Waugh on Father’s Day

On the occasion of Father’s Day, in the San Diego Reader, a free distribution weekly newspaper, columnist Matthew Lickona has picked through his previous articles for those relating to fatherhood. This one from 1997 cites one of Waugh’s more neglected writings:

…In Evelyn Waugh’s short story, “Work Suspended,” the narrator falls in love with a pregnant woman, despite the fact that “her grace [is] daily more encumbered,” and she is “deprived of sex, as women are, by its own fulfillment.” In contrast to this is the love affair of Piet and pregnant Foxy in John Updike’s Couples, wherein Piet declares, “I love the way your belly is so hard and pushes at me.” Before I married, I agreed with Waugh — sex with a pregnant woman seemed somehow of another order, almost weird. But when Deirdre got pregnant, three months into our marriage, I started tending toward Updike.

Work Suspended was not written as a short story although it is published in collections with them. Waugh started it as a novel but was interrupted by his army duty in WWII. When he took up writing again, he started over and wrote Brideshead Revisited but published this fragment to show what might have been.

Another of Waugh’s fictional fathers is quoted in an editorial in the Spanish language paper Diario de Cadiz. This is in an article arguing that it is inappropriate to compare the number of deaths attributed to terrorism to those caused, for example, by traffic accidents:

But the whole point, even in the most well-intentioned cases, is to refer to the judgment of Gervase Crouchback, who in Evelyn Waugh’s trilogy Sword of Honor warned his son Guy, a soldier, that “Quantitative judgments do not apply,” that is , That “quantitative judgments do not count”. He said this in the middle of World War II. Every life is sacred and a dictator (or anyone) who unjustly strikes one has perpetrated a crime of incomparable magnitude. Our sensitivity does not need more crimes to horrify us.

The translation is by Google Translate with minor edits.

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Waugh and the Honours List

Twice a year (on the Queen’s Birthday and New Years) the London papers can be expected to drag out their list of those who in the past have rejected honours offered them just as the papers announce the latest list of honourands. And Evelyn Waugh is now firmly implanted in the newspaper archives on the “rejector” list for having turned down a CBE in 1959. This fact is stated recently in both The Mirror and the Huffington Post. Waugh was, according to his biographers,  expecting a knighthood, such as had been awarded to his friend Maurice Bowra in 1951. Ironically, Bowra’s biographer says that Sir Maurice was disappointed not to have been offered a peerage. But once he had rejected what was offered, Waugh realized that the possibility of a knighthood was now probably off the table (although sometimes later offers of enhanced titles are made). Bowra for his part was later awarded a Companion of Honour (but not a peerage).

Waugh later expressed regret to Graham Greene for turning down the CBE at the time Greene himself had rejected a Companion of Literature (C. Lit.) in 1964. Waugh had accepted a C. Lit. which was awarded in the previous year (1963) by the Royal Society of Literature, not the Government. The RSL was headed up by Waugh’s friend Freddy Birkenhead, and Waugh told Nancy Mitford he thought it would be “stuck up and unfriendly to Freddy if I refused.” He was deputed by Birkenhead to ask Greene to reconsider.  Greene again refused and told Waugh he himself had previously turned down a CBE and had no regrets. A few years later in 1966 Greene was awarded and accepted a Companion of Honour (CH). Waugh wrote a letter of congratulations expressing the thought that “one of your characters remarks that its is the only public recognition worth having.” Greene responded a few days later telling Waugh that he felt a “bit snobbish in accepting it … you should have had it first & then I could happily have followed in your footsteps, but you probably refused it.” That was their last written communication. Greene was later offered the C.Lit. again and accepted it in 1983, along with the Order of Merit in 1986.

