“Two Lives” Reviewed

Waugh’s biographies of two Roman Catholic priests (Edmund Campion and Ronald Knox) were published as a single volume entitled Two Lives in 2002. A paperback edition was issued in 2005. Both editions were published by Continuum International Publishing, an independent academic press that was acquired in 2011 by Bloomsbury Publishing. The book has been reviewed by Eve Tushnet, who describes herself as a “gay catholic novelist”. The detailed review appears on the religious weblog Patheos. It opens with Tushnet’s summary assessment:

You should absolutely read the Campion biography. It’s passionate and the prose hangs in garlands, with thorns tipped in blood. It isn’t swoony or silly (like the sentence I just wrote), it isn’t sentimental or polemical although this is Waugh so he does stick a shiv in occasionally; in general it’s crisp and acrid, and inspiring. The Knox biography has a surprising scattering of gems for the average reader but is frankly a pretty long book to read about a good man who did not in my opinion need such a long book written about him.

Tushnet’s detailed notes about both biographies follow. 

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Waugh in Oldie Article: “Too Close for Comfort”

The current issue of Oldie magazine has an article (“Too Close for Comfort”) by Michael Barber on novelists’ use of those they know from real life to create characters in their fiction. Barber is the author of a Brief Life of Evelyn Waugh (2013) in a series of that name. His Oldie story mentions characters inspired to some extent from real life in novels of, inter alia, Colin Dexter (Inspector Morse), Anthony Powell (Kenneth Widmerpool and Nick Jenkins in Dance to the Music of Time), and Simon Raven (Peter Morrison and Somerset Lloyd-Jones in Alms for Oblivion). Perhaps not coincidently, Barber has also written biographies of both Powell and Raven. After several other examples, he comes to Ian Fleming who had a specific namesake in mind when he created Auric Goldfinger.

This leads Barber to his last example which is Fleming’s wife Ann, who sent a telegram to Evelyn Waugh identifying the deserter Ivor Claire in Waugh’s novel Officers and Gentlemen (1955) with Waugh’s commanding officer in WWII Crete, Bob Laycock. The novel is dedicated to Laycock. Waugh went ballistic in his response, quoted by Barber, and threatened to end their friendship if Ann ever mentioned this in public. Barber also quotes from the Diaries, where Waugh writes that he had forbidden Ann to mention what Waugh described as a “cruel fact.” The exchange with Ann Fleming appears in Letters of Ann Fleming (ed. by Mark Amory), p.155; see also Diaries (6 July 1955), p. 728. As Barber mentions in his Brief Life (p. 68-69), it was the character Colonel Tommy Blackhouse who was intended by Waugh to be Laycock’s “doppelganger” in the novel, and he “conveniently breaks his leg en route to Crete, thus absolving Evelyn from any need for examining his conduct.” The conduct in question was the departure from Crete of Laycock, Waugh and other Commando officers while their troops were left behind to cover the evacuation and face certain capture and POW internment. There are two schools of thought on whether that conduct was consistent with their orders.

Thanks to Milena Borden for finding this reference and to Michael Barber for sending a copy of the article.

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HHA Literary Trail (more)

Another local paper (The Gazette) has published a story about Evelyn Waugh’s association with a country house on the Historic House Association’s new literary trail. This is Woodchester Mansion located between Dursley (where the Waughs lived from 1937-1955) and Stroud. Here’s the paper’s report of Waugh’s connecction to that house:

Waugh, who lived at Piers Court in Stinchcombe at the time, published his famous satire on the press “Scoop” only a month before he gave a talk in Woodchester Mansion courtyard in 1938. He spoke on “The History and Associations of Woodchester Park” and pointed out that since the 16th century the Woodchester estate had never been owned by more than three successive generations of the same family. At the time Waugh’s reputation was increasing thanks to “Scoop” and press archives recorded that a large crowd of people heard his lecture before he “good-humouredly” signed autographs…Grade One listed Woodchester Mansion was mysteriously abandoned mid-construction in 1873 and so offers a unique view of the stonemason’s craft. It re-opens to the public on Saturday, April 1. 

