Histories: A Movement and a Prize

This week’s issue of the National Review contains a brief article assessing the status of William F Buckley’s conservative movement 10 years after his death. This is by Charles Correll III and begins by defining the questions faced today by Buckley’s movement:

By what set of beliefs should conservatives explain themselves today? To what extent are populism and economic nationalism antithetical to the limited-government ethos of Cold War conservatism? Has the end of the Cold War rendered the philosophy of limited government anachronistic? What shape must responsible conservatism take to address contemporary challenges? These are difficult questions that admit no easy answers.

After considering how the end of the Cold War and the introduction of the internet have effectively splintered conservatism into multiple, not necessarily coherent movements, Correll concludes with this invocation of Evelyn Waugh:

Though deeply indebted to the wisdom of the past, the modern intellectual conservative movement has never been defined by an attachment to a certain period of time, contrary to the claims of its critics and misinterpreters. Instead, it has asked itself — and, as Buckley said, must always ask itself — “what shape should the world take, given modern realities?” Conservativism distinguishes itself from liberalism because it addresses both parts of the question. Put differently, conservatives “acknowledge the need to live in this century,” yet “never, ever, to acclimate” themselves to it, as Buckley said of Evelyn Waugh. The perpetual challenge is to walk the fine line between acknowledging modern realities and becoming afflicted by them. No wonder that Buckley, like Whittaker Chambers, referred to conservatives as “cliff-dancers.”

The Scotsman carries a story reciting the history of the James Tait Black literary prizes in connection with the announcement of its latest shortlist. This award is described in the article by Brian Ferguson as a

… competition run by Edinburgh University for almost a century. … The James Tait Black Prizes, which are awarded annually for the best fiction and biography works published over the previous year, are said to be the only honours of their kind anywhere in the world which are handed out by a university. They are also the only major British book awards which are judged by scholars and students. This year’s contenders were drawn from more than 400 books. The two prizes, each worth £10,000, are traditionally judged by senior staff from within the English literature department, assisted by a reading panel of postgraduate students….[T]he competition was instigated in 1919 by Janet Coats, the widow of publisher James Tait Black, to commemorate her husband’s “love of good books”. The literary awards ceremony is staged annually during the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

The article also names several previous winners among whom are D H Lawrence, Graham Greene and Muriel Spark. Evelyn Waugh was also a winner in 1952 when Men at Arms, the first novel in his war trilogy, was selected.

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Brideshead Actress Dies in France

Actress Stéphane Audran who played Cara in the 1981 Granada TV production of Brideshead Revisited has died in France at the age of 85. She was married at one time to new wave film director Claude Chabrol and at another, to actor Jean-Louis Trintignant and was probably best known for her lead role in the film Babette’s Feast (1989). She also played in several notable films such as Luis Buñuel’s Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972) as well as other English language TV series such as Poor Little Rich Girl (1987) and The Sun Also Rises (1984). Her obituary appears in today’s Guardian.

In other news, Alexander Waugh will be speaking next month on the authorship of Shakespeare’s plays. His will be one of a series of lectures and panels during “Shakespeare Week” (23-26 April) at Brunel University in Uxbridge, West London. Alexander will appear in the program on Tuesday, 24 April and will discuss the topic described as follows:

By deciphering early edition encryptions, tracing hidden geometries and decoding grid patterns, Alexander Waugh says he can prove Shakespeare was not only a myth, he was actually Edward De Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford and he’s currently buried in Westminster Abbey. If true, the spirited scholar (who happens to be the grandson of novelist Evelyn Waugh) has lifted the lid on one of the most enduring mysteries of our time. Fantastical claim or revolutionary revelation? Decide for yourself as Alexander shares his evidence.

Finally, in an article in Spear’s magazine about the business of running English Country Houses (or, more to the point, about running English Country Houses as businesses), Waugh is cited near the conclusion:

Evelyn Waugh always said that the English country house – and its ideal – was our country’s greatest contribution to Western civilisation. Marketing ‘full service’ country or coastal properties to HNWs [high-net-worth individuals]– who regard £5,000 a week as a bargain compared to a week in Mustique or the Maldives – is a good idea. Not least because families now want ‘multi-generational’ holidays (bring the grandparents) with some educational, cultural and sporting appeal.

