Waugh Anniversary Observed in Canada

A Canadian paper, the National Post, commemorates the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death with an article by a Roman Catholic priest who teaches at Queens University in Kingston, Ontario. This is Fr. Raymond de Souza. The article opens with a recognition of Waugh as 

…the perfect patron saint… for those who love the English language, the Catholic faith and practise journalism, save for the fact that [because] he was such an unpleasant person he would never be canonized.

Fr. de Souza’s favorites among Waugh’s books are not the usual selections of Brideshead Revisited and Sword of Honour. He would instead choose what he describes as Waugh’s 

historical novels of two saints, Edmund Campion, about the Jesuit martyr under Elizabeth I, and Helena, about the mother of Emperor Constantine.

Recognizing that his taste might represent a minority view, Fr. de Souza thinks Waugh’s book having the greatest relevance in today’s world is Scoop:

The satire highlights the sordid side of Fleet Street and the sensational culture of the competitive press. To “feed the beast” — the insatiable need of the modern media for what we now call “content” — provided the impetus for the title of the fictional tabloid.

That tabloid is of course Lord Copper’s Daily Beast, now the name of an internet tabloid. Fr. de Souza concludes his article:

Waugh died at only 62, so it is possible to imagine him living long enough to see the early Internet and cable news. Better that he died when he did; it might have distressed him more than liturgical reform.

 

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Scoop and The 1938 Club

A group of book bloggers has banded together to discuss books published in 1938.These happen twice a year and a previous session was devoted to 1924. This internet discussion on 1938 books will take place beginning today and continue until next Sunday 17 April. To find out more go to Stuck in a Book for an Introduction to The 1938 Club.

Waugh’s Scoop was published in 1938 and, as such, is a “member” of this club. To facilitate matters another blogger and Waugh fan, Kate Macdonald, has posted what she calls a “recap” of a similar internet discussion she moderated in February limited to the topic of Scoop. I take this to be a collection and distillation of the comments that were posted at that time–so, sort of a group essay, if you will.

Macdonald’s posting begins by putting the journalism of the day into historical context. She then includes two paragraphs relating to the racist and antisemitic views expressed in Waugh’s novel and concludes:

If we insist on applying the social and political views of today onto the novels written in a past epoch, we’re just making arguments where there aren’t any…[Waugh’s] narrative voice in Scoop does use the words we don’t use now, and we just have to accept it. If this affects your enjoyment of the novel, well, I’m sorry about that. It’s a pity, because it is possible to have politically acceptable beliefs now and still enjoy fiction that ignores that kind of thinking. In Scoop, which is largely set in Ishmaelia, an invented north African country, there is plenty of scope for Waugh to be offensive and unpleasant, but, cleverly, he is mostly offensive for a good reason: to show up the stupidity and greed of almost all the characters, black and white. 

The group essay continues with a consideration of what are deemed the four main strengths of the book. These are:

(1) Lord Copper’s megalomania and his staff’s reaction to it;

(2) Waugh’s satirization of journalists and how they manipulate the truth;

(3) The book’s “spectacularly funny characters,” taking Julia Stitch as a case study.

She might have added a fourth which would be the hilariously funny scenes at Boot Magna. These have little to do with the more serious themes of the book but are just there to make you laugh. One might take them as Waugh trying to be Wodehouse, but more successfully.

The group essay goes on to include a discussion of journalistic foibles and concludes:

Compared to Waugh’s far less jolly travelogue Remote People (1930), Scoop is a riot of pleasantness and the love of human frailties. It’s certainly one of Waugh’s least uncomfortable novels, though the prickles are there.

NOTE (12 April 2016, corrected 13 April 2013): One of the participants in The 1938 Club has reposted a review of Scoop he wrote in 2013. He has also contributed a new review of Cyril Connolly’s Enemies of Promise, also published in 1938. Other bloggers have posted reviews of Elizabeth Bowen’s The Death of the Heart and Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas of the same vintage.

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As if Written by Cicero

Gabriele Nicolo writing in today’s il Domani d’Italia offers Italian observations on the 50th Anniversary of Waugh’s death. Among the points made in the article are the following:

–If Waugh had written in Latin, his work could have been passed off as that of Cicero.

Brideshead Revisited is unanimously deemed to be Waugh’s masterpiece.

–The irony in Waugh’s books echoes that of Horace, running through them like a raging torrent.

–In Scoop, Waugh pillories the world of journalism in which powerful publishers are desperate for stories without regard to whether they are true or not.

–Waugh’s novel Helena is unique among his works; a mastery of historic fact is woven into a story reflecting both a vivid imagination and humor; it is one of the English writer’s most intelligent and ironic literary works.

