Peter Fleming’s War Career (More)

In the current New Criterion, D J Taylor reviews the recent biography of Peter Fleming, brother of Ian and friend of Evelyn Waugh. See previous post. Before addressing the contents of this biography, which covers his military career, Taylor discusses Fleming’s life before WWII, concluding that discussion with this:

[In 1938] Fleming was installed in Merrimoles House on a two-thousand-acre estate in Oxfordshire given to him by his uncle Phil. As well as furnishing him with a home and the occupation of a country squire, the locale also gave him the chance to indulge the great hobby of his life. This, it seems fair to say, was killing things. Even Alan Ogden’s Master of Deception, [the book under review] a punctilious and notably well-researched account of Fleming’s military career, can’t quite ignore the altogether exceptional havoc that its subject wreaked on the fauna of the United Kingdom (and other places) during his five decades or so behind a rifle sight.

Waugh knew Fleming and records in his Diaries a brief meeting with him in 1932 just as Fleming was returning from Brazil (where he gathered material for his Brazilian Adventure) and Waugh was leaving for Guyana. Waugh was looking for advice about the kit he was taking along on a trip to gather material for Ninety-Two Days. Waugh also met up with Fleming in North Africa in WWII where Fleming was looking for Army customers to use secret espionage appliances developed under his supervision. See previous post.

Taylor also mentions Waugh’s war writings in connection with Fleming’s military career:

As for the military environment that Fleming found himself in between his re-enlistment in the Grenadier Guards in 1939 and his eventual demobilization seven years later, it takes only a chapter of Master of Deception to establish that, if conducted at a stratospherically higher level, this was a version of Crouchback’s war—as in the hero of Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour trilogy. […] There is a literal connection, too, for in the Norwegian campaign Fleming served as aide-de-camp to the legendary one-eyed, one-armed, death-defying General Adrian Carton de Wiart, the model for Waugh’s Brigadier Ben Ritchie-Hook, who returns from a raid on the African coast with a sentry’s severed head. Here the real-life de Wiart confines himself to marching off with unimaginable sangfroid through a village being obliterated by Heinkel bombers in search of rations. “Better get rid of those egg-shells,” he instructs Fleming on his return; “Don’t want the place in a mess.”

Fleming admired de Wiart, whose biography he mysteriously failed to complete, and was admired by him in return. Meanwhile, Ogden’s account of Fleming’s time in Greece emphasizes just how closely he and his fellow soldiers share some of the attitudes quietly on display in Men at Arms, Officers and Gentlemen and Unconditional Surrender. There is, for example, the undisguised contempt for foreigners. […] Like Waugh, he is no fan of the Royal Air Force, routinely describing its representatives as “mongrels” and remarking of the raf men attached to the party during the retreat from Greece that “they all flap and gas and give a sorry exhibition.” […]

On his demob from the army, Fleming declined the offer of a safe Conservative seat in parliament, detached himself from the Times hierarchy, and spent the last quarter century of his life managing his estate and, after a slow start, writing best-selling works of popular history. It was almost as if a part of him realized that the world he had strode through so blithely in the 1930s was dead. “You’re the flower of England’s youth,” one of Crouchback’s friends observes in Men at Arms, “and it just won’t do.” […]

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Brideshead Festival Postponed

The organizers of the Brideshead Festival scheduled for this summer at Castle Howard have announced its postponement. Here is a copy of their press release:

“In the interest of the health and the well-being of our participants, visitors, employees and partners, given the current situation with COVID-19, we have taken the decision to postpone The Brideshead Festival which was scheduled for June 2020. We will continue to monitor the situation in order to decide when the Festival will be reinstated. In the meantime, please accept our apologies for the inconvenience caused, we are all disappointed to have had to take this decision.”

Those with tickets can find details about refunds at this link.

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Group ’27

Spanish novelist and critic Jose Joaquin Bermudez Olivares posting on the Spanish literary website Todo Literatura has nominated a generation of English writers as Group ’27. He refers to a group of Spanish writers with a similar denomination, although their relevance to the English group is not particularly clear. It should be noted in this regard that the computer translation of the essay leaves much to be desired. Olivares introduces the English writers as follows:

All temporal division is relative, but there are several factors that lead me to use ’27 to characterize the authors that I will cite below. Born just after the death of Queen Victoria (1901) and, therefore, Edwardians – a term that would later become almost pejorative – affected in their adolescence by the Bolshevik coup of 1917, too young to fight in World War I, university students around 1921 (the annus mirabilis of In Search of Lost Time, Ulysses, Mrs. Dalloway …, they live through the general strike of 1926 at the end of their educations and they start publishing around 1928. We are talking about great men (and women) like George Orwell (Eric Blair), Cyril Connolly, Evelyn Waugh, Nancy Mitford, Henry Green, Anthony Powell … without wishing to be exhaustive.