And in the latest issue of Vogue magazine there is an article in its “Wedding” section describing the details of putting together a successful “transatlantic relationship”–i.e., U.S.-U.K. marriage. This is written by Claire Straw who grew up in West Texas (Midland to be precise) but has been married happily for several years to an Englishman. She offers this by way of a descripton of what to expect from the introduction of a young American lady to an Englishman of her own age:

…Englishmen can get away with lots of seemingly feminine but amazingly fun things, like making a soufflé, talking at length about Evelyn Waugh, confessing a love for Winnie-the-Pooh and dressing like Bubble from Absolutely Fabulous for a party. No Texan boy had ever made me laugh with the witticisms, self-assuredness and unabashed romanticism of my new-found English man.

UPDATE (31 March 2018): The following entry appeared in the column of Jennifer Selway, Assistant Editor of the Daily Express:

Let’s revisit Brideshead

The great French film actress Stephane Audran died this week.

British viewers will remember her in her role as Cara, the mistress of Lord Marchmain (Laurence Olivier) in Granada TV’s 1981 production of Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited.

Right now I can’t think of anything nicer than the entire box-set and an uninterrupted Easter weekend – especially if the weather is as foul as we’ve been promised.

UPDATE 2 (11 April 2018): Derek Granger, producer of Granada’s Brideshead TV series, added his own recollections of working with Stéphane Audran in a letter to the Guardian:

…No actress could have confounded more absolutely Charles Ryder’s lurid expectation of “a voluptuous Toulouse-Lautrec odalisque”, or fitted more perfectly Waugh’s own conception: a “middle-aged, well-preserved, well-dressed, well-mannered woman”, the “neat prosaic figure” who briskly marshalled her two undergraduate charges, Ryder and Sebastian Flyte, as she guided them on their tour of the splendours of Venice.

Audran was an actress of great subtlety. In a later scene in Marchmain Palazzo (filmed in the Palazzo Barbaro), in which she gently confronted Charles with the truth about his relationship with Sebastian, her delicate expressiveness provided a masterclass in intimate scene playing.

Away from the set, Audran was an engaging colleague who offered a sometimes surprising twist to the workaday travails of a long location shoot. “Derek, who do you think I met today walking across the Yorkshire dales?” There was a second’s pause: “Derek, it was my skiing instructor.” What followed was a charmingly persuasive request for Granada to add another supernumerary to the hotel budget. The word which most readily conveyed her quality is appropriately a French one: insouciance.

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Waugh-Themed Visit to Campion Hall

One of our contributors (Milena Borden) made a visit last week to Campion Hall in Oxford. Here is her report:

The Secretary, Sarah Grey, arranged an appointment for me with Professor Peter Davidson who is the Senior Research Fellow and Archivist at the Hall. Davidson explained that articles on display at the Hall associated with Waugh are few in number, but there are three on permanent exhibition.

The first one is an Abyssinian religious painting of the Virgin Mary with the child Jesus, which hangs centrally in the hallway of the first floor. The painting is preserved behind a glass displayed in natural light with a beautiful blue color dominating the imagery which also has a Coptic inscription on the top. Waugh presumably brought it from his travels in Abyssinia in the 1930s and gave it as a gift to the Hall’s Collection.

The second object is a copy of Edmund Campion’s illegally printed book, which Davidson explained, Waugh must have bought on the book market in the 1930s before donating it to the Hall. It was rebound in red leather with delicate gold and is one of the five known copies of Rationes Decem (1587). The pocket size book is displayed in a glass cabinet covered with cloth together with other memorabilia including a silver box believed to have belonged to Campion containing traces of his blood.

