Hat Trick for Waugh in The Spectator

This week’s Spectator features three articles mentioning Evelyn Waugh. The first is in a memorial for Tara Palmer-Tomkinson who died this week at the age of 45. The magazine reprints an article she wrote which appeared in the 27 July 1996 issue. Here’s an excerpt:

The Times diary recently…suggested — not to put too fine a point on it — that I am stupid… I had joined a conversation about Sir James Goldsmith’s party, saying, ‘When is it happening? I think I’m supposed to be going’…You may recall that in Evelyn Waugh’s Vile Bodies one of the characters greets the announcement that there is a Workers’ Revolutionary Party by asking why she has not been invited. Here, among friends at The Spectator, I can, however, make a confession. Reader, a few months ago I did think Jimmy Goldsmith’s ‘party’ was a social event rather than a political one, and made a comment along the lines of Waugh’s heroine. In my defence, I would say that the words ‘Goldsmith’ and ‘parties’ have always gone together so harmoniously that it did not occur to me that he might now have turned to the less rewarding business of challenging the Government. After all, my two encounters this summer with this charming and sociable man have been at Imran and Jemima’s summer party and at his soirĂ©e for John Aspinall. And history may well judge that Jimmy will be better remembered for his parties than his party.

In a review of a biography by Richard Ingrams of investigative journalist, crusading author and TV presenter Ludovic Kennedy, Nicholas Shakespeare writes this:

‘Be a road-sweeper,’ advised Evelyn Waugh, when Ludo asked him how to earn a living while writing. And in a sense he did become one. He might not have achieved a reputation as a novelist, but in redirecting his natural storytelling gifts into ‘what he was best at’, Ludo cleaned up the excruciating legal and human messes left behind by corrupt policemen like the Flying Squad’s Commander Kenneth Drury (who connived with a hardened criminal to imprison three men he knew to be innocent) and buffoonish judges like Lord Goddard (who Ludo suggested ‘was in the habit of masturbating when pronouncing the death sentence’) or Lord Robertson (‘as arrogant as he was ignorant’) or Lord Hunter (‘almost as big a dumbo as Lord Robertson’).

Given that it is an unusual name for an Englishman, I have often wondered whether “Ludo” Kennedy may have contributed to the name of Waugh’s character in Sword of Honour (if not to his behavior). They knew each other at the time Waugh was writing the novel. Diaries, p. 758.

Finally, in a featured article by Cosmo Landesman entitled “Why do the middle classes let posh people be so rude? If a guest makes a pass at your daughter, then vomits on your sofa, it’s OK – as long as he’s posh”, this appears:

Being posh gives you all sorts of privileges — even if you’re a drug addict. A posh junkie is regarded with concern and fascination, for he or she has the alluring whiff of decadence, that aura of ancestral doom. The spectacle of posh people with addictions or psychological problems has always enthralled the literary-minded, from Evelyn Waugh’s Sebastian Flyte to Edward St Aubyn’s Patrick Melrose. By contrast, nobody cares or is interested in a common-or-garden council-estate heroin addict. A posh addict who overdoses and dies is a tragedy; a prole who overdoses and dies is a statistic.

The case of Patrick Melrose is more complex than that of Sebastian Flyte (who was quickly forgiven for vomiting into Charles Ryder’s room). The reader puts up with Patrick’s addictions and other problems not because of, but despite his poshness. In the case of his father, on the other hand, his acquaintances are expected to overlook his bad behavior (including wife beating and child abuse) because of his poshness. Even after raping his 5 year old son, he wonders whether that event would be an acceptable topic of conversation at his club. 

UPDATE (16 February 2017): Another memorial for Tara Palmer-Tompkinson appearing in the “Kirsty ay Large” column of the Independent (Ireland) newspaper makes a connection with the Waugh’s “Bright Young Things”:

In the 1930s the term ‘celebutante’ was used to describe well-heeled ladies known for attending riotous shindigs. Evelyn Waugh dubbed them “bright young things”. In the aftermath of World War II, these ‘society gals’ became bigger news still — offering a little glitz after all that war time rationing. A new breed of It Girl emerged in the 1990s. Tara Palmer-Tomkinson was the ring leader of the ‘toffs about town’ brigade.