The Waughs had a more stable relationship to the estate than is suggested by this 1938 speech-giving. The house had had a connection to the Roman Catholic church since it was acquired by a convert family by the name of Leigh in the mid 19th century. They had built a church and monastery on the estate and these were still being used when the Waughs moved to the area. Waugh refers to the church as “Nympsfield” which is the nearest village and that is where the Waughs attended services until a Roman Catholic church closer to them opened in Dursley in 1939. Some of this additional information is available from the HHA website:

In the 1930s the Woodchester Estate was owned by the devoutly Catholic Miss Blanche Leigh and her sister Beatrice. On occasions they opened the beautiful Woodchester Park to the public for charity. On Whit Monday 1938 a fete was held for a new Catholic Church in Dursley. Evelyn Waugh, who was then settling into the role of a country squire, was invited to speak at the Mansion after tea. The Dursley Gazette recorded that the talk was given in the courtyard. … Waugh also commented on the generosity of William Leigh to the Catholic Church. Like Leigh, Waugh was a Catholic convert, and he later benefitted from the fundraising day, as he became a regular attendee at the new church…

The Waughs no doubt also continued to attend church at Nympsfield when the monastery celebrated a service not available in the small Dursley parish church. At some point, the monastery may have been converted into a convent since Waugh describes attending services in Nympsfield among the nuns. See earlier post. The last members of the Leigh family left in the late 1940s and it is not known what happened to the church and monastery or convent after that. The Roman Catholic parishes of Dursley and Nympsfield seem to have been combined under a single priest and a “Marist Convent” is mentioned in the vicinity but how those may relate to Woodchester Mansion or the Leigh family is not explained. The Woodchester Mansion now belongs to a charitable trust and the adjacent landscaped park is administered by the National Trust

 

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Novelist Nicholas Mosley (1923-2017)

The death has been announced of novelist Nicholas Mosley at the age of 93. He wrote several novels which are variously described in his obituaries as “heavy going”, “densely written”, “adventurous”, and “not light reading.” So, these are not exactly written in the Waugh tradition. The best known is probably Hopeful Monsters (1990) which was the final volume of a series called “the Catastrophe Practice novels” after the first to be published in 1979. This received the Whitbread prize and was called by A N Wilson “the best novel in the English language to have been written since the Second World War.” Mosley’s 1965 novel Accident was made into a successful film in 1966, directed  by Joseph Losey with a screenplay by Harold Pinter.  

He was the son of British Fascist leader Oswald Mosley by his first wife (b. Cynthia Curzon) who died when he was a child. He did not get along with his father nor with his step-mother (b. Diana Mitford) and their son, his step-brother and racing car enthusiast, Max Mosley. In an attempted reconciliation, Oswald bequeathed his papers to Nicholas to be the basis for a biography. Nicholas wrote a two-volume biography (The Rules of the Game and Beyond the Pale) published in the early 1980s which was fairly balanced in the circumstances and critically well received; but not by his step-mother, Waugh’s friend Diana Mosley. She deemed it, according to Nicholas, the “degraded work of a very little man”, and she wrote in a letter to the media:

It’s all very well having an Oedipal complex at 19, a second-rate son hating a brilliant father, but it’s rather odd at 60. Nicholas wants to get his own back against his father for having had more fun that he’s had.

A tough bunch, those Mitfords, although one obituary in The Times newspaper reports a 2015 reconciliation by Nicholas and his step-brother Max. The foregoing was primarily based on the obituary by William Grimes appearing in the print edition of the New York Times on 5 March 2017.