Finally our small group of three reached the Chapel designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens with the Stations of the Cross on the walls leading to the Lady Chapel decorated by Charles Mahoney’s (1903-1968) mural commissioned by Waugh. (See previous post.) The gentle seasonal representation of the Lady is filled with garden flowers, creating a natural English botanical landscape feel. Waugh knew Mahoney, who worked over ten years on the mural and almost finished it except for one wall sketch in graphite. Davidson told me that the Chapel would have been almost the same during Waugh’s time. The mural is washed every five years with distilled water. As we were leaving the Chapel with an air of absolute order and stillness, we chatted a little bit about Waugh’s friendship with Father D’Arcy who was Master of the Hall (1933 – 1945) and a very important figure for English Catholicism.

At the end of my twenty five minutes visit, I took up a leaflet from a table display. On the back of it there was this description of the Campion Hall Collection:

“Many of the works of fine and applied art in the collection were gifts from the circles of writers, artists and patrons who visited, and were inspired by, Campion Hall and its ethos, most notably Evelyn Waugh.”

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Waugh Biographer Target of Poison Pen

Paula Byrne, is well known in this parish for her 2009 “partial life” of Waugh, Mad World: Evelyn Waugh and the Secrets of Brideshead. She has also appeared and submitted papers at two Waugh conferences, one of which was notably presented in the course of a bus tour through the back lanes of Somerset. Byrne has recently been the victim of a series of poison pen letters dating back to 2015.  These letters are addressed to her husband Prof Jonathan Bate, expert on Shakespeare and Provost of Worcester College, Oxford. According to a story by Richard Brook in the Sunday Times the first letter:

… described Byrne as a liability whose vulgar tweets gave the college a bad image. She was called “barely literate” and “pathologically vain”. Since then there have been 16 more anonymous letters, including remarks that Byrne is a “self-promoter” and “fat”. Bate showed the first letter to his wife, who was upset. Another came that April. It was a spoof, with some Shakespearean spellings, as if penned by Byrne herself.

The writer vows to ignore those “who say I look like a cross between a tranny and a Cheshire housewife”; purports to record “that one very cruel person told me my book on Waugh seemed ghostwritten”; and claims “Jonathan will never get bored of me because I have ‘infinite variety’ like Cleopatra, and I make him hungry where I most satisfy!” The fake Byrne also wonders, “if Jonathan dumps me, will I still be Laydy Bayte?” before confiding: “I get bored of men within two years unless they happen to be a passport to a glam life, which luckily my darling Jonathan is.”

In an attempt to make the best of a bad job from a trying situation, Byrne has now decided to take

… a writer’s revenge. She has created a novel, Look to Your Wife, turning the affair into fiction. Her book, to be published on April 5, features the newly knighted Sir Edward Chamberlain as a Tudor historian who is headmaster of a school, and his second wife, Lisa Blaize — Byrne is Bate’s second wife — a teacher, mother, fashion blogger, occasional writer of articles and tweeter. In the book, Blaize tweets and in return receives anonymous letters.

The story has provoked a stream of comments as well as a companion article in the Daily Mail by Phoebe Southworth.  Several of these comments are quite amusing, including some relating to the Sunday Times’ correspondent who is said to have written more than one previous article on this same couple. Perhaps the best comment, though, relates to one of the accompanying photos: “Nice sofa.” Waugh might have written that.

UPDATE (27 March 2018): Nonsubstative edits were made.

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Waugh Short Story to be Presented at Getty Center

Waugh’s 1930 short story “The Manager of ‘The Kremlin'” will be presented tomorrow as part of program called “Selected Shorts: A Celebration of the Short Story” at the Getty Center in Los Angeles. This is described as “an annual series featuring actors from stage, screen, and television reading classic and new short fiction.”  The title of this year’s event is “A Feast of Fiction”. Waugh’s story will be read by actor Dan Stevens who appeared in early episodes of the ITV/PBS series Downton Abbey. This story will be included in one of several groups of presentations during the weekend at the Getty Center’s Harold M Williams Auditorium. The program where this story appears will begin at 4pm on Sunday, 25 March. Details and ticketing arrangements may be found here.

Waugh’s story was published in John Bull magazine in mid-February 1930 as part of collection called “Real Life Stories–by Famous Authors”. It appeared a few weeks after the publication of Vile Bodies which was already by then an immediate success and had been reprinted several times. The story was not included in Waugh’s early collections but is available in the current collected stories volume. The Guardian had mentioned this story a few years ago when it named it as containing one of the Top 10 meal descriptions in literature. (See previous post.)