Olivares then, without much justification, strikes Orwell from the list. This is explained because he didn’t attend Oxford, as did the others (except Mitford), nor did he associate himself with each of them, as they did with each other. That is not entirely fair since Orwell did attend Eton with Connolly, Powell, and Green, and was friends of both Connolly and Powell and, latterly, with Waugh. Mitford is also somewhat set apart as the only aristocrat at a time when English women rarely enrolled in universities. Conspicuous by his absence is Graham Greene (b. 1904) who was a student at Balliol College, Oxford.

Olivares next briefly explains the importance of the group:

It can be said that, at the time, the one with the greatest impact was Waugh, better known now for Brideshead Revisited (and the unforgettable television series […]),  than for, at the time, the massive sales successes with his youthful novels: Vile Bodies, A Handful of Dust, Decline and Fall, Scoop …, that the most cultured was Cyril Connolly (author of The Unquiet Grave and for many years editor of the influential Horizon magazine), the most hermetic, Henry Green  (pseudonym of H. Yorke), author of Party Going and the finest and most elegant, Anthony Powell (at least so thought his friend Kingsley Amis), with his dozen novels grouped together as A Dance to the Music of the Time.

The influences on the Group of ’27 are then considered:

[…] If we had to seek intellectual influences on these authors, I would look at their “older brothers”: Aldous Huxley (1894), Dorothy Sayers (1893) or Maurice Bowra (1898). It should be noted that social environment, the milieu, is more important to them than ideology: they wrote about each other, lived in daily contact, frequented the same places in London and identical vacation destinations … they were an elite within a very small social group. Nancy Mitford amused herself in compiling a glossary of terms used by the upper class […].

It would also suffice to read Waugh’s A Little Learning on Connolly [? TambiĂŠn bastarĂ­a con leer Una educaciĂłn incompleta de Connolly sobre Waugh], Powell’s At Lady Molly’s or Mitford’s Love in a Cold Climate (Waugh himself was in love with her sister Diana and, after her wedding to the heir to the Guinness brewery, dedicated to the couple his Vile Bodies of 1930). Not all of these works are necessarily of the roman a clef type, but the “joyful deathbeds” [? “alegres lechos de muerte”], to use an expression of Connolly, which fill them are often their own shared or solitary beds.

An important point would be who can we consider as the [literary] influence on this group? […] Curiously, those references seem to be all poetic: Eliot, Pound, Yeats, Apollinaire, ValĂŠry … but only Connolly occasionally wrote poetry; it is true that Eliot and ValĂŠry were important critics. On the other hand, it is curious that these referents were politically “reactionary”, at least in an aesthetic sense and, in the case of Pound even with criminal consequences, while Mitford, Orwell and Connolly were, nominally Marxist, with a strong commitment during the Spanish Civil War.

Thus it seems that, like most groups, these “twenty-sevens” were more aligned “against” than “for”. […] The question that  arises is whether today, a century later, Conrad and James are more provincial than Waugh or Powell.

Or perhaps it is that literature is a continuum, where each work occupies its place, like a tile, in the great mosaic that we contemporaries, too close, cannot see; and groups, schools and generations are mere mnemonic pretexts to save us the effort of detailed and conscious reading. Fortunately, many of these authors’ works have recently been rescued in Spanish […]. Perhaps this time of isolation is a good occasion for your (re) reading.

Olivares was originally an academic biochemist but switched professions, publishing his first novel in 2017: El ultimo de Cuba. As noted above, the Google translation of his essay is not particularly good in this case. Some of our readers may want to comment or correct the edited version quoted above or discuss some of the deleted portions of the essay that defied editorial efforts. The Spanish original is available at this link.

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Waugh’s Bananas in New Essay Collection

A new essay collection published last month includes an item devoted to the anecdote told by Auberon Waugh about his father consuming the first post-war bananas available to his family in front of his fruit-deprived children, some of whom had never even seen a banana. The book is entitled Something that May Shock and Discredit You and was written by Daniel Mallory Ortberg, a transgender writer who has subsequently married and become Daniel M Lavery. Ortberg’s previous works include Texts from Jane Eyre (2014): a NYTimes bestseller consisting, according to Wikipedia, of “imagined famous literary characters exchanging anachronistic text messages”.

The new collection contains as Chapter 8 a short essay entitled “Evelyn Waugh and the Opposite of Communion”. It examines Waugh’s alleged banana gorging against the words of the liturgy for Communion, not to Waugh’s credit. Here’s an excerpt from near the beginning of the essay:

I think of this story often, which seems over-the-top even for Evelyn Waugh, and how unpleasant the dish must have seemed by at least the second bite: a sort of raw bananas Foster, the sugar grainy and undissolved, the cream slopping everywhere, the sheer size of the thing, the unrelenting monotony of a mouthful of wet banana. The story has everything: joyless dessert eating, public enforcement of family discipline, excess without taste, banana peels, the showiness of hoarding pleasure. Sad English childhoods always sound like caricatures of themselves, yet they’re somehow all true. It doesn’t matter if the inheritance is tasteless and unappetizing: a child knows his rights and objects to watching a tasteless banana that is rightfully his go to his father all the same. “If a brother or sister is naked and without food and one of you says to them, Depart in peace, be warmed and filled, but do not give them the things which are needed for the body, what does it profit them? Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead” (James 2:15-17). A child might not know what a banana tastes like, and a child might suffer for the longing of it just the same.