Her weekly Sunday Times column, which she said she “lived” rather than wrote, was filled with salacious snippets of a gilded life style. She was funny, self deprecating, and a lot smarter than she was often portrayed in the tabloid press…. She eventually kicked her drug habit and her life seemed to be calming down in recent years. So her death, at the age of 45, came as a shock. She was remembered by those who knew her for her kindness, vulnerability and compassion.

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Waugh in the Ratings

Several sites and publications have recently issued rankings on Waugh and his works. The interactive internet site Ranker is running a survey for the best Roman Catholic writer. Currently Waugh is #12 preceded by Allen Tate and followed by Graham Greene. The #1 pick is Thomas Aquinas.This selection is still open for those who want to participate.

According to WorldCat, the internet book catalogue, Brideshead Revisited is among the top books of the 20th Century based on number of copies held in libraries. It does not give the rankings by number but Brideshead is just ahead of Watership Down and a few behind The Power and the Glory. The “top” book is the Lord of the Rings trilogy but they do not explain how they deal with mulitiple volume works.

The US-based National Great Books Curriculum includes Evelyn Waugh on their core author list with 185 other writers. This is based on a survey of the Academic Community, but it appears that the community may consist of 6 community colleges scattered around the country.

The British Council in India has included Decline and Fall among five recommended satires. Others include Animal Farm and The Importance of Being Earnest.

The Gentlemen’s Journal has selected the 5 best books to read on a long-haul airplane journey. One of the choices is a collection of Waugh’s travel writings:

Waugh Abroad, Evelyn Waugh
If you’re taking to the skies for personal travel rather than anything business related, this is the book for you. As a documentation of a series of travel journals kept by Waugh, the book is full of wit and hilarity and will leave you with a thirst for travel – potentially even inspiring you to keep a journal of your own.

This selection is edited by Nicholas Shakespeare who also wrote an introduction. It is published in the Everyman’s Library edition in 2003. It differs from Waugh’s own selection in that it contains material from The Holy Places and Tourist in Africa that was not available when his volume, entitled When the Going Was Good, was published in 1946. Waugh Abroad also contains excerpts from Robbery Under Law (1939) which Waugh chose to exclude from his selection.

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Part 2 of BBC Arena Trilogy Posted

Part 2 of the BBC Arena’s Waugh Trilogy has been posted on YouTube. This is entitled “From Mayfair to the Jungle” and covers the 1930s continuing through the war to Brideshead Revisited. Those interviewed include William Deedes, Dorothy Lygon, John Mortimer, John St John, Lord Lovat, Fitzroy McLean, Graham Greene (voice only) and Kingsley Amis. As is the case with Part 1, the quality of the video and audio is excellent. See earlier post.

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New Service on Djibouti-Addis Ababa Railway

The New York Times has announced opening of service on the new railway line from Djibouti to Addis Ababa (including videos of opening ceremony and trains):

The 10:24 a.m. train out of Djibouti’s capital drew some of the biggest names in the Horn of Africa last month. Serenaded by a chorus of tribal singers, the crush of African leaders, European diplomats and pop icons climbed the stairs of the newly built train station and merrily jostled their way into the pristine, air-conditioned carriages making their inaugural run. “It is indeed a historic moment, a pride for our nations and peoples,” said Hailemariam Desalegn, the prime minister of Ethiopia, shortly before the train — the first electric, transnational railway in Africa — headed toward Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian capital. “This line will change the social and economic landscape of our two countries.”