Waugh’s friend and fellow novelist Anthony Powell was awarded and accepted a CBE in 1956, and Waugh wrote to Nancy Mitford at the time that he thought it the sort of award appropriately made to “sccond grade civil servants” but was “WRONG” for writers. “I trust you will stand out for CH or Dame.” Mitford accepted a CBE in 1972. Powell himself later turned down a knighthood in 1974 which he ironically thought inappropriate for writers.  He was also concerned that this would would cause endless confusion as to how his wife should be addressed. She was “Lady Violet” by birth but might be addressed in the less exalted form “Lady Powell” as wife of a knight. That sounds like a joke, but in Powell’s case that concern may have been a serious one. In 1988, Powell was offered and accepted a Companion of Honour.

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Brideshead is a Picnic, but not Always

The Field magazine has an article about the traditional British picnic and urges its revival. After describing literary picnics in The Wind and the Willows and Emma, the article decides there are two basic types:

… it would be appalling humbug not to recognise the indolent pleasures of the “opera”-level picnic (table, chairs, ice buckets for the wine) or the race meeting “tailgate buffet”, as the late AA Gill famously dubbed them. They are a great treat in themselves … [but] can demand a level of planning, purchasing and equipment more terrifying even than the humble dinner party now made daunting by the world of the trophy cookbook. It is time to recapture the joys of the “picnic proper” in the country – simple and fun, an alfresco meal that is more about the encounter with nature than anything else….Of course, the picnic proper doesn’t have to be that simple but it should not be too elaborate, either. It should be about being out in the open air, looking out on nature and enjoying freedom from the tyranny of the indoors – and technology. Evelyn Waugh caught the magic of the lightly planned picnic when Lord Sebastian Flyte calls on his Oxford friend, Charles Ryder, in Brideshead Revisited (1945): “I’ve got a motor-car and a basket of strawberries and a bottle of ChĂąteau Peyraguey – which isn’t a wine you’ve ever tasted, so don’t pretend. It’s heaven with strawberries.” They seek some shade and find “a sheep-cropped knoll under a clump of elms”, where they ate the strawberries, drank the wine and looked up at the trees.

A more sober and somber reading of the novel can be found in the article “Contra Mundum Comes Home: Brideshead Revisited, Your Gay Relative, and a Twitch Upon the Thread” posted on the website Joseph. This is by Joseph Sciambra who describes himself as a gay Roman Catholic who in his youth came out but then in later life has come back in. He tracks his own experience in leaving and then coming back to his faith in the stories of Sebastian and Julia in Waugh’s novel, the differing responses of Lady Marchmain, Cordelia, and Bridey to their loss of faith and the responses of Sebastian and Julia to those reactions. Here’s a sample of what is quite a long article:

In both cases, Sebastian and Julia have sought to escape the trauma of their father abandoning the family, through the mind-numbing diversions of debauchery and excess. The route taken by Sebastian was the more intoxicating and precipitous with the gay decadence of the 1920s eerily similar to the pre-AIDS era of the discotheque. Sebastian’s hardcore riotous living flames out rather quickly while Julia’s smoldering restlessness does a slow burn. The separate courses taken by either sibling, though differing in duration and intensity, both finished at the same dead-end of discontent and hopelessness. Yet, as was the case with Sebastian, because homosexuality was not widely accepted during his time, there is this anxious rush by the family to do something about his problem.

The article is well-researched and well-written (although a bit of proofing would be useful to avoid clangers like “Sebastian Flute” which I first thought must part of some elaborate joke). The reader should be forewarned that of the three family members who respond to what they view as the “problems” of their siblings’ apostasies, Bridey’s reaction is the one seen by the author of the article as being the most successful. But the case made for this point, as well as others, is well-reasoned and dispassionately presented. 

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Waugh Conference at Gerald Brenan House in Malaga

The Gerald Brenan House in Malaga, Spain, has announced a one-day conference on Evelyn Waugh to take place a week from today on Friday 23 June.

According to the Barcelona newspaper La Vanguardia, the conference will start with a showing of the first episode of the 1981 Granada TV adaptation of Brideshead Revisited. This will be followed with a talk by Waugh scholar Carlos Villar Flor entitled “From Oxford to Brideshead: Return to Evelyn Waugh.” The lecture:

… will outline the most relevant facts of Waugh’s biography, focusing on those who inspired one of his masterpieces, ‘Brideshead Revisited’. Villar will also analyze the echoes of this novel in [Waugh’s] later work, especially the military trilogy “Sword of Honour”. And, finally, [Villar] will comment on the two film adaptations of Brideshead that have been carried out to date.