The foregoing is an approximate translation and summary based on Google Translate with no knowledge of Italian on the part of your correspondent. Any readers possessing a knowledge of Italian and wishing to improve or correct it are invited to comments.

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An Freitagen nur Kaviar

The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung has a marked the 5oth anniversary of Waugh’s death with a story by Hannes Hintermeier. It opens with an explanation of Waugh’s connection through marriage to the family that owns Highclere Castle, the setting for the TV series Downton Abbey. He then links that story to the story in Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited. Finally, in a discussion of Waugh’s biography, he explains that Waugh was a strict Roman Catholic and on Fridays ate only caviar (from which the article takes its title). There is also a discussion of Waugh’s BBC Face to Face interview and a link to the YouTube posting of the program. Your correspondent cannot follow the German translation of the Q & A but even so, it sounds funnier in German:

In einem BBC-Interview mit John Freeman präsentiert er sich selbst dann noch höflich lächelnd, wenn man damit rechnet, er würde den ungelenken Fragesteller am liebsten steinigen. Gleich auf die Einstiegsfrage, wo er geboren wurde, kontert Waugh beinahe unmerklich maliziös und doch der Wahrheit verpflichtet: „Ich habe keine Erinnerung an dieses Ereignis.“ Auf die Frage nach seinem größten Fehler sagt er wie aus der Pistole geschossen: „Reizbarkeit“. Und auf jene, warum er überhaupt zu diesem Interview sich bereit erklärt habe, „Armut“. Hervorragend umgesetzt, very Waugh.

Perhaps one of our German speaking readers could provide a translation in a comment.

COMMENT (10 April 2016, 1141a CDT): Here’s an approximate translation from Google Translate. Any improvements would be appreciated by submitting a comment:

In a BBC interview with John Freeman, he presents himself still smiling politely, probably assuming the awkward questioner preferred some one a bit stone-like. Equal to the initial question, where he was born, Waugh countered a bit maliciously, yet truthfully: “I have no memory of this event.” When asked about his biggest failing, he answers like a shot: “Irritability.” And as to why he had ever agreed to this interview, “Poverty.” Well done, very Waugh.

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Bloggers Note Waugh Anniversary

Several bloggers have noted the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death in postings referring to his written works or those by others about him.

In Anecdotal Evidence, Patrick Kurp quotes from the article by Waugh’s youngest son Septimus Waugh that recently appeared in the Spectator. See earlier post. Kurp also refers to Waugh’s often overlooked travel writing. He includes in his article this quote of self-analysis written by Waugh in his book Remote People about his travels in Africa in the early 1930s. The passage was inspired by Waugh’s meeting two Armenians who acted as his guides and whom he considered ideal “men of the world.”:

“Sometimes when I find that elusive ideal looming too attractively, I envy among my friends this one’s adaptability to diverse company, this one’s cosmopolitan experience, this one’s impenetrable armour against sentimentality and humbug, that one’s freedom from conventional prejudices, this one’s astute ordering of his finances and nicely calculated hospitality, and realise that, whatever happens to me and however I deplore it, I shall never in fact become a `hard-boiled man of the world’ of the kind I read about in the novels I sometimes obtain at bookstalls for short railway journeys; that I shall always be ill at ease with nine out of every ten people I meet; that I shall always find something startling and rather abhorrent in the things most other people think worth doing, and something puzzling in their standards of importance; that I shall probably be increasingly, rather than decreasingly, vulnerable to the inevitable minor disasters and injustices of life — then I comfort myself a little by thinking that, perhaps if I were an Armenian I should find things easier.”

That may be the longest sentence Waugh ever wrote. The quote appears in Remote People (London, 1931, at pp. 110-11).

In another blog entitled The Diary Review, Paul K. Lyons considers Waugh’s diaries and quotes from both the 1976 edition and several reviews of that book. He also summarizes the history of its publication:

For most of his life, indeed from the age of 7, Waugh kept a diary, though he stopped about a year before his death. However, there are only 340,000 words in the extant diary material, not a great volume for so long a period. The manuscripts – many on loose sheets, some bound – are kept by the University of Texas where they were transferred after Waugh’s death. There is no evidence that he kept the diary with publication in mind, rather that he wrote it, later on any way, as an aide memoire to assist him in his travel journalism and other writings. The decision to publish his diaries was taken in 1973 by his second wife, Laura, in conjunction with their son Auberon.

The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh, as edited by Michael Davie, were first published in 1976 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, the book running to over 800 pages. Although portions of Waugh’s early diaries were left out, Davie retained as much of Waugh’s text as he could, apart from twenty or so libellous passages and a similar number of references which could be considered ‘intolerably offensive’.