I seem to recall reading recently that Auberon in his autobiography substituted bananas for caviar as the short-supply comestible item Waugh greedily consumed before his children. It would be hard to imagine a child who felt disappointment in being excluded from a share of that product, at least for the first time. Waugh’s youngest son Septimus describes Auberon’s autobiography as

… a quixotic version of the truth, containing among many other anecdotes a story about Evelyn devouring the wartime banana ration intended for his children. This, it’s true, had a reprise in my lifetime — transformed into caviar. One Christmas an American heiress, Mrs Cutting, had decided to adopt our needy English family and had sent a Christmas hamper which included a small pot of caviar. This my father consumed solo in front of his six beady-eyed children. Maybe it was a little greedy, but what fortitude! Most fathers would hide it to share with a significant other when the crowds had dispersed. (“Oh, what a lovely Waugh,” Spectator, 22 March 2016).

 

 

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Cecil Beaton Exhibit @ NPG (More)

–The curator of the National Potrait Gallery’s Cecil Beaton exhibit (Robin Muir) has posted several photos (some with his comments) of the exhibit. There is one on Instagram showing Henry Lamb’s portraits of Evelyn Waugh and Cecil Beaton hanging next to each other. The portrait to the left of Cecil is Constant Lambert by Christopher Wood. Here’s the link. You may have to scroll up to see Robin Muir’s comments, but it’s worth the effort. They are copied below in case they prove elusive:

rkm_muir
🎟 MEDITATIVE 🎈Portraits by Henry Lamb and Christopher Wood • This is likely the first time Evelyn Waugh and Cecil • (Both by Henry Lamb) • Have knowingly been in the same room together • For an extended period of time at least • Since Heath Mount Prep School, Hampstead • (E was absolutely HORRID to C • And C never forgot it) • Cecil has so many connections to Christopher Wood too • (Left, his portrait of Constant Lambert) • Not least acquiring Reddish House from poor dead Kit’s parents 💥🖤 #nationalportraitgallery
#cecilbeaton
#brightyoungthings

For additional photos from the NPG exhibit, link to Robin Muir’s website.

–Muir, who is also a contributing editor of Vogue’s London edition, will give a talk on Friday, 20 March at the NPG entitled “’When I Die I want to Go to Vogue’: Cecil Beaton’s Most Enduring Patron”. This will be at 19:00p in the gallery’s Ondaatje Wing Theatre. Tickets and other details are available at this link.

–According to its website (as of 13:30p GMT, 16 March 2020), the NPG at Trafalgar Square is currently open daily from 10:00a-18:00p, Friday until 21:00p. It has also posted this advice relating to the Wuhan virus epidemic: “In line with government guidelines, the Gallery is open for business as usual. We are closely monitoring the situation and will continue to act on the advice of the Government and Public Health England.” See update.

–The current issue of the London edition of Vogue also carries a story by Muir about the decision to mount an exhibit limited to the early years of Beaton’s career. As Muir explains:

…virtually every exhibition of his work to date has been a career-long survey. Yet Beaton’s whimsical early years as a photographer deserve special attention. Opening at the National Portrait Gallery on 12 March, Cecil Beaton’s Bright Young Things traces Beaton’s artistic development from 1924, when he began considering where photography might take him, through to the end of the 1930s, when World War II forced British Vogue – and Beaton – to radically change its style. It was during the first decades of his life, which Beaton called the “uprise”, that his ear for a name and eye for a beauty were at their keenest, especially if either might advance him. That fact is manifestly apparent in the wonderful luminosity of the vintage prints in the exhibition – many of which show, with tears and abrasions, the patina of age, lucky survivors entirely out of step with the digital age.

UPDATE (18 March 2020): The NPG has announced that it will be closed after today, Wednesday 18 March. The lecture on Friday is cancelled and whether it will be rescheduled is unknown.

 

 

 

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Waugh Things First

The religion and public policy journal First Things has posted two articles with discussions of works written by Evelyn Waugh:

–The first is a review of a novel by Randy Boyagoda entitled Original Prin that has been described as a satirical comedy about a suicide bomber living in Canada. Reviewer Gregory Wolfe in the current print edition of the journal notes this connection to a satirical novel by Waugh:

In [Original Prin’s] opening it’s hard not to hear an echo of Evelyn Waugh’s A Handful of Dust, the first words of which are: “Was anyone hurt?” Indeed, Waugh is the modern master in whose steps Boyagoda follows. In the typical Waugh satire, you have a passive protagonist—more acted upon than acting—combined with a detached narrative voice that delivers its zingers in absolute deadpan. A classic example would be the passage from Waugh’s Decline and Fall describing a university club: “There is tradition behind the Bollinger; it numbers reigning kings among its past members. At the last dinner, three years ago, a fox had been brought in in a cage and stoned to death with champagne bottles. What an evening that had been!”

