A Little More Learning

Dr. Barbara Cooke, Research Associate at the University of Leicester for the Complete Works of Waugh project and editor of the volume containing Waugh’s autobiography A Little Learning has posted an article about how Waugh’s life at Oxford is reflected in that work.  She also compares that description with the Oxford passages in his fiction.  Her article concudes:

In his first term at Oxford, Waugh recounted a “subdued” happiness in adopting a sober and restrained undergraduate life. “A pity he didn’t continue,” opines Rowse. But what if he had? Could Waugh have written Brideshead Revisited if he had never loved Graham, or created Anthony Blanche without meeting Acton and Howard?

Rowse, son of a clay miner and holder of the “one miserable university scholarship for the whole county of Cornwall”, had every right to resent what he saw as Waugh’s wasting of an opportunity for which he, Rowse, had fought hard. But there was more than one kind of education on offer in Waugh’s Oxford; and in his case, a little learning was quite enough to engender a rich legacy of comic, lyrical and unforgettable works.

A.L. Rowse was a student contemporary of Waugh at Oxford and later a Fellow of All Souls and is included in a photo posted with this article. The full article is posted on the academic website The Conversation. The Complete Works A Little Learning volume is co-edited by the late John Howard Wilson who also founded the Evelyn Waugh Society and and was editor of its journal.

 

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Harry Mount on Brideshead Revisited

The Catholic Herald has marked the 50th anniversary of Evelyn Waugh’s death with a feature article by journalist and author Harry Mount on Brideshead Revisited. Mount begins with an assessment of the novel:

Fifty years after his death on April 10, 1966, Evelyn Waugh’s life and work still captivate us. It’s not hard to understand why – he is one of the prose stylists of the age, and one of its funniest writers. His comic gift is all the greater for being shot through with pleasing melancholy and joyful malice.

The curious thing is that, of all his books, it’s Brideshead Revisited that enchants the public more than any other. Waugh obsessives, including me, prefer A Handful of Dust – for its macabre chill – or  Scoop, for its mixture of comedy and eternal accuracy about the ridiculous side of journalism.

But it is Brideshead that dominates the popular vision of Waugh; Brideshead that was a huge hit in America after it came out in 1945; Brideshead that was made into the excellent Granada series in 1981, and the third-rate film in 2008.

Mount goes on the review the book’s themes and recounts the story of the making of the Granada TV film and its impact on Waugh’s popularity and reputation. In the course of the essay, Mount quotes a letter to Waugh from his great-aunt Pansy Lamb who was the recipient of one of the limited first editions of Brideshead Waugh sent out to 50 of his friends in 1944. She was one of those who thought Waugh may have gone a bit over the top in his book:

“All the richness of your invention, the magical embroideries you fling around your characters cannot make me nostalgic about the world I knew in the 1920s,” she wrote. “Nobody was brilliant, beautiful and rich and the owner of a wonderful house, though some were one or the other … Oxford, too – were Harold Acton and Co really as brilliant as that, or were there wonderful characters I never met? … You see English society of the 20s as something baroque and magnificent on its last legs … I fled from it because it seemed preposterous, bourgeois and practical and I believe it still is.” Waugh was shocked by this letter, but acknowledged in 1959 that he had gone over the top in his luscious, hedonistic descriptions…

Finally, Mount considers Waugh’s snobbery and the book’s treatment of the aristocracy and Catholicism and he concludes:

By celebrating a grand Catholic family, Evelyn Waugh hoped to kill two birds with one stone, slipping in the virtues of religion beneath the intoxication of sin. Brideshead Revisited repudiates the sins of the flesh but not snobbery, identified by Proust as a sin against the Holy Ghost. Still, without the snobbery, the book wouldn’t be nearly so irresistible.

 

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Free Thinking about Evelyn Waugh

BBC Radio 3 yesterday broadcast a panel discussion in its Free Thinking series about the life and works of Evelyn Waugh. As previously announced, the panel was moderated by Matthew Sweet and consisted of Alexander Waugh, the writer’s grandson, Adam Mars-Jones, author and critic, and Bryony Lavery, who recently adapted Brideshead Revisited for the stage. Added to the panel was Philip Eade, author of a new biography of Waugh to be published in July.

