly summed up, and belittled, by Waugh and Mitford, who saw the absurdity in everything and everyone. Here’s Waugh’s description of the Horizon office: ‘horrible pictures collected by Watson [Peter Watson, financial backer of Horizon] & Lys & Miss Brownell working away with a dictionary translating some rot from the French’. Here’s his summing up of Sonia marrying Orwell (Waugh and Mitford’s nickname for Connolly was ‘Boots’, short for ‘Smartiboots’): ‘Boots’s boule de Suif what was her name? Sonia something is engaged to marry the dying Orwell and is leaving Horizon so there will not be many more numbers to puzzle us.’ He was right. Horizon closed down in January 1950, bringing these bombastic words from Connolly: ‘It is closing time in the gardens of the West and from now on an artist will be judged only by the resonance of his solitude and the quality of his despair.’ Taylor calls those words ‘horribly disingenuous’: it was really Connolly’s own laziness that brought the magazine to a close. Waugh was not all cynicism: he did say (later) that Horizon was ‘the outstanding publication of its decade’.

Taylor’s book was published last September in the UK and will be released next February in the USA. It will be reviewed in a future issue of Evelyn Waugh Studies.

–The online magazine Mental Floss has posted an article called “12 Surprising Things About Evelyn Waugh.” Many of them will not particularly surprise our readers, although this one contains information not much discussed:

3. EVELYN WAUGH WAS INCREDIBLY OLD-FASHIONED.

According to NBC producer Edwin Newman, who filmed a TV interview with Waugh in 1956, the novelist wished he had been born 200 or 300 years earlier. He loathed the modern world and its technology; he refused to fly in a plane or learn to how to drive a car. He resisted using the telephone in favor of writing letters, which he did with an old-fashioned pen dipped in ink. His quirky eccentricity informed his conservative political leanings and his opposition to reforms in the Catholic Church, of which he was a devout convert.

The references come from Edwin Newman’s book Strictly Speaking where he recalls a visit by him and an NBC TV crew to Waugh’s home at Piers Court. This took place in late June 1955, not 1956 as Newman remembered. The pretext for the timing of the interview was the forthcoming publication of Waugh’s novel Officers and Gentlemen. Waugh noted it in his Diaries and was not particularly happy about it. The filming and recording sessions took all day and the results appeared in two parts on later NBC programs:

“Today” show on July 12, 1955 he was interviewed at his home.

“People” show September 25, 1955 presented film profile sketches of interesting people. He talks of his life and his work as a novelist.

Further details relating to the content of these programs are not known.

–On the booksblog The Millions, Jedediah Britton-Purdy posts a description of his recent reading. After a discussion of his completion of all 12 volumes of Anthony Powell’s Dance to the Music of Time, with which he sometimes struggled, he mentions this:

It was in that headspace that I found myself reading Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited—looking for a sort of light Powell when I couldn’t take the denser stuff, like turning to Pullman from Milton. I didn’t know Waugh when we came across his first novel, Decline and Fall, in a tiny cache of English-language books in Greece last year, and his spare-nobody satire and perfect sentences made ideal beach reading. Brideshead is a strange book, like a religious interlude in the midst of one of Powell’s lives, as coruscating and deft as any of the satires, but walking a drunken path to some kind of mystical Catholicism. Whatever Waugh thought of this book, to me it read like the work of someone perfectly in command of his tools but overwhelmed by his themes, like a master costume-jewel whose workshop has been lifted by a tsunami.

–Finally, the London information website Londontopia posts an article relating to the history of the northwestern suburbs that came to be known as Metroland based on the services of the Metropolitan Railroad along which they stretched. In the literary section, their debt to the attentions of John Betjeman are mentioned but Evelyn Waugh is also credited with a contribution:

As Metroland began to take root in the public consciousness, the developments worked their way into media as early as the end of World War I.  It was about that time that George Sims penned the line “I know a land where the wildflowers grow/Near, near at hand if by train you go,/Metroland, Metroland!” into one of his songs.  By the 1930s, Evelyn Waugh was using the term in his novels Decline and Fall, Vile Bodies, and A Handful of Dust.  More songs soon followed such as “My Little Metro-land Home” all the way up to “Queensbury Station” by The Magoo Brothers in 1988, which makes many references to the area.

Waugh’s contribution took the form primarily of his naming of a character Margot Metroland who appeared in several of his novels.

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Auctions Update

Southeby’s has announced the sale of the collection of letters from Evelyn Waugh to Richard Plunket Greene. See previous post. This was Lot 140 in the auction conducted 3-10 December. It sold for ÂŁ15,000 which was the low end of the estimate.

Earlier in the month, Bonhams announced the sale of items from the archives of John Heygate. See previous post. Lot 390 consisting of letters from various sources to Heygate, many of them discussing Evelyn Waugh, went for ÂŁ3562, including premium. Lot 377 containing letters from Anthony Powell to Heygate went for ÂŁ3187 and Lot 392 containing 20 books from Henry Williamson inscribed to Heygate went for ÂŁ1657, both including premium. Lot 391 consisting of 450 letters from Williamson to Heygate apparently did not sell.