Original Prin owes more than a stylistic debt to Waugh, since ­Boyagoda shares his mentor’s Catholic faith and mordant attitude toward contemporary political cant and moral disarray. …

To understand how this all works out, one needs to read the review (or perhaps even better, the novel).

–An article on the First Things website considers the 1947 short story “The Trouble” by J F Powers. This relates to a race riot in the American Midwest and how it affected both white and African-American Roman Catholics. Joshua Hren writes:

…The First Commandment of Fiction has mutated from “write what you know” to “stay in your lane.” But this rule is at odds with the essence of good fiction. […] In his short story “The Trouble,” the American Catholic writer J. F. Powers (1917–1999) doesn’t observe the new First Commandment of Fiction. Rather, he weaves between black and white lanes. By imagining the particularities of a Catholic African-American family, he thereby makes tangible the universality of the faith. […]

Powers was mentored by Waugh in his early years (beginning after “The Trouble” was written), and Hren mentions how Waugh himself wrote about his own impression of the African-American Roman Catholics in his 1949 essay on the Catholic Church in America:

As Powers’s friend Evelyn Waugh wrote, in America black Catholics faced “sharper tests” than their white co-religionists, for the source of their persecution was not only Protestant prejudice but also “fellow-members in the Household of the Faith.” In “The American Epoch in the Catholic Church,” Waugh lauds the African-American faithful whose supernatural knowledge of their creed surpassed that of their hypocritical clergy: “Honour must never be neglected to those thousands of coloured Catholics who so accurately traced their Master’s roads amidst insults and injury.”

Waugh’s essay was published in Life magazine and is reproduced in EAR. The original magazine version is also available to read online. Hren goes on in his article to explain how Powers got into his own “trouble” in working out what happens when the two conflicting races share the same faith in the American Catholic church.

–The Spectator’s Australian edition finds an example of a Waugh character from another of his 1930s novels in today’s news:

…the World Health Organisation […] has played an extraordinary role in attempting to whitewash China’s appalling mismanagement of the [Wuhan virus] outbreak — but its Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, seems to have stepped straight off the pages of Evelyn Waugh’s Black Mischief. Like Seth, ‘Emperor of Azania, Chief of the Chiefs of Sakuyu, Lord of Wanda and Tyrant of the Seas, Bachelor of the Arts of Oxford University,’ Tedros was educated in England and set about modernising Ethiopia after joining the Tigray People’s Liberation Front and becoming health and foreign minister. […] Tedros was enthusiastically backed by China for the top job at WHO. He set the tone for his tenure by making Robert Mugabe a Goodwill Ambassador in recognition of his contribution to Zimbabwe’s healthcare.

–Another character from Black Mischief is mentioned in an article on the tax avoidance consequences of the British policy of what is called “Acceptance in Lieu” (or “AiL”). Under this scheme, death duties may be avoided or mitigated when artwork or property from the deceased’s estate is donated to the state or a qualifying charity. The article posted on the arts website artzy.net uses a Waugh quote to explain a result of this policy:

The English author Evelyn Waugh, in Basil Seal Rides Again, or The Rake’s Regress (1963), colorfully lamented the decline of the great country houses that had fallen into the hands the National Trust, the public body responsible for looking after donated houses: “You know what [the country house is] like as well as I do. Oh the hell of the National Trust…all the rooms still full of oilcloth promenades and rope barriers and Aunt Barbara in the flat over the stables and those ridiculous Sothills in the bachelors’ wing.”

The story details a historical moment when, due to high inheritance duties, many large houses were being donated to the nation to avoid crippling tax bills. Thousands of aristocrats were forced to leave their houses, or reside in closed-off annexes, while their great halls were opened to tourists. This change in circumstances for the upper classes was accelerated by the AiL.

Waugh’s short story, originally published as a limited edition book, is available in his Collected Stories.

 

 

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Book List Roundup: Wuhan Virus Edition

The unfilled hours produced by the disruptions of the Wuhan virus seem to call for more reading and, thus, have apparently inspired the compiling and posting of book lists. Several of these include books by Evelyn Waugh:

–The Milwaukee Magazine lists 9 Catholic books to read while you’re staying home from Mass. One of these is Brideshead Revisited:

I actually didn’t like this book that much. Sorry. But all the other Catholic book people really seem to be into it, so I guess it should be included on this list. It’s very English. Lot of fancy people and dinners and stuff. Also the big house is a metaphor for the Church. So there’s that.