 

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Patrick Melrose Novels to be Televised

The Patrick Melrose novels by Edward St Aubyn will be adapted for television in a 5 episode series. Each episode will be devoted to one of the five novels. The satirical humor of these novels is often compared to the work of Evelyn Waugh. Benedict Cumberbatch who recently played Sherlock Holmes in the BBC adaptation, will play the lead role of Patrick. According to an article in The Independent, the series is to be adapted by David Nicholls and co-produced by two cable channels–Showtime and Sky Atlantic. Shooting is expected to begin in late summer. There is a 2012 film adaptation of one of the novels, Mother’s Milk, but it was not particularly successful at securing distribution. It was reviewed in the Guardian. Here’s an excerpt:

Edward St Aubyn has co-written this movie adaptation of his Booker-shortlisted autobiographical novel Mother’s Milk, directed by Gerry Fox. The result looks a bit like television, though it isn’t bad: sparky, boisterous, cynical, a little self-conscious but more grownup and literate than most new British movies. … The humour is brittle, British and throwaway, but with a tang of real poison. There is a sharp cameo from Diana Quick, Patrick’s malicious mother-in-law.

UPDATE (9 March 2017): The Evening Standard has interviewed novelist David Nicholls who is adapting the Melrose novels for TV. Here is an excerpt:

“The books are very dark, with very adult themes that I could never write about in my own original work. They’re about damaged people, terrible cruelty, coming to terms with an appalling crime and an attempt to find some kind of peace and redemption.” …As a satire on the world of public schools, posh people and parties, the books are often compared to Evelyn Waugh. …“As a dramatist you have to resist the temptation to turn it into aristocrat-bashing.” There was also the delicate issue of how to depict the violent rape of the five-year-old Melrose by his own father. “Certain things you can’t do, moments that are moved off-screen, implied or referred to in retrospect. The focus is very much on the legacy rather than the crime itself,” says Nicholls, who sweetly emails me later to say he’s worrying about spoilers, especially as filming doesn’t start until the summer.

UPDATE 2 (12 March 2017): Today’s New York Times Book Review added this to the discussion in its “Open Book” column:

In The Times, Michiko Kakutani wrote about St. Aubyn’s “remarkable” series: “The books are written with an utterly idiosyncratic combination of emotional precision, crystalline observation and black humor, as if one of Evelyn Waugh’s wicked satires about British aristos had been mashed up with a searing memoir of abuse and addiction, and injected with Proustian meditations on the workings of memory and time.”

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Waugh and the Great Ladies

Lyndsy Spence, founder of The Mitford Society and editor of their annual collection of essays, articles and reviews (which recently published its 4th volume) has also written a series of essays about aristocratic women of the interwar period. This is entitled These Great Ladies: Peeresses and Pariahs and consists of studies of eight examples, including Margaret, Duchess of Argyll, Mariga Guinness, and Venetia Montagu. In her introduction, Spence credits Evelyn Waugh for having provided the inspiration for the book and its title:

When the stage adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s Vile Bodies was to appear in a London theatre, aristocratic women, young and old, scrambled for tickets. Dedicated to Diana and Bryan Guinness, the book, when published in 1930, set high society ablaze. It was read by everyone, adored and vilified in equal measures, and through time it has become a life enhancer. Likewise when tickets were made available for the play, a socialite’s revolt took place. Emerald Cunard got her manicured claws on one, but complained about the location of her seating and about having to take Prince George to the eighteenth row. ‘Old trout,’ snapped Waugh, ‘she’s only an American anyway.’ A snob to his fingertips, even he was beyond forming a literary tease when Emerald, formerly named Maud, needled him. And Doris Castlerosse, a wily, willful courtesan known in lower echelons as Jessie Doris Delevingne, refused to pay for her ticket. ‘Oh dear,’ Waugh appeared lost for words, ‘these great ladies.’ Like Waugh, I am attracted to the glamour and artifice of their lives. From an outsider’s perspective nothing infiltrated their exclusive worlds. But dig a little deeper and one will find women with ordinary, universal problems while living extraordinary lives. I was drawn to women who were stars in their day but have fallen into obscurity, in the mainstream anyway. As such, I have chosen women who not only dazzle me but who were pioneers on the social front, albeit their fame for the sake of being famous or their social consciences. However behind the scenes they were quite naughty and lived by their own rules.