The panel ranged widely over Waugh’s career starting with a discussion of Brideshead and its adaptations. Lavery noted that in rehearsals for her theatrical production, the actors expressed concern with bits of the story they felt were important to them that had to be left out. Each was given the opportunity to mention in the performances at least one thing they wished had been preserved. 

When the panel discussed Waugh’s life, Alexander stressed his grandfather’s otherwise happy middle-class childhood, aside from the favoritism shown by his father to the elder son Alec. Sweet asked Philip Eade about a previously unreported 20 page memoir by Waugh’s first wife, the former Evelyn Gardner, relating to their brief marriage. According to Eade, this memoir tells her side of the story in which she explains that from the start there was “no chemistry between the couple in the bedroom.”

Adam Mars-Jones reported that he is working on a project to produce an opera from Waugh’s short autobiographical novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. A passage in which the voices Pinfold heard gossiping about him is read out as it might appear in an operatic recitative. Mars-Jones is in negotiations with the Waugh estate on going forward with the project. A clip from the BBC’s Frankly Speaking radio interview of Waugh from the 1950s was played, and it was afterwards noted that Waugh had truthfully, carefully and unemotionally answered the interviewers’ increasingly hectoring questions. It was this interview which is said to have triggered the halucinations Waugh suffered and described in Pinfold.

The program closed with Alexander Waugh’s answer to Sweet’s question about what  contemporary writers should learn from his grandfather. His answer: (1) How to put chaos into communicable form; (2) How to write intelligently and clearly; (3) How to put the depth of an entire novel onto a single page; and (4) How to make people laugh.

The program is available over the internet on BBC iPlayer.

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University of Texas Announces Final Details of Waugh Panel

The Faculty Seminar on British Studies and the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas-Austin will host a panel this Friday on the topic “Evelyn Waugh: His Visits to the United States.” The panel will consist of Martin Stannard and Barbara Cooke, both from the University of Leicester and the OUP Complete Works of Waugh Project in the UK, and Jeffrey Manley, a member of the Evelyn Waugh Society living in Austin. Here’s the University’s description of the program:

From the age of twenty-five, Waugh earned a substantial living as a novelist, journalist, and travel writer. His brilliant pre-war black comedies—Decline and Fall (1928), Vile Bodies (1930), Black Mischief (1932), A Handful of Dust (1934), and  Scoop (1938)—were popular in Britain but sold only modestly in the United States.

Brideshead Revisited became an American bestseller in 1945. It
transformed his career. The three editors will discuss Waugh’s trips to the United States, not least California, where he became fascinated with American funeral services and invented the character Mr. Joyboy—the mortician who leaves a beaming smile on the faces of embalmed bodies.

Martin Stannard is Professor of Modern English Literature at the University of Leicester. Barbara Cooke is editing Waugh’s autobiography, A Little Learning. Jeffrey Manley is active in the Evelyn Waugh Society and has written about Waugh’s 1948-49 trips to the United States.

The panel will convene in  the Tom Lea Rooms, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center 3.206, Friday, 8 April 2016, 2:45 for 3:00.

 

 

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Waugh’s Eton Envy

Commonweal magazine in its current issue has a review of Adam Sisman’s biography of novelist John le Carre. The review is by Jeffrey Meyers who has also written biographies of  several literary figures. Waugh features in the review in connection with le Carre’s brief career as a teacher at Eton College. This comes from Jeffrey Meyer’s own correspondence with le Carre in which Meyers had proposed to write his biography :

 In 1989 I had an angry exchange of letters with le Carré about my proposed biography, which he first allowed and then forbade. Later, he either forgot or forgave our quarrel and sent me two long handwritten letters. …. In a letter about Orwell (real name: Eric Blair) at Eton, le Carré wrote, “It always amused me that Blair-Orwell, who had been to Eton, took great pains to disown the place, while Evelyn Waugh, who hadn’t been to Eton, took similar pains to pretend he had.” He added that “Orwell remains an ideal for me—of clarity, anger, and perfectly aimed irony.”