Other more positively recommended books include The Seven-Story Mountain by Thomas Merton (which Waugh edited for the UK edition that was retitled Elected Silence), The Power and the Glory by Graham Greene, the Father Brown Stories by G K Chesterton (also featured in Brideshead)  and Love in the Ruins by Walker Percy.

Forbes Magazine recommends 10 “armchair travel books” to carry you through the epidemic. One is by Waugh:

When the Going Was Good, by Evelyn Waugh. This is a compilation of excerpts from four travel books that Waugh wrote between 1929 and 1935. He is forever the Englishman as outsider, but his observations, laced with a hearty dash of his class, cantankerous nature, and culture, are forever entertaining. His wit and sense of the absurd shine through, whether attending the coronation of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia or mucking through the jungle in Guiana.

Others include Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast and Jan Morris’s Trieste and the Meaning of Nowhere. For those who prefer complete texts, all four of the books excerpted in WGWG as well as two others are collected in the 2003 Everyman Library edition entitled Waugh Abroad.

–The Daily Telegraph provides lists of various forms of entertainment on various types of media (except books). In their television list chosen by Ben Lawrence they include the 1981 Granada TV adaptation of Brideshead Revisited:

The 1981 adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s novel was built to last. Jeremy Irons plays Charles Ryder, the outsider beholden to the dysfunctional aristocratic family of his dissolute friend Sebastian Flyte (Anthony Andrews).

It can be streamed on the BBC/ITV service Britbox in both the US and the UK. You might also have a look on Amazon.com. It was available there a few weeks ago.

Esquire magazine reposts a list from 2009 of the 32 funniest books ever written. This is compiled from recommendations of contributors and editorial staff. Comedian Alexei Sayle proposed Waugh’s Vile Bodies:

It is a gift to the satirist to live in turbulent times but there still remains the task of encapsulating them. In Vile Bodies, an ostensibly superficial comic novel (Waugh wrote to Harold Acton, “It is a welter of sex and snobbery written simply in the hope of selling some copies”) Evelyn Waugh brilliantly, hilariously, unflinchingly but always humanely pinions a society which is in thrall to gossip and decadence, traumatised by war and financial catastrophe yet unable to stop itself rushing headlong into further and deeper cataclysm. This is a book as much for our age as for Waugh’s.

–While not in a book list, Dave Lull has sent this recommendation that appeared in a recent issue of the Catholic Herald:

A joyously satirical Cluedo game of a novel: In the Crypt with a Candlestick by Daisy Waugh. Waugh marries the best of Agatha Christie and PG Wodehouse in a joyous Cluedo-game of a novel, with props including the candlestick of the title, a vast pot of Crème de la Mer and a silver sugar pot with an irascible inhabitant. The book is sprinkled with in-jokes and literary allusions: a gamekeeper named Mellors, a great 20th-century novel called Prance to the Music in Time, and a character who wears a boater and carries a teddy bear (a reference to Waugh’s grandfather’s creation, Sebastian Flyte from Brideshead Revisited).

Thanks to Dave for sending this.

–A blogger posting on a local website unearthed a book list compiled by her US Navy veteran father. One contained a book with an entertaining chapter about an interview of Waugh in Baltimore during his 1949 US lecture tour:

“The Good Times” by Russell Baker. I’m not too surprised to find Baker’s second memoir on dad’s list, since he also served in the Navy and grew up in the Depression. […] According to the “Library Journal,” “Aspiring writers will chuckle over Baker’s first, horrible day on police beat, his panicked interview with Evelyn Waugh and his arrival at Queen Elizabeth’s coronation in top hat, tails, and brown-bag lunch.” Who doesn’t appreciate a man who brings a brown-bag lunch to the Queen’s coronation?

–Finally, Waugh’s French publisher Robert Laffont is releasing a new edition of Officiers et gentlemen next Thursday, 19 March 2020. This will be in the Pavillons Poche series. Here’s an edited Google translation of their announcement:

The second part of the trilogy devoted to the Second World War by the author of  Brideshead Revisited, this book finds  Guy Crouchback prey to the small and big ironies of war. Thanks to Churchill himself, he is reinstated in the army after the unfortunate ups and downs recounted in Men at Arms. And in an elite corps moreover! However, things will get worse again: in Scotland, in a commando camp, Guy finds the abominable Trimmer, an upstart who was the lover of his ex-wife. Sent to Egypt, he was appalled by the failings of the noble British army. Then it’s Crete, and another lost opportunity to show his bravery … It’s time for him to mourn his idealism. With the satirical tone and the acerbic humor which one associates with him, the great Evelyn Waugh describes a civilization in the grip of the sinking of its most fundamental values.

 

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Brideshead Reviewed in Credo Magazine

The latest issue of the online quarterly religious journal Credo Magazine is devoted to the theme The Truth Inside the Lie: Theology through Fiction. Several novels are discussed in some detail. One of these is Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited which is surveyed by Timothy Larsen, Professor of Christian Thought at Wheaton College in Illinois. His article is entitled “Hound of Heaven”.

