La Stampa Joins in Waugh Commemoration

The Italian newspaper La Stampa, based in Turin, last week published an article commemorating the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death. This is by Paolo Bertinetti and is entitled “Evelyn Waugh, conservatore senza nulla da conservare” (“Conservative with nothing to preserve”). The article opens with the assessment that Waugh 

was one of the finest British writers of the twentieth century, a master of accuracy and writing fluency almost unparalleled. “In England” – he said to Graham Greene – “there are only three able to write well in English: you, me and Powell” 

Your correspondent doesn’t recall that letter to Greene, but it does sound like something Waugh might have said. Bertinetti also writes that Waugh was baptized “Arthur St John” but decided to call himself “Evelyn.” He got a bit of the wrong end of the stick on that one, since Waugh wrote that Evelyn was part of his “christened name” (A Little Learning (London, 1973, p. 32). The article continues:
 

Waugh had an all-encompassing attitude longing for the “old England” and contempt for contemporary England, guilty of forgetting the respect due to superiors, putting money above all other values, and casually tolerating licentiousness…His anger against the banality of the present and the triumph of money influenced the writing of A Handful of Dust (1934), a delightful novel that recounts the story of a gentleman unable to move in the modern reality: the plot is ironic and grotesque – and the descriptions of  the main character’s wife are fierce.

Bertinetti goes on with a survey of Waugh’s life and works, with the main emphasis on his marriages and army career. The article concludes with a brief assessment of Sword of Honour

which has many autobiographical touches, covers the years of war and reveals an extraordinary ability to grasp the comic aspects even within the tragedy. It is a scathing satire, highly enjoyable, of the English bourgeoisie viewed through ultra-conservative eyes. But perhaps because of this, it succeeds in its intent. From the right, to use an old formula, Waugh says things about the left with an ability of which the left would never be capable.

The translation is from Google Translate with a bit of editing. Anyone seeing any errors is invited to comment. The source of the letter to Graham Greene is of particular interest.

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Recording of UT Waugh Panel Available Online

The University of Texas Faculty Seminar on British Studies has posted a sound recording of last Friday’s panel discussion in Austin on the subject of Waugh’s travels in America. It is available online. At the bottom of the lecture description click on “Listen to audio only” and a sound file comes up.

The panelists included Dr. Barbara Cooke who described the current work on the Complete Works of Waugh project in which the first of at least 43 projected volumes is expected next year. Prof. Martin Stannard, author of the standard two-volume biography of Waugh, described trip to California in 1947 which resulted in The Loved One. He also spoke about Waugh’s tours of the Eastern U.S. in 1948 to research an article for Life magazine and in 1949 to lecture at Roman Catholic colleges and universities on the subject of “Three British Convert Writers: G.K. Chesterton, Graham Greene, and Ronald Knox.” Jeff Manley then spoke about new research relating to the 1949 lecture tour which led to the compilation of a complete and accurate itinerary and added to the anecdotes contained in Prof. Stannard’s biography. Waugh’s article entitled “The American Epoch in the Catholic Church” is included in Essays, Articles and Reviews. It first appeared in Life magazine, 19 September 1949, and in the Month, November 1949, and is available in the online archives of both journals.

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50th Anniversary and Rex Mottram Feature on Weblogs

Mike T in his weblog Boats Against the Current added another article to the  growing list of internet encomia on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Waugh’s death. He makes an interesting comparison with other writers of a curmudgeonly type:

An extraordinary thing has happened with Waugh: Despite being regarded as snobbish, racist, and misanthropic…, he has maintained his reputation as one of the great writers of English prose in the 20th century. There is at least one reason why that reputation didn’t decline, I believe: the cantankerous, contrarian Waugh, unlike, say, T.S. Eliot or Philip Larkin, expressed virtually all his objectionable views openly, so he could not be convicted of hypocrisy. In short, there were few if any posthumous revelations of secret, politically incorrect thinking.

There are also quotes from Waugh’s little read books Helena and The Holy Places.

A Roman Catholic weblog  joins the list of those recently expressing a fascination with Rex Mottram, a character in Brideshead Revisited. In this case it is his inability to grasp the essence of Roman Catholicism, rather than his politics and personality that is deemed remarkable:

Rex, boorish and unchurched, wishes to marry Julia, a Catholic from a devout family. “I’ll become a Catholic,” he agrees. “What does one have to do?” Rex dutifully meets with a priest, Fr. Mowbray, but their conversations always end in frustration. “He’s the most difficult convert I have ever met,” says Fr. Mowbray at one point. “He doesn’t seem to have the least intellectual curiosity or natural piety.” Rex, for his part, couldn’t see what all the fuss was about. Here’s how he puts it to Julia’s mother: “If your Church is good enough for Julia, it’s good enough for me
. Look, Lady Marchmain, I haven’t the time. Instruction will be wasted on me. Just you give me the form and I’ll sign on the dotted line.” Despite his protests, his fiancĂ©e and her family recognized the crux of the matter: Rex just wasn’t getting “it” – the “Thing,” as Chesterton put it. 

