Evelyn Waugh, Stylist

One of our readers has sent an excerpt from a 2014 book by literary critic Terry Eagleton (How to Read Literature) that compares the writing style of Evelyn Waugh to that of John Updike. In both cases samples are taken from their fiction–Waugh’s from his 1947 short story “Tactical Exercise” and Updike’s from his novel Rabbit at Rest. The excerpt appears on the website Marxist Update in which Waugh’s prose is described by Eagleton as having:

…none of the self-conscious sculpturedness of the Updike piece, and is surely all the better for it. Waugh’s prose is crisp, pure and economical. It is reticent and unshowy, as though unaware of the skill with which, for example, it manages to steer a single sentence from ‘They reached the village’ to ‘the serene arc of the horizon’ through so many sub-clauses with no sense of strain or artifice. This sense of expansiveness, of both syntax and landscape, is counterpointed by the terse ‘Here was the house’, which signals a halt both in the story and in the way it is being delivered. ‘A train journey of normal discomfort’ is a pleasantly sardonic touch. ‘Archaic’ might be an adjective too far, but the rhythmic balance of the lines is deeply admirable. There is an air of quiet efficiency about the whole extract. The landscape is portrayed in a set of quick, deft strokes which brings it alive without cluttering the text with too much detail. Waugh’s prose has an honesty and hard-edged realism about it which show up well in contrast to Updike.

Eagleton goes on to compare Waugh’s prose to that of William Faulkner in a passage from his novel Absalom, Absalom. Faulkner’s prose is overwritten but in a different way from that of Updike.

A blogger on the website of the John Updike Society has taken issue with Eagleton:

We won’t take Prof. Eagleton to task for that rambling and redundant unpolished paragraph, for if we did, it would betray a bias against spontaneous and unpolished writing, as opposed to Eagleton’s bias against the polished. As for methodology, Eagleton contrasts Updike’s paragraphs with those of Evelyn Waugh’s, comparing apples and oranges in various ways (poet-writer vs. writer alone, American vs. British, etc.) and praising her [sic] “honesty and hard-edged realism about it which show up well in contrast to Updike.” Faulkner receives similar praise…

Eagleton has been outspoken in his leftist political views which sometimes influence his critical opinions. That influence seems to surface more in response to the social or political content of the work he is discussing than when he deals with more technical matters such as style.

The texts of all three writers under discussion are available in original posting linked above. The full text of Waugh’s short story “Tactical Exercise” is available in his Complete Stories. Thanks to Dave Lull for sending us these postings.

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Evelyn Waugh at the National Trust, Edinburgh Festival and Houston,TX

Evelyn Waugh is appearing all over the place in today’s media reports:

In the internet newspaper iNews, there is a story about problems being rained upon the National Trust, one of Britain’s once most beloved institutions. The Trust are the stewards of many of the country houses that Waugh feared would be lost when he wrote Brideshead Revisited in 1944. The article quotes Waugh’s remark in the 1959 introduction he wrote for the revised edition that “it was impossible to foresee, in the spring of 1944, the present cult of the English country house.” It was the National Trust that fostered that cult and is now struggling.

At the Edinburgh Festival, Letters Live sponsored a reading of Waugh’s 1942 letter to his wife about the disastrous Commando removal of Lord Glasgow’s tree (Letters, 160-61). This time the reading was by comedian Al Murray. The previous and more restrained reading by actor Geoffrey Palmer is far superior. See previous post.

Finally, in a chat on The American Conservative’s weblog relating to the “God is Dead” debate, a commenter noted:

Evelyn Waugh would have made much of the fact that years ago, a Houston megachurch had a restaurant called, “The Garden of Eatin’.” I presume this was birthed by that church’s advertising/PR consultants.

Houston is also noted for a major street called Waugh Drive which carries traffic across the Buffalo Bayou. The Waugh Drive Bridge over the bayou is famous for housing a large bat colony which is a well-known tourist attraction. The bayou is currently flooded by hurricane Harvey, and Waugh Drive is closed to traffic. What has become of the bat colony that lived underneath the bridge can only be imagined. One also wonders how Houstonians pronounce “Waugh Drive.” Since most Brits mispronounce their city as “Hooston,” the residents may have devised some outlandish pronunciation of the street and bridge to get their own back.