Larsen gets one’s attention with this opening paragraph:

Admittedly as a kind of provocation […], I have been known to declare while teaching a class that Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited (1945) is the greatest Christian novel ever written. One would never make such an unmeasured claim in print, of course.  The most prudent qualifier would be “that I have read” or “that I know of.”  The second would be “with the obvious exception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov.” Furthermore, if writing for publication, my assertion would be leavened with at least one specimen of what are pejoratively known as “weasel words” – qualifiers such as “probably”, “possibly”, “perhaps”, or “arguably”.

After describing the book he explains how he, as a low church Protestant, came to read and interpret it. He also addresses the negative attitude toward the expressions of religious belief in the book, especially focussing on those of British literary critic and novelist A N Wilson. He then concludes with this:

…I was not as surprised as many others when in 2009 A. N. Wilson himself publicly announced his conversion to the Christian faith. I wrote about Wilson’s newfound faith in an article published in the Wall Street Journal which was titled, “Look Who’s a Believer Now.” It ended: “As is the case with Mr. Wilson, intellectuals often pursue long, drawn-out love affairs with Christian thought. Next time you hear someone fume that God is the most contemptible being who never existed, keep in mind that you just might be watching the first act of a divine romantic comedy.” When it comes to fiction, Brideshead Revisited is a powerful and delightful example of this overlooked genre of the divine romantic comedy.

Other literary works considered in the current magazine include Paradise Lost, Moby Dick, Go Tell It on the Mountain (James Baldwin) and Charles Dickens’ “A Christmas Carol” and Hard Times.

 

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Beaton Exhibit Opens at NPG

The much-mentioned exhibition of Cecil Beaton’s photgraphic record of the Bright Young People of the 1920s opens today at the National Portrait Gallery in London. Waugh’s biographer Selina Hastings has written a review for the current issue of Tatler. It is not surprising that this opens with multiple references to Waugh:

‘Masked parties, Savage parties, Victorian parties, Greek parties, Wild West parties, Russian parties, Circus parties’ – this was how Evelyn Waugh depicted the era of the 1920s, when the elite of the younger generation, determined to throw off the gloom of the Great War, dedicated themselves to entertainment. As Waugh portrayed them in his novel Vile Bodies, the Bright Young People (or Bright Young Things, as others called them) were funny, frenzied and frivolous, capering from party to party. Among them, and, like Waugh, an astute recorder of the period, was the photographer Cecil Beaton, whose portraits of the era’s leading lights make up the dazzling cast of Bright Young Things, a new exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery. Beaton had been at prep school with Waugh, who bullied him cruelly. Beaton later described Waugh as ‘a very sinister character’, while Waugh pilloried Beaton in Decline and Fall as the society photographer David Lennox, who ‘emerged with little shrieks from an Edwardian electric brougham and made straight for the nearest looking-glass’.

The review goes on to describe several anecdotes involving Beaton’s connections with the BYPs, including this one not mentioned, so far as I can recall, in previous articles:

Known for his elegance and bitchery, accurately describing himself as ‘a scheming snob’, Beaton adored being at the centre of this wild and frivolous world. He made friends everywhere, and was even lured into bed by the ravishing, decadent Viscountess Castlerosse. Doris Castlerosse, always up for a challenge (‘Doris could make a corpse come,’ as Winston Churchill once reputedly remarked), had succeeded in seducing Beaton in a bedroom filled with tuberoses, an achievement that led to a brief affair, with the two of them seen together at house parties and about town. On one occasion at a fashionable restaurant, Lady Castlerosse’s husband noticed them at a nearby table, Beaton en maquillage and effeminately attired. ‘I never knew Doris was a lesbian!’ he observed.

There are also several photos of Beaton as well as what looks like a 1932 watercolor drawing he made of Tallulah Bankhead not included in any previous article.

The Guardian’s review of the exhibit by Sean O’Hagan also opens with a reference to Waugh:

In his novel Vile Bodies, published in 1930, Evelyn Waugh gleefully satirised the gilded lifestyles of the so-called Bright Young Things, whose antics were then regularly attracting the attention of gossip and society columnists in an otherwise colourless postwar Britain.

In one vignette, Waugh describes a party hosted by a character he calls Miss Mouse, whose father was bankrolling the revels. He writes: “Miss Mouse (in a very enterprising frock by ChĂŠruit) sat on a chair with her eyes popping out of her head … She never could get used to so much excitement, never … It was too thrilling to see all that dull money her father had amassed, metamorphosed in this way into so much glitter and noise and so many bored young faces.”