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Dramatist of WWII Yugoslavia Profiled

The Islington Tribune has published a profile of playwright James Hugh Macdonald. He has written a play called Happy Warriors based on the experience of Evelyn Waugh and Randolph Churchill in wartime Yugoslavia. (See previous posts.):

James Hugh Macdonald, a former soldier, diplomat and politics lecturer, turned to writing for the stage after the death of his wife and partner. He started work on Happy Warriors almost a decade ago. The 91-year-old, who lives on the top floor of a converted school in Angel, said he was “thrilled” at the prospect of seeing the play performed at Highgate’s Upstairs at the Gate­house theatre from Wednesday. “The great thing about Happy Warriors is that I enjoyed the work and the writing of it. But the professionals have been delighted by it too,” he said. […]

Happy Warriors, set in a farmhouse in Topusko, a small town in Croatia, formerly Yugoslavia, is based on a true story from World War II. The comic plot sees author Evelyn Waugh, best known for Brideshead Revisited, antagonised by Randolph, son of Winston Churchill, and also features a “belligerent” young cook. Mr Macdonald said: “When I read that Waugh and Churchill had been together in this farmhouse in Croatia and Waugh had got Churchill to read the Bible in a week, that seemed to me a godsend plot.

Waugh used his experience to describe Guy Crouchback’s service in Yugoslavia in his Sword of Honour trilogy. Waugh’s presentation copy of that book to Maurice Bowra is listed in a recent auction catalogue. It sold for £1100. The inscription is a simple one expressing Waugh’s “affectionate regards” for Bowra.

Plum Sykes, novelist and granddaughter of Christopher Sykes, Waugh’s friend and biographer, is interviewed in a recent issue of the Daily Telegraph. The interviewer asks her to identify her favorite books and among them is Brideshead Revisited, also written and set in WWII. Here’ s her explanaion for that choice:

My paternal grandfather was a writer and virtually best friends with Waugh. The sections of this book set in Oxford inspired me to go there.

Her latest novel (a mystery) is set in present-day Oxford and is entitled Party Girls Die in Pearls.

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Roundup: Six Novelists, Two of them Waughs

Maclean’s magazine has published an interview of Tom Rachman on the occsaion of the publication of a new novel, his third. This is entitled The Italian Teacher: “about an artist trying to find himself in the shadow of his painter father”. Rachman cites two of Evelyn Waugh’s novels in the course of the interview:

Q. It’s a thematically dense novel that’s also very funny. That seems to be an important mix for you.

A. I suppose my taste has always been at that border between terribly sad and amusing and funny, and not in a cruel way, I hope. But the funniest novels are the saddest novels or the saddest novels are the funniest ones sometimes. The films and literature I’ve loved best have often found humour in deeply upsetting situations. One that comes to mind is A Handful of Dust by Evelyn Waugh. The ending of it is absolutely extraordinarily poignant and painful and terrifying, but there’s wit from the first word. For me, all humour has that root to it—the fact that things end despite all our best efforts, that we are more likely to fail than to achieve, and yet amid that there’s amazing bliss to be had, including laughing at the preposterousness of it all.

Q. How autobiographical [are passages of your novel] at U of T?

A. My own time there was a couple of decades later, but the settings are ones I’m familiar with. It’s like the Rome of The Imperfectionists—I wasn’t there at the time of the novel but I have lived in Rome and used places that I felt confident about describing. Same with Toronto. The one thing very much rooted in my own life is that for Pinch’s university experience I really summoned my feeling of what it was like to attend U of T—that thrilling connection with characters I would never have met anywhere else, the way that opens up your life and changes you forever. I was trying to capture that, not to mention working in tiny little bits of Brideshead Revisited stuff, too.