The description of Julia’s family as “devout” is debatable. Her mother, sister and elder brother certainly were, but (at that point in the novel, at least) she, her younger brother and her father were not. Rex fit right in, and he gave Waugh and the pious members of the family some one to feel smug about.

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Waugh Anniversary Observed in Canada

A Canadian paper, the National Post, commemorates the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death with an article by a Roman Catholic priest who teaches at Queens University in Kingston, Ontario. This is Fr. Raymond de Souza. The article opens with a recognition of Waugh as 

…the perfect patron saint… for those who love the English language, the Catholic faith and practise journalism, save for the fact that [because] he was such an unpleasant person he would never be canonized.

Fr. de Souza’s favorites among Waugh’s books are not the usual selections of Brideshead Revisited and Sword of Honour. He would instead choose what he describes as Waugh’s 

historical novels of two saints, Edmund Campion, about the Jesuit martyr under Elizabeth I, and Helena, about the mother of Emperor Constantine.

Recognizing that his taste might represent a minority view, Fr. de Souza thinks Waugh’s book having the greatest relevance in today’s world is Scoop:

The satire highlights the sordid side of Fleet Street and the sensational culture of the competitive press. To “feed the beast” — the insatiable need of the modern media for what we now call “content” — provided the impetus for the title of the fictional tabloid.

That tabloid is of course Lord Copper’s Daily Beast, now the name of an internet tabloid. Fr. de Souza concludes his article:

Waugh died at only 62, so it is possible to imagine him living long enough to see the early Internet and cable news. Better that he died when he did; it might have distressed him more than liturgical reform.

 

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Scoop and The 1938 Club

A group of book bloggers has banded together to discuss books published in 1938.These happen twice a year and a previous session was devoted to 1924. This internet discussion on 1938 books will take place beginning today and continue until next Sunday 17 April. To find out more go to Stuck in a Book for an Introduction to The 1938 Club.

Waugh’s Scoop was published in 1938 and, as such, is a “member” of this club. To facilitate matters another blogger and Waugh fan, Kate Macdonald, has posted what she calls a “recap” of a similar internet discussion she moderated in February limited to the topic of Scoop. I take this to be a collection and distillation of the comments that were posted at that time–so, sort of a group essay, if you will.

Macdonald’s posting begins by putting the journalism of the day into historical context. She then includes two paragraphs relating to the racist and antisemitic views expressed in Waugh’s novel and concludes:

If we insist on applying the social and political views of today onto the novels written in a past epoch, we’re just making arguments where there aren’t any…[Waugh’s] narrative voice in Scoop does use the words we don’t use now, and we just have to accept it. If this affects your enjoyment of the novel, well, I’m sorry about that. It’s a pity, because it is possible to have politically acceptable beliefs now and still enjoy fiction that ignores that kind of thinking. In Scoop, which is largely set in Ishmaelia, an invented north African country, there is plenty of scope for Waugh to be offensive and unpleasant, but, cleverly, he is mostly offensive for a good reason: to show up the stupidity and greed of almost all the characters, black and white. 

The group essay continues with a consideration of what are deemed the four main strengths of the book. These are:

(1) Lord Copper’s megalomania and his staff’s reaction to it;

(2) Waugh’s satirization of journalists and how they manipulate the truth;

(3) The book’s “spectacularly funny characters,” taking Julia Stitch as a case study.

She might have added a fourth which would be the hilariously funny scenes at Boot Magna. These have little to do with the more serious themes of the book but are just there to make you laugh. One might take them as Waugh trying to be Wodehouse, but more successfully.

The group essay goes on to include a discussion of journalistic foibles and concludes:

Compared to Waugh’s far less jolly travelogue Remote People (1930), Scoop is a riot of pleasantness and the love of human frailties. It’s certainly one of Waugh’s least uncomfortable novels, though the prickles are there.

NOTE (12 April 2016, corrected 13 April 2013): One of the participants in The 1938 Club has reposted a review of Scoop he wrote in 2013. He has also contributed a new review of Cyril Connolly’s Enemies of Promise, also published in 1938. Other bloggers have posted reviews of Elizabeth Bowen’s The Death of the Heart and Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas of the same vintage.