The predecessor of this line was Evelyn Waugh’s access to Abyssinia on his trips in the 1930s. That line was built by the French and completed in 1917. It was an arduous journey, taking three days with stops overnight en-route. These trips are described in Waugh’s travel books Remote People and Waugh in Abyssinia as well as in fictionalized form in his novels Black Mischief and Scoop. In the latter novel, the unreliability of the train service contributes to the plot. Waugh’s most detailed description of this trip is in Remote People (Penguin, 2001, pp. 20-27). Here’s an excerpt:

Normally there is a weekly service which does the journey in three days, the two nights spent in Dirre-Dowa and Hawash. There are several good reasons for the train not travelling at night; one is that the lights in the train are liable to frequent failure; another that during the rainy season it is not unusual for parts of the line to get washed away; another that the Galla and Danakil, through whose country the line passes, are still primarily homicidal in their interests, and in the early days of the railway formed a habit, not yet wholly eradicated, of taking up steel sleepers here and there to forge into spear-heads.

That railway line was allowed gradually to disintegrate, closing in 2008. The new service, which parallels the old railroad, is entirely over electrified lines in new equipment, both built by the Chinese. The scheduled time from Djibouti to Addis is 12 hours. 

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Walmer Castle and the Lygons

An article is posted on the website of Historic England (formerly known as English Heritage) about the Lygon family’s association with Walmer Castle in Kent. The article is part of the website’s promotion of sites in the care of Historic England that have LGBTQ associations. Evelyn Waugh knew the Lygon family from their Worcestershire home at Madresfield Court. Walmer Castle was available to them from 1914 when Lord Beauchamp was made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports which entitled him to reside in the castle. The Historic England report does not explain very well that the Lygons made only occasional useage of Walmer Castle. They travelled there as a family on an annual basis for a seaside holiday:

Lygon enjoyed the pomp and ceremony that came with his role. Dover was still the main entry point for visiting foreign dignitaries, and it was among his duties to dress in his finery and welcome them on behalf of the King. However, when the family were away he was rumoured to have thrown parties, to which he invited his high-class friends, along with local fishermen and youths. 

According to Jane Mulvagh, the family had three other homes of their own to visit or live in as they saw fit:

Walmer was uncomfortable and “so cold in our quarters that the wind blew the carpets off the floors,” recalled Sibell [Lygon]. As the family’s private section of the house was small, the [7] children had to share just two rooms, which provoked squabbles and discontent. (Madresfield, 2008, pp. 254, 266)

But Lord Beauchamp also made private visits to Walmer Castle without the family and used it sometimes as a venue for homosexual gatherings, as noted in the Historic England article. The article is also accompanied by several interesting photographs taken of the family on their visits to Walmer Castle. It mentions the connection of the Lygons with the Flyte family as depicted by Evelyn Waugh in Brideshead Revisited. There is nothing to suggest, however, that Waugh ever accompanied them to Walmer Castle. It seems unlikely that he would have done so since his friendship dated from the period after Lord Beauchamp had been forced into foreign exile following his outing as an active homosexual (then a criminal offense) by his jealous and vindictive brother-in-law. Paula Byrne mentions that Waugh’s Oxford friend Robert Byron had accompanied the Lygons to Walmer, but his relationship with the family predated Waugh’s (Mad World, 2010, p. 88).

A related article in Huffington Post UK notes that February is LGBT history month:

The focus for this year’s LGBT History Month is the fiftieth anniversary of the decriminalisation of gay men in England and Wales. The Sexual Offences Act 1967 was a turning point, allowing the development of an organised gay rights movement. In the first half of the twentieth century there was a vibrant gay community in Britain. Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited is full of homosexual overtones. Authorities turned a blind eye from time to time. Decriminalisation meant gay men no longer had to behave so furtively. It was not until 1980 that being gay was decriminalised in Scotland, then 1982 in Northern Ireland. Stonewall was founded in 1989.