The Gerald Brenan House is named for the expatriate English writer who lived there and at other houses in the area for much of the post WWI period. He was associated with the Bloomsbury Group and hosted many visits by English writers and artists. Waugh does not seem to have been among them, but his friend Daphne Fielding wrote about her visits to the house.

Villar Flor is a professor at the University of La Rioja specializing in the 20th century English novel. He has written and contributed to several books on Waugh, translated several of Waugh’s books into Spanish, and lectured at many international conferences dedicated to Waugh’s works. He has also written three novels of his own published in Spanish. The Gerald Brenan House is now run as a museum and conference center by the City of Malaga. The house is located at Calle Torremolinos, 56, Churriana, Malaga; Tel: 951 926 196.

The translation of the La Vanguardia article is by Google Translate with a few minor edits. 

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Waugh in Albania

Literary journalist and author David Pryce-Jones has written a “Letter from Albania: The Twilight of Zog” that appears in the current issue of The New Criterion. He reports on his attendance at a conference about the legacy of Communism in Albania where he is assigned a place at the dinner table next to the leader of the conservative party in Albania. In the course of their conversation, Pryce-Jones reports this exchange:

One of his favorite books, he turned aside to tell me, was Fitzroy Maclean’s Eastern Approaches (1949)—it gave the reader everything he needed to know about Communism. In the war, Fitzroy, a Brigadier and a Conservative Member of Parliament, had commanded the British military mission to Yugoslavia. Evelyn Waugh was one of its members, and he later put some of this experience into his masterpiece, Sword of Honour. One of the themes of the novel is that British foreign policy is in the hands of men from privileged backgrounds who behind closed doors are crypto-Communists selling out the nation—critics at the time dismissed this as right-wing paranoia. As editor of a book about Evelyn Waugh, I persuaded Fitzroy, rather against his inclination, to put on paper what it had been like to have on the military mission this uncompromising observer of events.

The book to which Pryce-Jones refers is Evelyn Waugh and His World (1973) of which he was the editor. Fitzroy Maclean’s contribution was a two-page memoir entitled “Captain Waugh” about his role in setting up the wartime mission to Yugoslavia in which Waugh served. He left it to Freddy Birkenhead to provide a detailed description of actually serving with Waugh in the field. This longer article (“Fiery Particles”) also appears in Pryce-Jones’ book. 

The former publisher and now spy novelist Joseph Kanon is the subject of this week’s “By the Book” column in the New York Times Book Review. Most of his books have post-war espionage themes, such as his best known The Good German (which was also made into a film) and his latest Defectors, which was just published. In the column, he responds to certain standard questions such as this: 

You’re organizing a literary dinner party. Which three writers, dead or alive, do you invite?

I know I should say Henry James and Proust and George Eliot, but the great and the good can be really heavy going at a dinner party. What would George Eliot actually talk about? So let’s go for a fun evening instead. Say, David Sedaris, Oscar Levant and Mel Brooks. Or, fun in a different way, Patrick Leigh Fermor, Nancy Mitford and Evelyn Waugh, if he promises to behave. But the fantasy meal I’d really like would be with Robert Oppenheimer, just the two of us. I’d ask him whether he thought my portrait of him in “Los Alamos” was fair. And then I’d ask him a hundred other things, and he’d talk and talk. Now that would be an evening.

Finally, a former journalist has written a first novel with a journalism theme. This is Stephen Glover who is interviewed in the current issue of The Oldie where he explains the inspiration for his novel:

… the novels about the Press which most of us remember from the 20th century tend to be the comic ones. That’s certainly true of probably the two most famous – Evelyn Waugh’s Scoop and Michael Frayn’s Towards the End of the Morning. When I came to make my own small contribution to the genre with Splash!, it seemed the natural thing to try to make it funny.