The quotes are from Waugh’s letter to Dorothy Lygon, dated 16 April 1932 (Letters, pp. 61-62) as cited in John Howard Wilson, Evelyn Waugh: A Literary Biography 1924-1966, p.92.

 

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Travel Guide to Guyana’s “Waugh Country” Launched

The Guyana Chronicle has announced the launch of a tourist guide to the Rupununi region of southern Guyana:

…the North Rupununi was an extraordinary natural area in southern Guyana that for the last 30 years had been isolated from the public. The North Rupununi extends from the Siparuni River to the Kanuku Mountains and from the Essequibo River to the Brazilian border. The Rupununi website outlines that the area was well known in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when it received visits from David Attenborough, Gerald Durrell, Evelyn Waugh and Charles Waterton; all of whom wrote eloquently of their experiences. Added to that the recent upgrading of the Georgetown-Lethem road and the completion of the Takutu Bridge, these open new economic opportunities that may bring rapid change to the savannahs, forests and eco-systems.

This is the area traversed by Waugh in 1932-33 on his visit to what was then British Guiana. He described his trip in his travel book Ninety-Two Days (1934) and fictionalized it in his short story “The Man Who Loved Dickens” (1933), later incorporated into the novel A Handful of Dust (1934). Although the article provides no link to an online version of the new guidebook, one wonders whether it may contain an entry for the:

Todd Guest Ranch in McMaster Township. Traditional rustic accommodation dating back to colonial days. Long stay visits a speciality. Full board emphasizing local cuisine. Book groups welcome. Library available to qualified readers.  Victorian fiction well represented. Side trips to Boa Vista by river and horseback organized with sufficient advance notice. Reasonable rates. Ask about the Charles Dickens Special. Contact: Anthony Last III, PO Box 92, Karanambu, Guyana HD7 4EW.

 

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Waugh and Highclere (More)

The Countess of Carnarvon who presently resides with her husband at Highclere Castle in Hampshire has written a book about entertaining there. The house was the setting for the recent Downton Abbey TV series and is being open to the public more frequently based on the notoriety that production occasioned. See earlier post. The Daily Mail has published an excerpt from the book (At Home At Highclere: Entertaining At The Real Downton Abbey):

Today, more than 120 years on, we still entertain at Highclere, though perhaps not with the extravagance of those distant days when a future monarch [Edward VII, then Prince of Wales] came to stay. Nor can we match the hospitality of the 6th Earl and his wife Catherine in the 1930s, when London high society often descended on the castle and the place was such a byword for a good time that Evelyn Waugh described an especially comfortable weekend he’d been on as ‘very Highclere’.

Both of Waugh’s wives were born into the family that lives at Highclere. His first wife’s mother was actually raised there and the mother of his second wife was married to a younger son of that same generation. But your correspondent still hasn’t found any record of Waugh’s having visited there personally. He did make joking references to the house in letters, e.g.,  to Mary Lygon and Diana Cooper. Mark Amory explains this in his edition of Waugh’s Letters (p. 71, n. 1):

Highclere Castle is the home of Lord Carnarvon. Lady Sibell Lygon had stayed there and referred to its splendor afterwards. The name was taken up and used to mean any grand house or sometimes any house at all.  

So the joke, such as it was, was based on a visit by Mary Lygon’s sister, not by Waugh. The mentions in Waugh’s letters usually refer to Highclere ironically when describing a place that isn’t up to Highclere’s standards, as established by Sibell Lygon. For example, when Waugh stayed in a hotel in Guyana, he wrote “there was no bed & 3 scorpions on the floor and only corn beef to eat and no bread.” He went on to conclude that when asked to sign the guest book, he wrote: “Exactly like Highclere,” and then noted that the proprietor “was very puzzled & scratched his wool” (Idem).