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Waugh in Happy Valley

A recent story in the Tatler recounts the present day difficulties of the British aristocrats and their descendants who settled in that country’s area known as Happy Valley during the days of the Empire. The story centers on three members of this group who died in recent years, two in police detention and one in hospital. In the course of its discussion, the story quotes Evelyn Waugh: 

And after visiting Kenya in the 30s, Evelyn Waugh described the [Happy Valley] group as “a community of English squires established on the Equator”, although even Waugh, no slouch when it came to a party, baulked at their behaviour. He described Raymond de Trafford, one of the set, as “v. nice but so BAD and he fights & fucks & gambles and gets D.D. [disgustingly drunk] all the time”.

The first quote comes from Waugh’s travel book Remote People (Penguin, 2011, p. 221). The second comes from a letter to Dorothy Lygon, dated April 1932 (Letters, p. 64).  According to Mark Amory’s notes, de Trafford was involved in an incident at a Paris railroad station in 1927 in which his wife (the former Comtesse de Janze) shot him and then herself. At her trial he gave evidence on her behalf, and she was released after paying a small fine. The story in the Tatler is credited to Sophia Money-Coutts.

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Early Waugh Book on Offer

London booksellers Peter Harrington are offering an early Waugh publication from 1927. This is a collection called the Decorative Drawings of Francis Crease for which Waugh wrote the 5 page preface. This was published the year after the appearance of his first book, PRB. Both books were privately published. Here is the bookseller’s description:

A scarce publication, the product is part of a series of private lessons in calligraphy and sketching given by Crease whilst Waugh was at Lancing. The close relationship between master and pupil eventually broke down (apparently on account of Waugh damaging a favourite knife of Creases), although Waugh never doubted the profound influence these lessons had on him: I owe anything at Lancing worth remembering to him (Evelyn Waugh, Diaries, 8th May 1920). Waugh’s preface is the only text, giving this publication strong claims for inclusion in the primary section of his bibliography. 

PRB is included in the “primary section” of Waugh’s biography. Waugh wrote the book and saw it into print with the cooperation of his friend Alastair Graham who was working for the printer at the time. That was not the case for the Crease Drawings. In A Little Learning, Waugh says he was asked by Crease to write the preface. Waugh was not responsible for the book’s publication, which was apparently managed by Crease, nor does he ever mention being consulted about the selection or arrangement of the drawings or otherwise exercising editorial supervision over the book. Indeed, he later writes in A Little Learning that he was given a copy of the book by a friend 30 years after its publication and had not seen the book during that passage of time. These circumstances would indicate that Waugh did not consider himself the author of the book, contrary to the bookseller’s suggestion. The book is priced at £2,500. Should one assume that the price would be even higher if Waugh’s bibliographers had deemed him to be the author? The preface is reprinted in both A Little Order and Essays, Articles and Reviews.

 

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Waugh Sites

Several newspapers have recently recommended visits to sites in England that have been associated with Evelyn Waugh. The Daily Telegraph in its Property column has a fairly detailed description of Renishaw Hall. Although still owned and occupied by the Sitwell family, it is open to visitors:

It was the setting of parties and intellectual salons, where Evelyn Waugh, D H Lawrence and others would hold fort. The house is said to be the inspiration for Wragby Hall in Lady Chatterley’s Lover – described by Edith as a “dirty and completely worthless book”. Seated in Derbyshire, south east of Sheffield and near the West Yorkshire border, the house is in a densely packed, industrial area. Though it counts Chatsworth, Bolsover Castle and Haddon Hall among its neighbours, Renishaw is unlike those because it remains a real home…There are also more than 70 works by the artist John Piper, who was introduced to the house by one of the literary trio, Osbert, plus a Whistler painting of Edith Sitwell and a family portrait by John Singer Sargent.

Waugh mentions once meeting John Piper at Renishaw when their visits to the house coincided in 1942. Letters, p. 163.