Finally, in Supremacy and Survival, a Roman Catholic historical blog, there are quotes from Harry Mount’s recent article in the Catholic Herald about Brideshead Revisited (see earlier post) as well as from an article by George Weigel about Waugh.

NOTE (11 April 2016): Another blogger has also posted a short essay on the occasion of this anniversary. This is Steve King on Today in Literature.

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Telegraph Publishes Remembrance of Waugh

In today’s Sunday Telegraph, Nicholas Shakespeare writes a remembrance of Waugh. Shakespeare never apparently met Waugh personally but wrote and directed the three-part 198os BBC Arena documentary of Waugh. He is also editor of the Everyman edition of Waugh’s collected travel writing entitled Waugh Abroad. Shakespeare offers several recollections of his work on the Arena trilogy, most notably this one: 

For two years, I interviewed Waugh’s surviving friends and family. The budget was small – I was paid £500 per programme, with no surplus to commission actors. My producer and I hit on the penny-pinching device of asking the interviewees to read aloud passages from Waugh’s novels – books dedicated to them, in the cases of Harold Acton (Decline and Fall), Diana Mosley (Vile Bodies) and Dorothy Lygon (Black Mischief). Necessity turned out to be the mother of television gold.

As Harold Acton re-enacted the Bollinger Club smashing up Scone College chapel, he was performing as his own character – but also as Waugh, whose best man he had been. When Dorothy Lygon read about Basil Seal unsuspectingly eating his girlfriend in an aromatic stew, she was back at her family home of Madresfield, the moated manor-house overlooking the Malvern Hills where Waugh had written Black Mischief, and on which he based his most vulnerable and popular work, Brideshead Revisited.

He recalls several of the interviewees but the most memorable is Waugh’s friend, fellow writer and Roman Catholic Graham Greene who:

said there was something characteristic about his death. Waugh, a devout Catholic, expired on Easter Sunday 1966, on the lavatory, which reminded Greene of Apthorpe’s “Thunder-box” in Men at Arms, the antiquated field latrine in the shape of a plain square box which had exploded under him, just as the Catholic Church had detonated beneath Waugh in the form of the Second Vatican Council.

In Greene’s opinion, Waugh “needed to cling to something solid and strong and unchanging”. Catholicism was that raft, essentially unaltered for 2,000 years. The Vatican’s attempt to modernise Waugh’s creed sank him…I asked Greene how he had felt on that Easter Sunday in 1966. He said: “I felt as if my commanding officer had died.”

Shakespeare also reminisces about his visits to Madresfield Court, where his grandmother used to play bridge once a week for 50 years and sometimes took him along. After the Arena trilogy was broadcast, they found an old home movie showing Lord Beauchamp’s homecoming after his exile in the 1930s. Shakespeare  arranged to show the film and describes the reaction of Sibell Lygon:

With rapture, Sibell looked at herself in a blue dress, entering the maze. “Father planted it from a design in Boy’s Own,” she said. “In the First World War, we gave a lot of wounded soldiers a jolly afternoon out. We led them to the centre of the maze and then ran away.” She tried not to smile. “It was awful.”

His other grandmother married Dudley Carew, Waugh’s school friend from Lancing. She showed him Carew’s diary in which Waugh had written annotations. Among them Waugh had:

pencilled down his rules for good writing:

“1. Avoid long conversations on general subjects. This is a mistake many people make. General conversations may only be allowed when they show character.

2. Don’t be slack about grammar and do quote accurately if you must quote.

3. For God’s sake don’t hold up the Wandering Jew as a literary or aesthetic show.

4. Don’t put down thoughts at such length, directly suggest – be subtle. Leave something to us readers.

5. Keep cutting out. Motto for artists of all sorts. Prune unessentials.”

The Telegraph has done itself proud with this articleThe online version is beautifully illustrated and well worth reading.

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Evelyn Waugh R.I.P.

Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh, writer, born October 28, 1903, died 50 years ago today on Easter Day 1966 in Combe Florey, Somerset. Requiescat in pace

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Waugh and Baby

The Daily Mail has printed the second and final installment of excerpts from Philip Eade’s new biography of Waugh to be published in July. Having devoted the first installment to his homosexual affairs at Oxford in the 1920s, this article tells about his heterosexual relationships in the 1930s London of the Bright Young People. 