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Eating People is Still Wrong

Andrew Donaldson writing in his column in the South African newspaper The Weekend Argus discusses the current status of cannibalism. This article, written with tongue firmly in cheek, was inspired by recent expressions of concern among South African politicians about the possible return of the practice in remote and deprived parts of South Africa. Among the sources discussed in the article is Evelyn Waugh:

Also to be avoided… is perhaps reading too much into literary works on Africa such as Evelyn Waugh’s landmark Black Mischief (London, 1932). That novel concerns the Oxford-educated Emperor Seth’s attempts to modernise Azania, his fictional island homeland off the east coast of Africa. To assist him in this endeavour, he recruits one Basil Seal, a shiftless college friend and heir to an English political dynasty…Before long, Seth is deposed in a coup d’état and dies while in hiding. At his funeral feast, Basil discovers, to his horror, that he has been eating the stewed remains of his girlfriend, Prudence. He returns to England where he becomes “serious”, which disturbs his layabout friends in London. In this regard, the persistent rumours surrounding the gustatory habits of such tyrants as Uganda’s Idi Amin, Equatorial Guinea’s Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and Central African Republic’s Jean-Bedél Bokassa seem to suggest that Seth’s Azania is still very much with us.

Other comments on the practice are sourced from writings of Edgar Allan Poe and JP Donleavy and collected songs of British sailors.

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Waugh in Brazil and in National Review

The Milan newspaper Il Foglio carries an article in Italian by Marco Archetti about Evelyn Waugh’s 1934 travel book Ninety-Two Days. After a quote from the book and some biographical background, Archetti explains the trip to Brazil:

One cannot know what caused this twenty-nine-year-old Englishman–who for a long time could not decide between painting and writing, had a past of carefree brief affairs, married  a “homonym” (“She-Evelyn and He-Evelyn,” they were called) but soon separated, and had a shriveled and disgusting mussolinofilia–to cover the wild stretch between Georgetown, Guyana and the Brazilian state of Roraima, struggling with nature, insects, the fury of the elements and the imperturbability of the inhabitants of the most remote outposts . But he knows an artifact: a story that was told to him of Boa Vista. And it was enough for him, because, if it is true that he travels because, says Waugh, it is part of life, he also travels because there is always a fairy tale to light our desires as eternal children who are subject to the spell of words more than to things, to the mirage of illusion rather than to the impetuous solidity of the world.

After describing how Waugh learned of Boa Vista and made his arduous journey, Archetti then concludes with what he found when he got there:

… after tremendous crossings with suspicious stock, after the fifteen huts in Surana, dry slides, after tiredness, dust, insomnia, snakes and nausea, there was Boa Vista: a handful of dilapidated buildings. Because the truth is that no one goes to Boa Vista, no one rides its hardened mud roads that go off in dusty trails in the four directions. So it is only left to leave, enduring in silence the truth of the journey – it begins as it ends – with bitterness.

The translation is by Google with some edits and any suggestions for improvement would be welcome.

The current National Review carries a book review by Terry Teachout of recent biographies of F Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway (“Two Kinds of People”). In describing Hemingway’s legacy, Teachout is reminded of Evelyn Waugh:

The trouble with Hemingway, seen from the privileged vantage point of hindsight, is that he looks increasingly like a great influence but not a great author in his own right. No 20th-century writer would leave a deeper mark on his contemporaries, and as late as 1948, Evelyn Waugh, no respecter of reputations, unhesitatingly described him in print as “one of the most original and powerful of living writers.” Yet all but the very finest of his short stories now sound mannered and artificial, while the novels come off as little more than sustained exercises in mirror-gazing and pose-striking. I would like to like him more than I do, but the truth is that I find him almost unreadable, and my chronic distaste for his work is more than merely an allergy.