Several reviewers have already spotted this connection. See earlier post.

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Betjeman Interview on BBC

BBC Four has rebroadcast a TV interview of Waugh’s friend and contemporary, John Betjeman, by Michael Parkinson. The original broadcast was in November 1977, and it was Betjeman’s third and final appearance in a Parkinson interview. According to Parkinson,  Betjeman was the only guest invited to appear that many times. The best of Betjeman’s own TV presentations were behind him by 1977, but he still made a few more as late as 1982, even after he was confined to a wheelchair. At one point in this interview he reads his poetry to the live music of Jim Parker, a combination that had proved popular on recordings such as Banana Blush. According to his daughter Candida, quoted by biographer Bevis Hillier, Betjeman found this interview one of “the most frightening experiences of his life. He was terrified that he was going to be asked difficult questions.” He was already by then suffering from, ironically, Parkinson’s disease. He does look a bit hesitant and worried at the beginning of the interview. But, as Hillier writes:

He need not have worried. ‘Is your poetry relevant, do you think?’ Parkinson asked. ‘No, thank God.’ (Bevis Hillier, John Betjeman: The Bonus of Laughter, 2005, pp. 252-53)

The other guest on the program was singer Gracie Fields. The replay followed the broadcast of a biopic about her, so that explains the scheduling of this particular interview. One can only hope that others will follow. The program is available via the internet on BBCiPlayer until 13 July. A UK internet connection is required.

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Ryder, the Father Figure

A literary weblog called BookerTalk has posted an article naming the 10 most loved or unloved fathers in literature. This is in observance of Father’s Day this weekend. One of those named in the unloved category is the father of Charles Ryder in Brideshead Revisited:

This is a man who enjoys rare books more than he does his son’s company. Having barely registered the fact that his son Charles has even been off at Oxford University for many months he can’t wait to see him gone again, eagerly encouraging him to Go off to visit his new chums at Brideshead or  Venice. Anywhere is preferable to having him at home.

Charles himself is no slouch when it comes to child neglect. When he returns from his lengthy painting trip to Latin America, he does not even know the name of his daughter who was born in his absence and named Caroline after him (as his wife had explained in letters), nor can he even recall the name of his son when it is mentioned by his wife. After his return he shows no further interest in either child as he pursues his love affair with Julia Mottram. Perhaps the “prize” should have been jointly awarded to both Ryders. At least Waugh made Ryder pĂšre’s neglect humorous through overstatement; the same cannot be said for Charles’ selfish attitude toward his children.  Other literary figures falling into the unloved column include Paul Theroux’s Allie Fox in Mosquito Coast, Heathcliff in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, and Paul Dombey in Dickens’ Dombey and Son.

The Tatler has an article that also links Waugh with a questionable father figure. This is the gossipy story of AndrĂ© Balazs, hotel tycoon and celebrity collector. The article opens and closes with a Waugh reference. Here’s the opening: “What [Balazs] is, is a libertine. A sybarite. A risk-taker. A character from Evelyn Waugh, almost.” What character did they have in mind, I wonder–Rex Mottram? Trimmer? Perhaps that’s unfair to Waugh’s characters based on some of the stories told by Tatler about Balazs. One of these has a connection to both fatherhood and to the Waugh family:

He’s currently expecting a child with the socialite Cosima Vesey, 29, daughter of the 7th Viscount de Vesci, although they’re ‘not attached’, says a friend…People say the relationship between the couple was ‘low-key’.

The story closes with the thought: “If only Evelyn Waugh were still alive.” Perhaps Tatler were unaware when they wrote that closing that Waugh might, indeed, have more than a passing interest in the fate of one of the characters in Balazs’ story. This is Cosima Vesey. Waugh’s wife, Laura, was the grandaughter of the 4th Viscount de Vesci, one John R W Vesey (1844-1903). So Cosima must be a distant cousin of Laura and the Waugh children, as will her child. The line descended through nephews for two generations after the 4th Viscount, but there is still some relationship. Waugh had every reason to be grateful to that family (or at least the grandparents’ generation). Viscountess de Vesci (nĂ©e Evelyn Charteris; 1851-1939), Laura’s grandmother, generously made an unanticipated wedding gift to the couple of Piers Court which Waugh had expected to have to pay for himself when he agreed the purchase. Still, Waugh could see the humour in almost any situation (e.g., Trimmer’s fatherhood in Sword of Honour) and, as Tatler seems to suggest, could probably have found something funny to say about this one as well.