In another interview on the website of Powell’s Books, Rachman is asked another question which includes Waugh in the answer:

Q. Offer a favorite passage from another writer.

A. From Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh: “Under a clump of elms we ate the strawberries and drank the wine — as Sebastian promised, they were delicious together — and we lit fat, Turkish cigarettes and lay on our backs, Sebastian’s eyes on the leaves above him, mine on his profile, while the blue-grey smoke rose, untroubled by any wind, to the blue-green shadows of foliage, and the sweet scent of the tobacco merged with the sweet summer scents around us and the fumes of the sweet, golden wine seemed to lift us a finger’s breadth above the turf and hold us suspended.”

Scottish novelist Allan Massie has written an essay for the Catholic Herald about Alfred Duggan, a reformed alcoholic who published several historical novels after drying out. He was a friend of Evelyn Waugh at Oxford. After university:

 …he travelled in the Levant and engaged in amateurish fashion in archaeology, but most of the time he drank, and would sit pickled in the libraries of great country houses turning over the pages of books in apparently listless fashion. How and why a man frees himself from the gin-trap of alcoholism is rarely clear. In Duggan’s case the war against Hitler and the recovery of his Catholic faith seem to have been determining influences. If alcoholism is a way of saying “no” to life, an expression of disappointment in life as sold to you, Duggan now found reasons to say “yes”. […]

In 15 years he wrote 15 novels, none of them a dud, half-a dozen books of popular history and others for children. All the novels are set in the Middle Ages or the ancient world. […] All his novels, as I remember, have a first-person narrator. We may assume, if we choose, that Duggan has translated their words into an elegant, neutral modern English. His style is spare, unvarnished, economical, rich in irony. His friend Evelyn Waugh thought that “a particular palate” was required to savour these novels. I think he was right. You are fortunate if you have such a palate.

The rest of the article is behind a paywall. It can be noted here, however, that Waugh describes Duggan at some length in A Little Learning (CWEW, v 19, pp. 168-69) and emphasizes the amount of alcohol Duggan consumed as an undergraduate as being notable in what was a generally boozy generation. He was a dark horse to become a writer, as Waugh puts it, but possessed a retentive memory and “had a way of storing up recondite information which became available when he heroically overcame” his drinking problem. […] “At all his luncheon parties he had a ghostly place laid (often occupied) for any one he might have invited when drunk and forgotten.” Several of Duggan’s novels are still in print.

Novelist and literary critic D J Taylor has written an essay for TLS on the subject of “Writerly Dedications.” Evelyn Waugh, although not named, is cited for having dedicated Decline & Fall to his mentor, Harold Acton. This despite (or perhaps because of) the fact that Acton had told him to destroy his first novel, The Temple at Thatch (advice which Waugh followed). Alec Waugh is mentioned as a writer who made dedications which caused complications. When Alec wrote his late erotic spy comedy A Spy in the Family he decided to dedicate it to Vyvyan Holland who had recently died. According to Taylor:

After some thought, Waugh came up with: “To the memory of a deeply missed friend, this indelicate story that contains no indelicate words.” Waugh was shocked to receive…via a solicitor, a complaint from Holland’s widow that the novel, though no doubt amusing, contains several descriptions of abnormal sexual activities” and that “the dedication of such a book to her husband might be taken as implying that he was a devotee of such or similar practices.” There is no sign of the deeply missed friend in A Spy in the Family’s  paperback edition.

It might have been helpful if Taylor had mentioned, in the widow Holland’s defence, that her late husband was the second son of Oscar Wilde, raising a reasonable expectation of possible sensitivity on such matters. As Taylor notes later in the article, Alec is one of the few authors to have addressed in writing the entanglements into which he had fallen due to his book dedications. This was in a volume of his autobiography: A Year to Remember: a reminiscence of 1931. Thanks to Peggy Troupin for sending a copy of Taylor’s article

Finally, the website Visit Britain has posted a collection of places to visit associated with the 2008 film adaptation of Brideshead Revisited. In addition to Castle Howard in Yorkshire where exteriors and some interiors for Brideshead Castle were filmed, there are other places with less well known associations. These include Eltham Palace in South London where interiors for the ocean liner scenes were filmed and Oakworth Station also in Yorkshire where Brideshead exteriors were shot. The website also promises that “you can witness the fresh 20th century design and view the room where Charles Ryder hung his jungle paintings for a one of a kind aristocracy-inspired journey,” but I was unable to find an entry explaining the location of this room.