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As if Written by Cicero

Gabriele Nicolo writing in today’s il Domani d’Italia offers Italian observations on the 50th Anniversary of Waugh’s death. Among the points made in the article are the following:

–If Waugh had written in Latin, his work could have been passed off as that of Cicero.

Brideshead Revisited is unanimously deemed to be Waugh’s masterpiece.

–The irony in Waugh’s books echoes that of Horace, running through them like a raging torrent.

–In Scoop, Waugh pillories the world of journalism in which powerful publishers are desperate for stories without regard to whether they are true or not.

–Waugh’s novel Helena is unique among his works; a mastery of historic fact is woven into a story reflecting both a vivid imagination and humor; it is one of the English writer’s most intelligent and ironic literary works.

The foregoing is an approximate translation and summary based on Google Translate with no knowledge of Italian on the part of your correspondent. Any readers possessing a knowledge of Italian and wishing to improve or correct it are invited to comments.

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An Freitagen nur Kaviar

The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung has a marked the 5oth anniversary of Waugh’s death with a story by Hannes Hintermeier. It opens with an explanation of Waugh’s connection through marriage to the family that owns Highclere Castle, the setting for the TV series Downton Abbey. He then links that story to the story in Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited. Finally, in a discussion of Waugh’s biography, he explains that Waugh was a strict Roman Catholic and on Fridays ate only caviar (from which the article takes its title). There is also a discussion of Waugh’s BBC Face to Face interview and a link to the YouTube posting of the program. Your correspondent cannot follow the German translation of the Q & A but even so, it sounds funnier in German:

In einem BBC-Interview mit John Freeman prĂ€sentiert er sich selbst dann noch höflich lĂ€chelnd, wenn man damit rechnet, er wĂŒrde den ungelenken Fragesteller am liebsten steinigen. Gleich auf die Einstiegsfrage, wo er geboren wurde, kontert Waugh beinahe unmerklich maliziös und doch der Wahrheit verpflichtet: „Ich habe keine Erinnerung an dieses Ereignis.“ Auf die Frage nach seinem grĂ¶ĂŸten Fehler sagt er wie aus der Pistole geschossen: „Reizbarkeit“. Und auf jene, warum er ĂŒberhaupt zu diesem Interview sich bereit erklĂ€rt habe, „Armut“. Hervorragend umgesetzt, very Waugh.

Perhaps one of our German speaking readers could provide a translation in a comment.

COMMENT (10 April 2016, 1141a CDT): Here’s an approximate translation from Google Translate. Any improvements would be appreciated by submitting a comment:

In a BBC interview with John Freeman, he presents himself still smiling politely, probably assuming the awkward questioner preferred some one a bit stone-like. Equal to the initial question, where he was born, Waugh countered a bit maliciously, yet truthfully: “I have no memory of this event.” When asked about his biggest failing, he answers like a shot: “Irritability.” And as to why he had ever agreed to this interview, “Poverty.” Well done, very Waugh.

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Bloggers Note Waugh Anniversary

Several bloggers have noted the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death in postings referring to his written works or those by others about him.

In Anecdotal Evidence, Patrick Kurp quotes from the article by Waugh’s youngest son Septimus Waugh that recently appeared in the Spectator. See earlier post. Kurp also refers to Waugh’s often overlooked travel writing. He includes in his article this quote of self-analysis written by Waugh in his book Remote People about his travels in Africa in the early 1930s. The passage was inspired by Waugh’s meeting two Armenians who acted as his guides and whom he considered ideal “men of the world.”:

“Sometimes when I find that elusive ideal looming too attractively, I envy among my friends this one’s adaptability to diverse company, this one’s cosmopolitan experience, this one’s impenetrable armour against sentimentality and humbug, that one’s freedom from conventional prejudices, this one’s astute ordering of his finances and nicely calculated hospitality, and realise that, whatever happens to me and however I deplore it, I shall never in fact become a `hard-boiled man of the world’ of the kind I read about in the novels I sometimes obtain at bookstalls for short railway journeys; that I shall always be ill at ease with nine out of every ten people I meet; that I shall always find something startling and rather abhorrent in the things most other people think worth doing, and something puzzling in their standards of importance; that I shall probably be increasingly, rather than decreasingly, vulnerable to the inevitable minor disasters and injustices of life — then I comfort myself a little by thinking that, perhaps if I were an Armenian I should find things easier.”

That may be the longest sentence Waugh ever wrote. The quote appears in Remote People (London, 1931, at pp. 110-11).