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BBC To Rebroadcast “Frankly Speaking” Interview

BBC Radio 4 has announced plans to rebroadcast the 1953 interview of Evelyn Waugh which is said to have contributed to his temporary madness as described in the novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. Here’s the announcement:

Brideshead Revisited author Evelyn Waugh is grilled about his life and career by Charles Wilmot, Jack Davies and Stephen Black. Regarded as one of the most brilliant novelists of his day, Waugh loathed the BBC. His grandson Alexander believes that this interview, along with a cocktail of sleeping draughts, helped to send him “rather mad”. The author later turned his experience on Frankly Speaking into a scene in his novel ‘The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold’ with Stephen Black becoming the character Angel who haunts Pinfold in his hallucinations.

Launched in 1952 on the BBC Home Service, Frankly Speaking was a novel, ground breaking series. Unrehearsed and unscripted, the traditional interviewee/interviewer pairing was initially jettisoned for three interviewers firing direct questions – straight to the point. Early critics described it as ‘unkempt’, ‘an inquisition’ and described the guest as prey being cornered, quarry being pursued – with calls to axe the unscripted interview. But the format won out and eventually won over its detractors.

Unknown or very inexperienced broadcasters were employed as interviewers, notably John Freeman, John Betjeman, Malcolm Muggeridge, Harold Hobson, Penelope Mortimer, Elizabeth Beresford and Katherine Whitehorn. Only about 40 of the original 100 programmes survive. First broadcast on the BBC Home Service in November 1953.

The rebroadcast will be transmitted on BBC Radio 4 Extra on Saturday, 21 December 2019, at 14:15 pm. It will be available worldwide on the internet shortly after the 30 minute transmission. It was last previously aired in April 2017. See previous post.

 

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Waugh in History

Former Conservative MP and European Commissioner and now Life Peer Christopher Tugendhat has written a book called A History of Britain Through Books: 1900-1964. In his introduction, he explains that the book has “two wellsprings”. The first is his own collection of books by British authors between 1900-1964 and the second is historian Neil MacGregor’s A History of the World in 100 Objects in which he uses the objects as a discussion point for history. In the same way, Tugendhat uses his books:

…as a prism through which to convey the British experience through the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. It was a tumultuous period that began with the British empire at the plenitude of its power and ended with the empire’s dissolution and the reversal of a population flow that had been in place for some two centuries. Instead of people going out from these islands to settle overseas, people from the former colonies began to come here. Because of the two wars, the build-up to them and the Cold War the nation was for much of the time facing an existential threat. It witnessed a transformation in the lives of the great mass of the people from poverty to prosperity. And it saw some traditional prejudices begin to crumble while others endured…

Tugendhat considers both fiction and nonfiction and both canonical texts and some that have been forgotten. He sets up several categories in which they are considered along with other books reflecting upon the same historic topic. This process can throw up “unexpected insights that in turn stimulate a reassessment of received opinion”. He offers three examples. The first is that it is not so much the suffragettes as it was the women in the trade union movement that brought the advancement of women’s rights. Another is reflected in John Braine’s A Room at the Top where the working class narrator and RAF airman Joe Lampton manages to secure his advancement into a middle class accountacy career by studying materials supplied by the Red Cross while being held prisoner in Germany after his plane was shot down. This wartime success story is at variance with the usual patriotic themes in the period’s writing.

Evelyn Waugh provides the third surprise. This is included in the section of Tugendhat’s book called “Imperialist Perspectives.” Waugh was, according to Tugendhat, despite his archreactionary views:

perhaps the first person to call time on the British empire in Africa […] in his 1931 travel book Remote People. One of its sections is on Kenya where, with the active encouragement of the British government, men and women from this country were between the wars building new lives in the expectation that British rule would last beyond their lifetimes. He wrote with approval of their efforts to reproduce the life of the English squirearchy in Africa and with sympathy of their colour bar and discrimination against the Africans. Yet he forecast that the European colonization of Africa might not last for more than another twenty-five years, which proved to be only a few years out.

The other Waugh books included in Tugendhat’s odyssey through these years are his novels Scoop (1938) and Brideshead Revisited (1945).These not discussed in the book’s introduction, but their relevance does appear from one of the book’s reviews. They fall into a section which comes just before the conclusion called “Diverse Perspectives”. The review in The Herald (Glasgow) explains this section as what the reviewer (Alastair Mabbott) describes as:

A final miscellany [that] draws together writings on the public school system, Elizabeth David’s pivotal book on Mediterranean cookery, Evelyn Waugh’s attitudes towards the press and the landed gentry and two contrasting takes on the Bright Young Things of the 1920s.

The other books mentioned in the quoted passage include Graham Greene’s The Old School, a collection of essays “by divers hands” published in 1934. The contrasting takes on the Bright Young People are, presumably, Michael Arlen’s The Green Hat (1924) and Noel Coward’s The Vortex (1924).

There are also several other books considered in other sections of Tugendhat’s book that have a Waugh connection. In “War 2–Warnings and Reality” the book Darling Monster: The Letters of Lady Diana Cooper to Her Son John Julius Norwich is considered and the Conclusion includes Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia, Nineteeen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm. The book’s Introduction, Contents and the first few sections can be viewed as samples on Amazon.com at the link above.

 

 

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