There are, for example, several quotes from Waugh’s letters to Teresa “Baby” Jungman. These were not included in Waugh’s collected letters published in 1980 nor were they mentioned by previous biographers but became available only when Baby Jungman turned them over to Alexander Waugh, Evelyn’s grandson, a few years ago. At that time she was living in Ireland and was about 100 years old. Perhaps the most poignant of these letters quoted here is the one he wrote to Baby in 1933, after over three years of unrequited advances: 

On December 29, he wrote to Baby from a ship bound for Morocco: ‘You will say it was sly to go away without saying anything… But please believe it isn’t only selfish – running away from pain (though it has been more painful than you know, all the last months, realising every day I was becoming less attractive and less important to you) – but also I can’t be any good to you without your love and it’s the worst possible thing for you to have to cope with the situation that had come about between us.’

As it turns out he had, by the time he wrote that, already met the woman who was to become his second wife, Laura Herbert. This occurred in Portofino after he had taken a Mediterrean cruise on which he had met Laura’s sister, Gabriel, who invited him to stop at her family’s villa in Italy on the way back to England. Waugh mentions meeting Laura in a letter written in September 1933 to Katharine Asquith (Letters, p. 80). For some reason, this excerpt seems to suggest that their meeting took place only in 1935 at the Herberts’ home in Pixton Park: “But it wasn’t until January 1935 that Evelyn found a woman who could replace Baby in his affections.” That may be the date when Waugh realized he was in love with Laura, but he had met her more than 15 months earlier. (Martin Stannard, Evelyn Waugh: The Early Years, pp. 350-52; Selina Hastings, Evelyn Waugh: A Biography, pp. 284-87)

They were married in April 1937 after the Roman Catholic church had annulled his first marriage. He wrote to Baby shortly before his wedding describing his new wife:

‘She [Laura] is very young indeed. Very thin and pale with big eyes and a long nose – more like a gazelle really than a girl… silent as the grave, given to fainting at inopportune moments, timid, ignorant, affectionate, very gentle, doesn’t sing, Narcissus complex, looks lovely on a horse but often falls off. I love her very much and I think there is as good a chance of our marriage being a success as any I know.’ Baby was godmother to Laura and Evelyn’s first child, Maria Teresa, born in March 1938. Evelyn and Laura remained married until Evelyn’s death aged 62 in 1966.

 

 

 

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Performance Poem Inspired by Waugh Novel

Performance poet Luke Wright recently appeared at Selby Town Hall where he read his poem What I Learned from Johnny Bevan. As reported in the York Press, this was a one- hour performance of the poem which tells 

a politically charged story encompassing shattered friendships, class and social ceilings, and the Labour Party’s battle for its soul. At university the whip-smart, mercurial Johnny Bevan saves Nick, smashing his comfortable middle-class bubble and firing him up about politics, music and literature. Twenty years later, as their youthful dreams disintegrate alongside the social justice they had craved, can Nick, now a jaded music journalist, save Johnny from himself?

The book’s description is quoted from the back of its cover. The paper goes on to explain the poem’s roots in Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited:

Luke’s verse play also was informed by one of his favourite books, Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead (soon to be staged at York Theatre Royal incidentally in a new Bryony Lavery adaptation). “I was struck how the middle-class student, Charles Ryder, was fascinated by his upper-class friend, Sebastian Flyte,” he says. “In my piece, the middle-class Nick is fascinated by the brilliant working-class Johnny.”

After performing at last year’s Edinburgh Fringe and in a three-week run at London’s Soho Theatre, Luke will appear later this month in a private performance at the Palace of Westminster for MPs and parliamentary workers and at Scarborough’s Stephen Joseph Theatre in May.

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Survey of Waugh

The Catholic World Report has posted an article surveying Evelyn Waugh’s works from a Roman Catholic perspective. This is by Prof. Adam A.J. DeVille, St. Francis University, Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and is written on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Waugh’s death next week. The article includes a quote from what is probably Waugh’s least read book, Robbery Under Law and continues with a discussion of how Waugh was affected by the Vatican II Council. Prof. DeVille concludes:

In this Franciscan era, when we seem buffeted indeed by fashionable notions and airborne nostrums every other week, Waugh provides us with a handy, steadying heuristic amidst the chaos unleashed by churchmen over the last fifty years. When that chaos tempts Catholics to despair, Waugh’s writings remain, an abiding source of diverting delight, the splendid and often hilarious prose elevating our spirits and edifying our minds.

NOTE (11 April 2016): If you liked this post, you might want to know that Prof. DeVille has also posted a “second and longer” essay about Waugh’s books here. He is interested in Eastern Orthodoxy as well as Roman Catholicism and notes Waugh’s interaction with Orthodoxy in Abyssinia and Yugoslavia at the beginning of the essay. He then warns, however, that there may not be much more on that topic to follow. The “longer” essay is entitled “Eternal Memory Indeed” which is the roughly the Orthodox equivalent of Requiescat in Pace

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