In another blog entitled The Diary Review, Paul K. Lyons considers Waugh’s diaries and quotes from both the 1976 edition and several reviews of that book. He also summarizes the history of its publication:

For most of his life, indeed from the age of 7, Waugh kept a diary, though he stopped about a year before his death. However, there are only 340,000 words in the extant diary material, not a great volume for so long a period. The manuscripts – many on loose sheets, some bound – are kept by the University of Texas where they were transferred after Waugh’s death. There is no evidence that he kept the diary with publication in mind, rather that he wrote it, later on any way, as an aide memoire to assist him in his travel journalism and other writings. The decision to publish his diaries was taken in 1973 by his second wife, Laura, in conjunction with their son Auberon.

The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh, as edited by Michael Davie, were first published in 1976 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, the book running to over 800 pages. Although portions of Waugh’s early diaries were left out, Davie retained as much of Waugh’s text as he could, apart from twenty or so libellous passages and a similar number of references which could be considered ‘intolerably offensive’.

Finally, in Supremacy and Survival, a Roman Catholic historical blog, there are quotes from Harry Mount’s recent article in the Catholic Herald about Brideshead Revisited (see earlier post) as well as from an article by George Weigel about Waugh.

NOTE (11 April 2016): Another blogger has also posted a short essay on the occasion of this anniversary. This is Steve King on Today in Literature.

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Telegraph Publishes Remembrance of Waugh

In today’s Sunday Telegraph, Nicholas Shakespeare writes a remembrance of Waugh. Shakespeare never apparently met Waugh personally but wrote and directed the three-part 198os BBC Arena documentary of Waugh. He is also editor of the Everyman edition of Waugh’s collected travel writing entitled Waugh Abroad. Shakespeare offers several recollections of his work on the Arena trilogy, most notably this one: 

For two years, I interviewed Waugh’s surviving friends and family. The budget was small – I was paid £500 per programme, with no surplus to commission actors. My producer and I hit on the penny-pinching device of asking the interviewees to read aloud passages from Waugh’s novels – books dedicated to them, in the cases of Harold Acton (Decline and Fall), Diana Mosley (Vile Bodies) and Dorothy Lygon (Black Mischief). Necessity turned out to be the mother of television gold.

As Harold Acton re-enacted the Bollinger Club smashing up Scone College chapel, he was performing as his own character – but also as Waugh, whose best man he had been. When Dorothy Lygon read about Basil Seal unsuspectingly eating his girlfriend in an aromatic stew, she was back at her family home of Madresfield, the moated manor-house overlooking the Malvern Hills where Waugh had written Black Mischief, and on which he based his most vulnerable and popular work, Brideshead Revisited.

He recalls several of the interviewees but the most memorable is Waugh’s friend, fellow writer and Roman Catholic Graham Greene who:

said there was something characteristic about his death. Waugh, a devout Catholic, expired on Easter Sunday 1966, on the lavatory, which reminded Greene of Apthorpe’s “Thunder-box” in Men at Arms, the antiquated field latrine in the shape of a plain square box which had exploded under him, just as the Catholic Church had detonated beneath Waugh in the form of the Second Vatican Council.

In Greene’s opinion, Waugh “needed to cling to something solid and strong and unchanging”. Catholicism was that raft, essentially unaltered for 2,000 years. The Vatican’s attempt to modernise Waugh’s creed sank him…I asked Greene how he had felt on that Easter Sunday in 1966. He said: “I felt as if my commanding officer had died.”

Shakespeare also reminisces about his visits to Madresfield Court, where his grandmother used to play bridge once a week for 50 years and sometimes took him along. After the Arena trilogy was broadcast, they found an old home movie showing Lord Beauchamp’s homecoming after his exile in the 1930s. Shakespeare  arranged to show the film and describes the reaction of Sibell Lygon:

With rapture, Sibell looked at herself in a blue dress, entering the maze. “Father planted it from a design in Boy’s Own,” she said. “In the First World War, we gave a lot of wounded soldiers a jolly afternoon out. We led them to the centre of the maze and then ran away.” She tried not to smile. “It was awful.”

His other grandmother married Dudley Carew, Waugh’s school friend from Lancing. She showed him Carew’s diary in which Waugh had written annotations. Among them Waugh had:

pencilled down his rules for good writing:

“1. Avoid long conversations on general subjects. This is a mistake many people make. General conversations may only be allowed when they show character.

2. Don’t be slack about grammar and do quote accurately if you must quote.

3. For God’s sake don’t hold up the Wandering Jew as a literary or aesthetic show.

4. Don’t put down thoughts at such length, directly suggest – be subtle. Leave something to us readers.

5. Keep cutting out. Motto for artists of all sorts. Prune unessentials.”

The Telegraph has done itself proud with this article. The online version is beautifully illustrated and well worth reading.

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Evelyn Waugh R.I.P.

Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh, writer, born October 28, 1903, died 50 years ago today on Easter Day 1966 in Combe Florey, Somerset. Requiescat in pace. 

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