The quote comes from Waugh’s review (“Winner Take Nothing”) of Hemingway’s late work Across the River and into the Trees which appeared in The Tablet, 30 September 1950, and is reprinted in EAR, p. 391.

 

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Scoop Abides

The Spectator has reviewed the latest novel by Ned Beauman with a nod to Evelyn Waugh. The title of the novel (Madness is Better than Defeat) itself implies a certain amount of irony and the remote foreign setting will resonate with Scoop fans:

Two rival expeditions set off from the United States to the jungles of Honduras to find the temple — one with the intention of using it as a location in which to film an absurd comedy, the other determined to disassemble it and take it back to New York. The two sides clash, each refusing to give way. The weeks roll into years; and life around the temple, populated with a disparate and distinct array of characters, steadily deteriorates into greater savagery. Meanwhile, Zonulet, rogue CIA agent (and primary narrator), under internal investigation, needs to unlock the secrets of the temple to prove his innocence.

The Spectator’s reviewer David Patrikarakos remarks that the novel:

…displays literary self-awareness. Much of the action around the temple brings to mind a more sophisticated and tamer version of Lord of the Flies. Meanwhile, the book’s early action sees the young director, Jervis Whelt, summoned by the reclusive Hollywood studio head, Arnold Spindler (a man with more than a touch of the Howard Hughes about him), who promptly tells Whelt that he is being sent into the jungle. It is a beautiful set piece that cannot help but bring to mind William Boot’s dispatch to cover ‘a very promising little war’ in the fictional Ishmaelia (based on Ethiopia) at the behest of the newspaper tycoon Lord Copper in Evelyn Waugh’s Scoop.

On the Spanish language news website 20 Minutos, their literary columnist, writing as  “Regina Exlibris”, was asked to compose an article covering books about journalists. Her shortlist of 6 includes Waugh’s Scoop (Noticia Bomba! in Spanish) in the #1 position:

News Bomb! Evelyn Waugh. Anagram. A Fleet Street press mogul called Lord Copper boasts of his infallible nose in discovering talented reporters who flood his tabloid with exclusives and thus gain readership over the competition. However, because of a confusion of surnames, he sends to “cover” the civil war in a remote African republic one of the most improbable journalists for such a mission. From that misunderstanding, Evelyn Waugh launches into a fierce and hilarious satire on the world of journalism, special envoys, information, misinformation and confusion. Regarded as one of the great novels of humor of the twentieth century, it is also a vivid and corrosive portrait of the profession and the sector that will start the laughter of both those who suffer it daily and those outside its world.

Others on the list include Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. The translation is by Google.

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Lecture at Hertford College Announced

A lecture on the subject of “Waugh’s Enemies” has been announced for Mo, 25 September at Hertford College, Oxford:

Cecil Beaton, Randolph Churchill, the BBC …. English writer Evelyn Waugh was not short of enemies. He was infamous for both witty spats and long-running feuds, and many of his adversaries ended up lampooned in the pages of his novels. As Oxford University Press launches its new edition of the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh, general editor Alexander Waugh and Barbara Cooke, editor of Waugh’s autobiography, will be working over Waugh’s extensive blacklist in Waugh’s alma mater, Hertford College. This lighthearted discussion will take place in the dining hall, overseen by the portrait of Waugh’s first and best nemesis: his history tutor, C. R. M. F. Cruttwell.

The lecture is scheduled for 1500-1700pm. Entrance is free. Booking details are available here.

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Oxford Mail Surveys Complete Works

The Oxford Mail has published a feature length article on the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh. The project will launch next month with the publication of four volumes, including Precious Waughs, the first of 12 volumes of “personal writings.” These are co-edited by Alexander Waugh and Alan Bell. Alexander, who is General Editor of the project, explains to the Mail:

“I do hope the whole project can be completed in 10 years and I hope the publication of the first five volumes in the autumn will galvanise editors working on other volumes. With Brideshead my grandfather invented a way of looking at Oxford, a mellowness, and it was that TV series in the 1980s with its soft rich tones that imprinted itself on people’s minds and drove people back to the book. My daughter Mary graduated in French from Christ Church about a year ago and it wasn’t the idyllic dream of Brideshead at all – she worked extremely hard.”