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The Loved One is Prescribed Reading for Europeans

Writing in his Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung blog, “Don Alphonso” informs his European readers that they cannot understand what is going on in the United States today unless they have first read Waugh’s 1948 novella The Loved One (in German translated as Tod in Hollywood or Death in Hollywood). The title of article is is translated as “European Death in La La Land”:

When I went to America after college entrance exams, I had prepared myself well: I had recorded cassettes with music from the Beach Boys and Jan and Dean, and read a travel guide to the mentality of the natives. The travel guide is called “Death in Hollywood” and comes from the pen of the British writer Evelyn Waugh , who elaborated his short and unsuccessful career as a screenwriter in Los Angeles in this … ironic novel. It goes, grosso modo, to the incompatibility of the American way of life with everything, which can even apply as a starting point as European nonconformity, eccentricity and moral flexibility. The virtues of the New World, according to the conclusion, are in a deadly contrast to the elevated manners of Old Europe, and this was exactly the case with my journey. I’ve seen a lot, but that’s enough for me, and whoever avoids the US because Trump is there can just buy Waugh’s book. It is worth it.

Waugh himself was a remarkable figure. He was ethnically very diverse and came from the rich middle classes, had in his youth several homosexual affairs, and for a long time difficulties to find a suitable place in life. He was witty, but flaccid and unadjusted, morally rather questionable and driven by lust and pleasure. It must be conceded that he liked to harass others, and lost a position because he tried a sexual approach in the drunken state. He also converted to Catholicism, which on both Protestant sides of the Atlantic was regarded as a sign of ethical questionableness among the Lutheran and other heretics.

The article goes on to consider the recent reactions of Americans to two eccentric European journalists–Milo Yiannopoulos, formerly of Breitbart, and Laurie Penny, the British radical feminist. He opens the discussion of Yiannopoulos with this thought:

In general, the character of Milo is easily understandable when one knows Waugh, his biography, his work, and particularly the figure of Anthony Blanche in Waugh’s classic “Brideshead Revisited”.

Penny became associated with Yiannopoulos through her German press reports on his appearances at the Republican National Convention and his more recent aborted appearance at UC Berkeley. The article seems to suggest that her position in defending Yiannopoulos has caused her radical feminist audience to turn against her, but something may have been lost in translation on this point. So far as your correspondent is aware, she has caused relatively little stir in the US press, as least as compared to Yiannopoulos. Perhaps some of our readers who can read the original German could elucidate this point.

The article concludes:

Milo and Penny have enriched the American election campaign with an eccentric European note, sort of popcultural looters to the left and right of the mainstream of their respective camps. Both are outsiders to their group and weren’t accepted but for being useful.  … It is only logical that they have been discredited with short, brutal beatings and banished into the desert in front of the American cultural Mojave. You could have known it if you had read Waugh. And it will be interesting to see how Milo and Penny are reinventing themselves after their excursions, because their expulsion is far from making their orthodox persecutors – those who do not wear bead chains and do not dance on poles – into something sexy, exciting or presentable in the media. These are terrible people, ghastly, who you would not want to meet.

The translation is by Google and could use some help. The article is generating a lot of comments, several relating to Waugh’s work.

UPDATE (4 March 2017): Thanks to a reader for helping with the translation. See comment below.

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Scoop Recommended on World Book Day

Today is World Book Day. The Daily Telegraph marks the occasion issuing another list of recommended reading–this is the Top 20 and includes Waugh’s Scoop:

Last year Telegraph writers put together a list of the 100 novels everyone should read. From their selection, we’ve taken the most-recommended works to produce this condensed shortlist of 20 must-read works of fiction for World Book Day.

An Irish magazine called The Gloss also lists Scoop as one of its books for this year’s World Book Day. It was recommended by Sarah Halliwell, Beauty Editor, who explains that the book represents “satire at its most clever; still fresh and funny, almost 80 years on.”

 

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