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Brideshead Revisited x 2

A Roman Catholic magazine, the Homilitic and Pastoral Review (HPR), has published a feature length article entitled “ Sacraments in Brideshead Revisited”. The magazine is aimed at church professionals and specializes in articles on “doctrine, spiritual guidance, morality and authentic pastoral practice.” The Brideshead article, by Sr Albert Marie Surmanski, O P,  focuses on the sacraments (primarily anointing of the sick and marriage) as they are described and applied in the novel. For her texts she chooses Charles Ryder’s questioning of the need for a priest to be brought into Lord Marchmain’s sick room (for which she provides an answer) and the description of the sacramental anointing of the sick as performed by Fr Mackay at the end of the novel. In the case of anointing, the text becomes very detailed and reviews the actual mechanics of the sacrament’s application in what is intended to be one of the most important scenes in the novel:

Several of the details in [Waugh’s] description are inaccurate: anointing of the sick is given with blessed oil of the sick, not chrism; priests anoint with their own hands, not cotton balls, but the power of the sacrament is described with consummate skill.

These “errors” may, of course, have been recognized as such by Waugh but intended to contribute to the character of the unpretentious country priest. Sr Surmanski does not address that point as it is, perhaps, beyond the scope of her article. Overall, the article explains the application of the sacraments in the context of Waugh’s novel in dispassionate terms that can be understood by laymen as well as professionals. But it probably would help to be familiar with the Roman Catholic liturgy and ritual to fully appreciate many of the details.

Another article has appeared in the Norwegian press about the recently published new translation of Brideshead Revisited into Norwegian (Gjensyn med Brideshead). This appears in the daily newspaper VÄrt Land and is a review by Kristian Wikborg Wiese of the new translation of the novel by Johanne Fronth-Nygren. See previous posts. After summarizing the plot, the reviewer makes several comments about the translation. This is praised for successfully using appropriate Norwegian language to convey the social status of the English characters. The reviewer also offers what may be an original insight into the character of Charles Ryder as reflected in the forms of dialogue in which the book is written:

When we are in dialogue, a striking feature of the novel is the often long monologues some of the people speak to Charles Ryder. Whether it’s his father, the southern European and gay Anthony Blanche, or Sebastian Flyte’s sister Julia. In these cases it is clear that the main character chooses to listen rather than speak. This characteristic can be interpreted as the main character being a man in search of something bigger, more meaningful. But through Charles, the narrator of the book, we are at the same time part of an introspective journey, where the protagonist focuses on himself, in order to make sense through the memories. For a while he seeks cover in art. He lives as a painter and lives in a loveless marriage he later chooses to leave. But by constantly listening to other people, taking part in their experiences and thoughts, whether it is theological or social considerations, he is led towards a religious awakening. This comes gradually, and it is not until the last pages of the book it becomes clear that Charles Ryder has left his agnostic self for the benefit of religion.

The translation is by Google with minor edits. The translation is readable but struggles a bit in the final section where it describes Cordelia’s dealings with the African mission:

For example, Cordelia, the youngest of the Brideshead children, boasts “Six Black Cordelias”. This resulted from six occasions, on which she sent five divorces [should read “five shillings”] to some nuns in Africa, who in turn baptized six children and named them after her./Cordelia, den yngste av Bridesheadene, kan for eksempel skilte med «seks sorte Cordeliaer». Et resultat av at hun ved seks anledninger har sendt fem skilling til noen nonner i Afrika, som igjen har dĂžpt seks barn og oppkalt de etter henne.