Miss Mouse, her designer dress and her daddy’s money, popped into my head as I wandered through the National Portrait Gallery’s exhibition Cecil Beaton’s Bright Young Things, in which Waugh briefly features…

The auction house Southeby’s, which is home to Beaton’s archives, posts on its website an interview with Robin Muir, who curated the exhibit. Among several insights, he includes this:

I’ve also had to re-evaluate my overriding preconception of Cecil as vain, self-centred and someone with overreaching ambition. Actually, he’s all those things, but at heart there is a moral centre to him. He could be a terrible snob and an unthinking friend, but he is, in the end, immensely loyal to those from the past. His grief at Rex Whistler’s death is profound. Unexpectedly moving too, is the help he gives to less fortunate friends, such as the painter Francis Rose and Margot, Countess of Oxford and Asquith, an early patron to whom he is loyal and who appears to have driven away most of her close circle late in life.

I admire the self-lacerating honesty he displays in his own account of his hopeless love affair with Peter Watson, the love of his life. There is a bravery and an honesty in his admitting to feelings that other diarists of the time would not remotely consider. In short, he is more human than his grating florid faux cut-glass accent tends to convey.”

The digital magazine Londonist also opens its review of the exhibit by Will Noble with a reference to Waugh’s BYP novel:

“All that succession and repetition of massed humanity… Those vile bodies.” Evelyn Waugh, who features in a scowling, pint-clutching portrait by Henry Lamb at Cecil Beaton’s Bright Young Things, jealously (and brilliantly) scythed down Beaton and his set of artsy hipsters in the 1930 novel, Vile Bodies.

Finally, The Oldie in an article, which may be related to the Beaton exhibit, publishes a memoir by Ferdinand Mount of the artist Henry Lamb whose portrait of Waugh also features in the exhibit. It turns out that Lamb was Mount’s uncle and also painted a portrait of him which is photographed in The Oldie’s article. After discussing Lamb’s career, Mount concludes with his recollection of having his portrait painted:

In 1957 – the summer after my mother dies – Uncle Henry asks if he may paint my portrait, perhaps to cheer me up, just as he cheered her up with his long, chatty letters from Ireland when she was in hospital. There is no possibility of my parents paying for the portrait – and it is by portraits that he has managed to feed his family, a never-ending grind of academic luminaries in their robes and other notables, mostly with moustaches. […]

Now I am sitting in his high, chilly studio with the north light. […] I sit very still and proud in the cold air […] How strange it is to have someone looking at you so hard and so long and at nothing else in the world. What a lot of other people those light, watchful eyes have focused on over the years – Dorelia and Ottoline and Diana Mitford and Thomas Hardy and Evelyn Waugh and Neville Chamberlain, all gone now, but the gentle slap of the brush on the canvas goes on.

The painting itself seems almost like an anticlimax. How lugubrious I look in it, like a demoralised cod. That’s not because it’s a bad picture, or even because I am thinking about my mother; it’s my default expression. No, it’s a likeness all right.

The Cecil Beaton exhibit continues at the NPG until 7 June.

UPDATE (13 March 2020): The Times review by Rachel Campbell-Johnston was posted today. Here’s an excerpt:

[Cecil Beaton’s] images of the bright young things […] remain those that perhaps best define him. The blacksmith’s grandson discovered his aesthetic home in a society of artists, actors and aristocrats. The elegant strength of a singular vision, star-struck by beauty, circumscribed by snobbery, unfurls in the black-and-white prints around the walls.

Take time to read the accompanying texts. This show, which is staged with a feyly theatrical swagger, has all sorts of stories to tell. Among the cast are many possessed of artistic talent — Rex Whistler, Siegfried Sassoon, Tallulah Bankhead, Evelyn Waugh.

But perhaps it is the aristocrats, as impossibly beautiful as they are impeccably bred, who will most fascinate precisely because elsewhere they go all but unrecorded. The bit-part players and bystanders of history, long since faded into irrelevance, are brought back to the foreground to glint like the mayflies that they were in a momentary shaft of light.

 

 

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Roundup: Satire in a Divisive Age

The Times last week carried an opinion article by James Marriott in which he welcomed the announcement that the political satire TV series Spitting Image will return to the screen. But he wonders whether, in the current age of divisive partisanship, satire will have the same effect as in previous times:

…satire is shaped as much by its audience as by the politicians it targets. The puppeteers and joke writers of the new series face a tougher crowd than their predecessors in the 1980s and 1990s. Evelyn Waugh, surely the greatest satirist of the last century, wrote that satire “flourishes in a stable society and presupposes homogeneous moral standards”. That is: for satire to work, we all need to agree, even loosely, on what we hate.

Waugh suggested that was why the early Roman empire and 18th-century Europe were golden ages of satire. He’s spot on. Consider the cartoonist James Gillray’s caricatures of the slovenly future George IV. The vices that preoccupied Gillray — sloth, gluttony, stupidity — were the ones that were anathema to the ideals of his commercial, rational, democratic age.