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Powell and Betjeman in Oxford; Greene in September

The Anthony Powell Society has announced that it will hold a conference in late summer at Merton College in Oxford. The subject will be Anthony Powell and the Visual Arts and the dates are Friday 31 August to Sunday 2 September. Among the speakers will be Hilary Spurling whose biography of Powell was recently published. She will speak on “Powell and the London Art Scene.” Also scheduled are talks by Prof Peter David of Campion Hall on “John Aubrey’s Drawings” and Prof Nigel Wood an editor on the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh project who wll speak on “Powell’s Modernism.” Complete details are available at this link.

The John Betjeman Society has also scheduled an Oxford event. This is a half-day program on “JB’s Oxford” scheduled for Tues, 12 June at 1430. Details available here.  Here’s a description:

A guided walk led by Andrew McCallum with poetry and prose along the way, starting outside The Dragon School where JB’s association with Oxford began when he arrived as an 11 year old in 1917 and ending at The Painted Room, Cornmarket, where JB worked for The Oxford Preservation Trust in the late 1940s. There, a member of the Trust’s staff will join us to talk briefly about the work of the Trust and the Painted Rooms with its Shakespearean associations. Walk duration: about 1 hour 45 minutes, distance covered: about 2 miles.

The Graham Greene Birthplace Trust has also announced some advance details for their annual International Festival to be held this September in Berkhamstead. The final program will be announced in May. Here’s a description from their website:

We have a singer/songwriter who has produced some brilliant, thoughtful tracks on Greene – and whose name I shall release in  […] May! We also have two amazing films, May We Borrow Your Husband? (1986), starring Dirk Bogarde and Charlotte Attenborough, and Under the Garden (1976) [….] The programme is nearly full, but I do not wish to give too much away too soon, therefore I shall tantalise your taste-buds with the names of two speakers: Professor Mark Bosco S.J. of Georgetown University will deliver a talk, as will festival favourite, Emeritus Professor François Gallix of Paris IV-Sorbonne; the subjects that they shall address shall also follow in May […], when I shall include the line-up for the festival in full.

 

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Evelyn Waugh on BBC’s “Evil Genius” Podcast

BBC has posted the episode of comedian Russell Kane’s “Evil Genius” podcast series that features a consideration of Evelyn Waugh. The idea is to have a panel decide whether each episode’s subject was more evil or more genius. Previous episodes considered John Lennon and Marie Stopes. The Waugh episode panel consisted of scriptwriter Jolyon Rubinstein and two actresses: Sadie Harrison and Ellie White. The first 5-6 minutes is taken up with determining that none of the panelists had any knowledge or preconceived notion of Waugh, the person or the writer, beyond some familiarity with Brideshead Revisited. Kane never established, however, any discipline over the panel who consistently spoke over each other, making the podcast difficult to follow.

Kane tried to begin what never comes close to resembling a discussion by reading an example of what he considers Waugh’s flawless prose. The sample he selects comes from near the end of Brideshead Revisited (1960 C&H ed., p. 333):

…perhaps all our loves are hints and symbols; vagabond-language inscribed on gate-posts and paving-stones along the weary road that others have tramped before us; perhaps you and I are types and this sadness which sometimes falls between us springs from disappointment in our search, each straining through and beyond the other, snatching a glimpse now and then of the shadow which turns the corner always a pace or two ahead of us.

Having established Waugh’s writing genius, Kane tries to give a very brief summary of his life and works. Then he launches into the “evil” side of the balance, and the panel become fully engaged: he was snobbish, cruel, a bully, racist and antisemitic, misanthropic–pleasant to read but unpleasant in person. Kane confesses his own snobbishness when, growing up on a council estate, he always wished to belong to the middle class, whereas the middle class Waugh always wished to be part of the upper class. Then, as an example of Waugh’s cruelty, Kane describes his treatment of his son Auberon after he was wounded in the Army. Evelyn not only refused to visit Auberon (although it is not mentioned that he was hospitalized in Cyprus) but, after receiving a letter from Auberon in which he expresses gratitude to his father in contemplation of what was then thought to be his imminent death, Evelyn cut off Auberon’s allowance. Kane never got the panel away from obsessing over this particular bit of seemingly gratuitous child neglect. One of them thought even naming his son “Auberon” was an example of cruelty.