The story continues with this background information:

The novelist’s biographer, Professor Martin Stannard of the University of Leicester, and the late Prof David Bradshaw, of Worcester College, Oxford, have been co-executive editors of the first five volumes, which will be published this autumn, with the next set due to appear in 2019. No other collection of a British novelist’s work has been undertaken on a comparable scale. Oxford University Press signed up The Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh in 2009.

This is the first time a schedule for the next volumes after the first five has been mentioned. There appears to be some misunderstanding on precisely when the first volumes will be issued. The Mail and OUP list the date at 14th September but the Amazon.co.uk website give 1st September as the publication date. Publication in the USA is scheduled for November. The story concludes with a mention of OUP’s local plans for marking the start of publication:

To celebrate the first five volumes, the Bodleian’s Weston Library will be hosting an exhibition of Evelyn Waugh’s Oxford, curated by Barbara Cooke, from August 26 to October 22.

The Mail’s story is accompanied by a gallery of photos and drawings. There is one photo of Evelyn Waugh signing books in an Oxford bookshop which I do not recall having seen before and several drawings from the childhood diaries which may be appearing for the first time.

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The Loved One in Gay Hollywood; D&F in the Antipodes

The Intro and “Outro” discussions of the film version of The Loved One from the recent broadcast on the Turner Classic Movies cable channel have been posted on YouTube. Appearing are Dave Karger from TCM and writer William J Mann. The film was presented on TCM as part of its Gay Hollywood series. The two speakers first note the unusually large number of homosexuals involved in the production which they describe as a “nonstop parade of fairies” and wonder rhetorically whether there was anyone involved who wasn’t gay. They then focus on the outstanding performance of John Gielgud as Sir Francis Hinsley and recall the scandal in the early 1950s when he was rumbled while cottaging in London. In the discussion following the film, they analyse the performance of Rod Steiger (one of the few participants not known to be gay) as Mr Joyboy who is portrayed as a “flaming fairy”. They do not mention that the character in the book does not come across as so flamboyantly gay.

Another Waugh adaptation is now available in New Zealand. This is the BBC’s 3-part TV series version of Decline and Fall. According to Sam Brooks writing on the NZ entertainment website The Spinoff, the best thing about the overall praiseworthy series is Eva Longoria’s portrayal of Margot Beste-Chetwynde:

She takes a while to appear (about half an hour and eight seconds into the first episode, by my incredibly scientific measure) but once she does she’s a breath of fresh air. … Longoria is the clear highlight of the series, which is mostly populated with a menagerie of British actors who you’ve definitely seen in something – probably Harry Potter – but can’t quite remember their names or who they’ve played. She plays Margot with an affable amorality (but I am sad to report no silly accent) that is intentionally jarring in this context.

Margot is at odds with the world around her, and Longoria does this with a one-foot-in-one-foot-out approach; there’s no way she doesn’t know what she’s doing, but the appearance that she doesn’t is enough to sell it. Also, the same knack she had for a one-liner in Desperate Housewives helps her here. There’s a scene where she has to audition some performers that ranks among the best of her career, and it’s where her spikiness feels liveliest against the relative softness of the other performers.

 

 

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Waugh Cited in Reports of Barcelona Incident

Several papers have reported that the Spanish terrorist cell responsible for the recent mayhem in Barcelona intended to use their explosives to attack the Holy Family Church, another of that city’s popular tourist sites. These reports have spread across the press spectrum from the Scottish Daily Record and New York Post to the Daily Telegraph and Catholic Herald and have in more recent articles received some confirmation. Blogger Steve Sailer has noted the Daily Record’s report on the conservative website Vdare.com (best known for its anti-immigrant position) and adds a quote from Evelyn Waugh to the story by way of background:

The astonishing sand-drip castle Holy Family church has been under construction since 1882. Evelyn Waugh wrote in 1930:

“I feel it would be a graceful action on the part of someone who was a little wrong in the head to pay for its completion.”