Our society lacks the shared moral framework in which the best satire flourishes. What evils do we despise? The small-minded, pigheaded, Little-Englander absurdity of Brexiteers? Or the pompous, condescending smugness of Remainers?

The Waugh quote is taken from his 1946 Life magazine article “Fan-Fare”, reproduced in EAR, p. 304.

–Another successful satirist from a previous era has posted his list of the best satirical books. This is Jonathan Lynn, co-writer of the BBC’s political satire series Yes Minister. His list of six is posted on the website Gentleman’s Journal. One of his choices is Waugh’s Scoop:

This is a satire about sensationalist newspapers and foreign correspondents. Written in 1938, the proprietor of newspaper the Daily Beast, Lord Copper, sends a journalist called Boot to cover a ‘promising little war’ in Africa. Boot does get a scoop in the end but is not given credit for it because that’s the kind of journalist he is.

Lord Copper seems to have been some combination of Lord Northcliffe and Lord Beaverbrook, the owners of the Mail and the Express and Standard respectively. The book is about the impact and influence of scary newspaper proprietors and really is still applicable to Rupert Murdoch, The Sun and The News of the World and, I think, to the Barclay brothers who own The Telegraph.

Other choices include A Modest Proposal, Animal Farm and Catch-22.

Scoop is also among the books recently recommended on the website of the Slovenian TV network RTV SLO. The book was issued late last year in a Slovenian translation entitled Ekskluziva. See previous posts:

The 1938 published novel, originally titled Scoop, is a satire on journalism. Waugh wrote the novel in part from the personal experiences he described in his book Waugh in Abyssinia (1936), and the characters of the newspaper magnate and other persons, in whom we can easily recognize now our contemporaries, are based on real persons. Waugh, is a master of satire […] which has given the novel a wide-spread response and ranked it on many charts of the best books of our time. (Translation by Google with edits.)

–A recent novel has been described as a satirical comedy by two reviewers. This is House of Trelawney by Hannah Rothschild. In Town & Country magazine, Adam Rathe’s review opens with this:

If the idea of eccentric British aristocrats in a crumbling mansion seems familiar, that’s because it’s at the heart of some of literature’s greatest works. “Brits love satire, and to do a satire well, a house becomes a useful thing,” says Hannah Rothschild, whose new novel, House of Trelawney, makes fine use of one. In her story the ancient, noble Trelawney clan has hit rock bottom: Siblings are estranged, fortunes are squandered, and the family manor is ready to collapse. And that’s when things get interesting.

Rothschild’s book is the latest in a long line of novels by the likes of Jane Austen and Evelyn Waugh that put this very specific world at their center. “I was lucky, growing up, to stay in various collapsing stately homes,” she says. “Sometimes you’d have to run from the kitchen to the sitting room, because those were the only two areas they could afford to heat.”

A similar assessment is adopted in The Lady magazine:

With echoes of Evelyn Waugh and Nancy Mitford, although not as crisp, this is a highly entertaining, lively and mildly satirical family saga of the impoverished aristocratic Trelawney family as they struggle to survive the financial crash of 2008 and shore up their crumbling 800-year-old castle in South Cornwall, which ‘has a room for every day of the year’, ‘miles of freezing corridors’ and ‘bad plumbing.’

–Finally, writer Will Self in an essay published in a recent “Freelance” column of the TLS considers the question not of satire (of which he is quite capable) but of self-plagiarism (to which he also admits). After consideration of a case where an interviewer copied some words from his subject that had appeared in earlier interviews or published works of that subject, Self takes up the case of:

…borrowing one’s own words from oneself, rather than from one’s subjects – surely this cannot be accorded a great crime? […] At certain times during my freelance career, I have been filing anything up to a quarter of a million words a year (I include books in the estimate), so is it any wonder if I’ve repeated myself – and sometimes knowingly? For years, my rubric for self-plagiarism was this: in my fiction I tried to create new conceptual space, coin fresh metaphors, bend and warp language in surprising ways – the books had fewer readers than the newspaper and magazine work, so it seemed perfectly legitimate to transplant images, riffs and coinages from this sequestered word-garden into the brighter but more ephemeral light of the daily and weekly press. […]

I think it was Evelyn Waugh who said that most writers are lucky if they have one original book inside them – and that therefore an awful lot of literary careers consist, perforce, in rewriting it. Jorge Luis Borges invented “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote”, as a heuristic with which to explain the polyvalent properties of prose itself: there was no plagiarism involved in Menard’s writing of “the Quixote”, because it wasn’t the same text as Cervantes’s, by definition. Of course, when it comes to the far shorter forms filled in by journalists, Waugh’s dictum heralds disaster, as we rewrite the same old articles again and again. The Menard defence cuts no ice with our jaded editors, sickened as they are by the never-ending go-round that the prolific Observer writer and scourge of cultural bubble wrap Nick Davies has dubbed “churnalism”.

 

 

 

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