Waugh may have wished he’d been to Eton (or even, for that matter, Sherbourne) rather than the more humble Lancing. But I don’t think he ever stooped to wearing an Old Etonian tie or exhibited other indicia of having “pretended” to have been a student there. One is reminded of Anthony Powell’s description of an exchange he once had with Waugh on this subject. Powell was discussing with Waugh his friendship with Ronald Knox, who was Powell’s neighbor in Mells, Somerset. In his memoirs, Powell wrote: 

I never saw much of Ronnie Knox, but always found him a man of delightful humour. Waugh had written that [Knox] could be chilly if surroundings were in the least unsympathetic. I said I had never noticed that. ‘You were at Eton and Balliol,’ Waugh replied. Anthony Powell, The Strangers All Are Gone (London 1982), p. 40.

Knox, like Powell, was an Old Etonian whose Oxford college was Balliol.

NOTE (14 April 2016): There is more on this topic in a recent Guardian story by Michael White about the troubles of David Cameron (tax shelters) and Archbishop Justin Welby (paternity), both Old Etonians:

What the two stories have in common, apart from eye-popping posh detail, is the glimpse they provide into how the other half – by which I mean the 5% – live, even in tough (for them) times. It is a world where there is always sensible tax-planning to be done and houses to be passed on efficiently to the next generation, sometimes in an atmosphere of sexual licence that might not be tolerated on a rough council estate. We know all this from fiction. The Etonian Anthony Powell’s mid-century novels and the dark comedies of Evelyn Waugh, more biting by virtue of his envious outsider status, tell the whole story, as newspaper readers were denied the real-life versions at the time by press lords’ censorship.

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BBC to Rebroadcast Waugh Radio Classics

BBC Radio 4 has posted schedules for next week in which two Waugh radio programs will be rebroadcast. The first is the 7 episode series of Sword of Honour from 2013. This was dramatized by Jeremy Front, whose adaptation won the Best Dramatisation Award in 2014 from the Drama Audio Awards. Episode 1 will be transmitted on BBC 4 Radio Extra in its Classic Serial series beginning on Monday, 11 April at 1000 (repeating at 1500 and 0300). Episode 2 will appear on Tuesday 12 April at the same times.  They will be posted on BBC iPlayer shortly after broadcast and may be monitored without geographic restriction. Schedules for subsequent episodes have not yet been announced. BBC last year broadcast Front’s adaptation of Waugh’s novel Decline and Fall.

The other program is an audio rebroadcast of Waugh’s 1960 Face To Face TV interview by John Freeman. This will appear 12 April on BBC Radio 4 Extra at 0630, 1330, 2030 and 0130 on and will be on iPlayer shortly after the first broadcast.

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Photo of Waugh’s 1947 U.S. Arrival Posted

Getty Images has posted a photo of Evelyn Waugh arriving in the U.S. on 31 January 1947. He is disembarking from the S.S. America in New York City and is on his way to Los Angeles to negotiate the sale of the film rights to Brideshead Revisited. That effort was unsuccessful, but Waugh did collect enough material on the trip to write another bestselling novel. This was The Loved One (1948) which was made into a film in 1965. His wife Laura accompanied him on this trip but is not in the photo.

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Black Sheets as Metaphor

The Straits Times has a story by its correspondent Corrie Tan about the teachers who introduced her to literature. One of them is Mr H who came to Singapore from England and taught her in Junior College. She meets him at a class reunion and talks with him about her school days:

“I still remember you telling us about black bedsheets in Decline And Fall,” I said, recalling Evelyn Waugh’s darkly comic social satire about British society that Mr H had dissected with us in class. “I don’t even know why I remember that specific metaphor”…

Late in the evening, as several of us were preparing to head home, a classmate asked Mr H if he would read us a passage from Decline And Fall, brandishing her well-thumbed book.