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Waugh Cited in Descriptions of Tory Meeting

Several news sources are quoting an unnamed Conservative MP who compared the recent meeting of the Party’s Parliamentary membership to a scene written by Evelyn Waugh. Sky News, for example, put it this way:

In a scene one MP described as like an Evelyn Waugh minor public school assembly, the PM’s arrival was greeted with traditional cheers and thumping of hands against desks. “Maybe they’re banging their heads against the tables,” said a journalist outside.

The meeting was not open to the press. A similar description appeared in BuzzFeed News and was picked up by other news services. The MP was no doubt reminded of the scene from the BBC’s recent adaptation of Waugh’s Decline and Fall where Paul Pennyfeather is introduced to his pupils. It is Prendergast whose arrival is greeted with a burst of applause. When Paul enters his classroom he is met with stony silence which is followed by the students each introducing himself as Tangent:

In a few seconds the room had become divided into two parties: those who were Tangent and those who were not. Blows were being exchanged, when the door opened and Grimes came in. There was a hush.

Silence was restored for the remainder of the period after Grimes gave Paul a walking stick and told Paul to set them something to do. After threatening them with the stick, Paul assigns an essay on “Self Indulgence”: 

There will be a prize of half a crown for the longest essay, irrespective of merit. (Penguin, 2011, pp. 44-45)

It seems unlikely that a stick was made available to the Prime Minister at the Tory Parliamentary Party meeting. While it was not clear if an essay subject was assigned, this one might have suggested itself: “Softer Brexit–Self Indulgence or Self Preservation?”

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Cyril Connolly Reconsidered

In an essay in the current TLS, Brian Dillon reconsiders the career of Waugh’s contemporary and friend Cyril Connolly. The essay is entitled “Cyril Connolly and the literature of depression” and was originally published in Dillon’s collection Essayism.  Dillon recognizes this topic is a challenge because Connolly published very little and most of that (a single novel and collected reviews) is justifiably forgotten. But while most critics would name Enemies of Promise as the one book for which Connolly should be most remembered, Dillon thinks that role should be assigned to The Unquiet Grave:

…the odd, fragmentary “word cycle” he published under the pen name Palinurus in the autumn of 1944. This is the book – an essay, an anthology, a complaint – in which the contradictions in Connolly’s talent and personality fail to resolve with the strangest, most seductive results. Here he anatomizes his worst traits: laziness, nostalgia, gluttony, hypochondria, some essential frivolity of mind that means his writing will always be summed up as “‘brilliant’ – that is, not worth doing”… You can hear that his pensĂ©es are already on the turn; his taste is for the overripe. Connolly’s perfectly wrought, disconsolate phrases revert to what one suspects they had been in life, before reaching the pages of his notebooks: jokes, that is, one-liners and gags.

After reviewing Connolly’s book and describing its links to contemporary European thought, Dillon considers its distinctly mixed critical reception:

The Unquiet Grave had a brief celebrity before it began to look antique. Elizabeth Bowen, Philip Toynbee and Edmund Wilson all admired it; Hemingway even wrote to say that he was “almost sure it will be a classic (whatever that means)”. Others remained unconvinced. An anonymous reviewer in the TLS spoke of the book’s “bleak silliness”. Waugh, who never missed a chance to pick on the sometime friend he called “Smartiboots”, complained that “Cyril has lived too long among Communist young ladies”.

Waugh’s review of the book was entitled “Palinurus in Never-Never Land or the Horizon Blue-Print of Chaos.” It appeared in the Tablet and was later included A Little Order and Essays, Articles and Reviews. The Waugh quotation in the TLS article, however, comes from a letter to Nancy Mitford, dated 7 January 1945 written from Yugoslavia. Letters, 196. Waugh’s negativity toward the book lived after him; Connolly discovered his friend’s handwritten marginal notes written in the copy Waugh received in Yugoslavia that was displayed at a US exhibit to which Connolly was invited. According to Waugh scholar Robert Murray Davis who was present, those notes reduced Connolly to tears.

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