It is said to be on track for completion in 2026, the centenary of Antoni Gaudi’s death…

Waugh seems to have been unaware of Gaudi’s work before he visited Barcelona in 1929 as a stop on his Mediterranean voyage prior to the break-up of his first marriage. His essay on Gaudi first appeared as an article in Architectural Review in June 1930 and was later incorporated into Chapter VII of his account of the voyage in Labels published later that year. He was quite impressed by the several examples of Gaudi’s works which he saw in his 2-day visit and wished he could have stayed longer and seen more. The state of the Holy Family church at the time of his visit is ironically described in the essay:

It seems to me certain that it will always remain a ruin–and a highly dangerous one unless the towers are removed before they fall down. (Labels, p. 179).

Fortunately, that has not proved to be the case.

Sailer has previously commented on Waugh’s work and may be the first to have written about the connection between The Loved One and Billy Wilder’s film Sunset Boulevard. See earlier posts.

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Handful, Oxford and North End Road

Author Gill Hornby in her Daily Mail column takes up the literary genre of expat novels. This is in response to two of her children expatriating themselves:

We Brits didn’t only build the model for expat life, we’ve also provided its cliches: Surrey lawns in improbable climates, eating Yorkshire pudding beneath a boiling sun. In A Handful of Dust, Evelyn Waugh takes that nostalgia for home to its satirical extremes. Tony Last is a happy country gent until his wife deserts him. In a fit of self-pity, he joins an expedition to the Amazon and ends up prisoner in a steaming rain forest, forced to read aloud the works of Dickens for the rest of his life: a vision of expat hell.

Other novels recommended are Old Filth by Jane Gardam and The Expats by Chris Pavone.

A blogger (TomWinnifrith.com) has recently posted a comparison of his own Oxford career with that of Evelyn Waugh:

… I botched my entrance papers somewhat and double botched my interview when trying to get into Christ Church at Oxford (The House) and, was thus, not that surprised to be rejected some 31 years ago. But to its credit, Hertford College gave me a second chance and after an interview which I found rather confusing I was, rather to my surprise, offered a place. Clearly Professor Malpas saw something in me although, to this day, I cannot really say what. But his inspired call, has allowed me to make the same joke for thirty years about how the two greatest writers of the 20th Century were both shunned by The House and ended up at Hertford: that is to say myself and Evelyn Waugh.

Waugh’s diaries and biographies have a different explanation of  his entrance experience at Oxford. When he first visited the university with his father in September 1920, he was much impressed by New College, his father’s alma mater, and Christ Church. In his diaries he noted: “Father has put my name down for New College and I am going to try for a scholarship at the House” (Diaries, p. 100). But he was advised by his teachers at Lancing to aim lower: “Lucas tells me that it is better to go up to Oxford as a scholar in a smaller college than New, from an educational point of view. Apparently, the dons make much more of you. As a commoner [i.e., without a scholarship], however, New College is far the best as you are in a really intellectual atmosphere.” (Diaries, p. 142). In the end, when he sat the scholarship examination, he listed as his first preference the more modest Hertford College, where not only was there less competition for a scholarship, but if one was awarded, it was worth more.  He was offered a scholarship by Hertford and accepted without apparent hesitation (A Little Learning, pp. 137-39; Hastings, pp. 79-80). So, although he harbored a desire to attend Christ Church as well as New College, he never made the attempt.

Another blogger, George Callaghann, has posted on YouTube a video filmed in front of the Waugh family home at 145 North End Road in London NW11. In his video, he discourses for about 2 1/2 minutes on the career of Evelyn Waugh, to the accompaniment of considerable background traffic noise. Unfortunately, he begins his narrative with rather a clanger by asserting that Waugh lived in the house from the 1920s until his death in 1966. His family actually moved into the house when he was four years old (about 1907-08) and Evelyn could be said to have made his home there on and off until his father sold the house and moved to Highgate in 1933. After that, Evelyn lived mostly in hotels, his club or with friends until his second marriage in 1937 when he moved into his own house near Dursley in Gloucestershire. Aside from that, the commentary is accurate. Callaghann does not, alas, offer an inside view of the house and garden.

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