“What?!” he exclaimed. “Don’t be ridiculous!”

But he was grinning from ear to ear.

The black sheets appear in the opening scene of Decline and Fall as two college under officers are discussing the possible targets for attack by the members of the Bollinger Club who are gathering in the college quad. They expect that one chosen for harassment will be Partridge who “possesses a painting by Matisse or some such name [and has] black sheets on his bed.” Sure enough, later on as they assess the damage, they find that the clubmen “tore up Mr Partridge’s sheets, and threw the Matisse into his water jug” (Everyman, 1993, 2012, pp. 4-5). I wonder what the metaphor was about?

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Daily Mail Prints Excerpt From New Waugh Biography

The Daily Mail has printed an excerpt from the new biography of Evelyn Waugh which will be published in the U.K. in July. This is by Philip Eade and will be issued by Weidenfeld and Nicolson who also published Waugh’s Diaries and Letters. The excerpt tells the now familiar story of Waugh’s homosexual relationship with Alistair Graham at Oxford and of its contribution to  Brideshead Revisited and the relationship of Charles Ryder and Sebastian Flyte. One unfamiliar passage may be new material. This relates to the suggestion of rival affections for Alistair expressed by Harold Acton:

Among the queue of admirers was Evelyn’s friend Harold Acton, the writer and scholar, who gushed in a letter jointly addressed to Evelyn and Alastair: ‘I had erections to think of you two angels in an atmosphere salinated with choir boys and sacerdotal sensuality!’
He later described Alastair as a Pre-Raphaelite beauty and said that he had ‘the same sort of features as Evelyn liked in girls – the pixie look’.

Also new may be the suggestion that Evelyn tried to renew his relationship with Alistair after Evelyn’s first marriage broke up:

He was assumed … to have resumed his love affair with Alastair, a suspicion scarcely allayed by Evelyn’s tendency to camp it up and put on a high-pitched voice whenever they were together, which was most of the time.
The following year he went to stay at Barford when he was trying to start his third novel, Black Mischief, but found it impossible to work with Alastair around.
‘We just sit about sipping sloe gin all day,’ he complained to a friend. ‘I am reading all the case histories in Havelock Ellis [a doctor who studied human sexuality] and frigging too much.’
The last appearance of Evelyn’s name in the Barford visitors’ book was in 1932, by which time he had stayed there on more than 20 occasions. 

Barford is the home of Alistair Graham’s family in Warwickshire. Thanks to Dave Lull for emailing a link to this article.

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Guardian Announces Reopening of Scoop Venue

A recent Guardian article about Ethiopian jazz includes the announcement that the Taitu Hotel in Addis Ababa, described by Waugh in his writings as the favored venue of the press corps and damaged by fire last year, will reopen later this year:

A dark, dank jazz den attached to the Hotel Taitu playing gigs seven nights a week, Jazzamba is currently closed due to a fire last year but is expected to reopen later in 2016…For food, fill up on any of a variety of Wat (spiced stews) served on the much-revered injera (sourdough pancake) at the cheap and cheerful Taitu Hotel – Addis’s oldest, and the setting of Evelyn Waugh’s novel Scoop

As noted in an earlier post (12 January 2015) relating to the fire, “this was the hotel where the press corps stayed in great discomfort, four to a room. It was thinly disguised as the ‘Splendide’ in Waugh in Abyssinia and inspired the Hotel Liberty in Scoop. This was not, however, … where Waugh himself stayed while covering the war for the Daily Mail. As explained in William Deedes’ 2003 memoir, At War With Waugh (pp. 24-25), Waugh chose to stay in a less crowded billet. When Deedes arrived in Addis in 1935 to cover the looming war for the Morning Post, Waugh suggested that Deedes join him there. This was the Deutches Haus, called in Waugh’s novel “Pension Dressler.”

The Guardian’s article includes a photo of the Taitu Hotel looking in pretty good nick, but it doesn’t say when it was taken.

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