SPOILER ALERT: Those who want to listen to the 27-minute podcast should stop here. When Kane took a poll of the panel, they voted unanimously that Evelyn Waugh was more evil than genius. My own guess is that Kane himself would have voted the other way but was too effective at being devil’s (or evil’s) advocate.

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Julia’s Meltdown and Church Unity

In the latest issue of the Roman Catholic journal Commonweal, there is a review of a book called To Change the Church by Ross Douthat, the conservative commentator on the New York Times. The review is entitled “A Precarious Unity?” and is written by Paul Baumann, Commonweal’s editor. It opens with an extended discussion of the scene in Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited where Bridey announces that he won’t bring his new wife Beryl to visit Brideshead Castle while Julia and Charles (both divorced and planning to marry) are living there:

Julia rushes out of the house, engulfed in a grief she fights against and only barely understands. “Living in sin, with sin, by sin, for sin, every hour, every day, curtains drawn on sin, bathing it, dressing it, clipping diamonds to it, showing it around, giving it a good time, putting it to sleep at night with a tablet of Dial if it’s fretful,” she sobs hysterically. The soliloquy goes on for some time, and Waugh later regretted the melodramatic nature of the scene. The novel ends, of course, with Julia giving up her “adulterous” marriage to Charles and returning to the church, and with Charles’s seemingly miraculous conversion to a Catholicism he had long disdained. God’s mysterious grace triumphs over wayward human desire. If the novel’s sexual renunciations were incomprehensible to many, the heroic romanticism of the abnegations resonated powerfully with Catholics, who had long been firmly schooled in the indissolubility of marriage and the impossibility of divorce and remarriage. For my parents’ generation, the rejection of divorce was a profound marker of Catholic identity in a less demanding—or more forgiving—Protestant environment. A host of sins could be forgiven as long as the marriage remained, at least publicly, intact. Whatever one’s private failings, the public permanence of marriage upheld the church’s authority and reputation. Brideshead celebrated this heroic constancy, and, thanks to sales in America, it became Waugh’s bestselling book.

Waugh and Brideshead have remained especially popular with so-called orthodox Catholics. This was no doubt abetted by the excellent 1981 BBC adaptation of the novel, which was introduced, with patrician conviction, on American television by William F. Buckley Jr. [… ] Ross Douthat, a protégé of Buckley’s, shares the high romantic vision of Catholicism that suffuses Waugh’s novel. In [his book], Douthat makes a fervent case against the pope’s efforts to find some sort of pastoral solution that would allow Catholics who have divorced and remarried without an annulment to receive Communion. He argues, in thoughtful but nevertheless melodramatic terms, that the church’s “vision of marriage’s indissolubility, its one-flesh metaphysical reality, was crucial to Christianity’s development and spread. It was sociologically important, because it made such a stark contrast with the sexual landscape of ancient Rome.” He does not note that it took many centuries for this teaching to take its final form, and even then observance was often the exception rather than the rule. Child bearing, for example, often came before marriage vows (as it still does).

The reviewer proceeds, without resort to melodrama, to offer a refutation of the case for the status quo on this matter as presented in Douthat’s book and to support the actions of the current Pope. The article concludes:

The triumphalist Catholicism of Brideshead is that of a church proudly at war with a post-Christian world. Whatever its real virtues and achievements, that “fortress” is not a place Catholicism can revisit—not unless it is willing to repudiate Vatican II. Francis, whatever his shortcomings, knows that in a way his predecessors, for understandable reasons, could not.

Commonweal has provided a forum in which those who wish to comment on the article may do so. The 1981 TV Brideshead adaptation was made by Granada TV for ITV, not the BBC. It was broadcast on PBS in the USA in Channel 13’s Great Performances series.

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