In a later story, the Telegraph lists Castle Howard in North Yorkshire, not too far from the Derbyshire site of Renishaw, as one of the 10 buildings you should visit before you die:

Castle Howard. Built: 1699-1811. Architects: John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor

Forever Brideshead in the eyes of those seduced by ITV’s 1981 adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s baroque novel, Brideshead Revisited, Castle Howard marks the spectacular architectural debut of Sir John Vanbrugh, soldier, East Indian merchantman, spy, playwright and witty stalwart of the fashionable Kit-Kat Club. Nothing less than palatial, the great domed house rises from a stirring North Yorkshire setting, its sheep-studded acres adorned by such peerless ‘eyecatchers’ as Vanbrugh’s Temple of the Four Winds and Nicholas Hawksmoor’s colonnaded circular mausoleum for the Howard family, who live here still. Devastated by fire in 1940, today the 145-roomed house is hugely popular.

Another building on the list, Gaudi’s Sagrada Familia church in Barcelona, also has a Waugh association. He made a visit there in 1929 which he describes (along with other works of the same architect) in chapter VII of his early travel book Labels.

The Irish Examiner carries a review of the book by James Peill entitled The English Country House now out in a large format paperback edition. Among the entries covered is one about Madresfield Court, home of the Lygon family. According to the Examiner, this house in the early 1930s :

…became a party house and amongst its regular habitues was Evelyn Waugh, a fellow-student of Hugh Lygon’s at Oxford, who it is also said, was his lover. The seventh Earl, Boom, inspired Lord Marchmain, and Hugh Lygon was the model for Sebastian Flyte. Like Flyte, he was an alcoholic and died in Bavaria in 1936, having never reconciled himself. apparently, to being a chip off the old block. Elements of Madresfield appear in Black Mischief and in A Handful of Dust, too, and an earlier ancestor’s 17-year legal battle for an inheritance is said to have been picked up by Dickens and used in Bleak House.

Parts of Black Mischief were written by Waugh when he was a visitor at Madresfield, but it is not obvious what “elements” of the house might appear the story. Some Waugh scholars believe that Madresfield contributed to Waugh’s description of Hetton Abbey in A Handful of Dust. 

Finally, SomersetLive.com  has made a list of notable gravesites to be visited in that county:

Evelyn Waugh…was a renowned author and penned Brideshead Revisited among his respected body of work. It was often thought that he possessed one of the best turn of prose in the 20th century … He died in 1966 and was buried at the Church of St Peter & St Paul in Combe Florey, near Taunton.

The story also mentions the Somerset grave of actor Leo McKern in Bath. McKern played Capt Grimes, an outstanding performance in the otherwise un-noteworthy 1960’s film adaptation of Waugh’s novel Decline and Fall. 

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Waugh Inspires High Fashion Sunglasses

Fashion designer Karen Walker has released a new line of sunglasses called Transformers. To promote the product, she has herself appeared as a model in 7 different personas, “all of which have distinct aesthetics that correspond with the varying styles of sunglasses.” One of the designs is named for Evelyn Waugh. This is explained by Walker on a fashionista website:

6) The Waugh On Terror: “[Evelyn] Waugh has been one of my favorite writers since I was about 10. I doubt there are more than two or two of his [books] I haven’t read. I love that opening he allows into a time when women’s freedoms, and in fact, all of youth’s freedoms changed, and how the consequences of that rippled out into society. I’ve always wanted to be one of his characters, and now I have been.”

Other designs were inspired by, inter alia,  Vidal Sasoon, Robert Mapplethorpe, Dolly Parton and Princess Margaret. A clever idea, but perhaps too clever by half. The displays on the internet fail to link the illustrations of the sunglasses to their inspirations. In some cases (e.g., The Platinum C&W: Dolly Parton) this is fairly obvious, while in others, such as The Waugh on Terror, not so much.  

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Alexander Chancellor (1940-2017): Savior of The Spectator

Journalist and editor Alexander Chancellor has died at the age of 77. He is probably best known as the man who saved the Spectator. He became editor at a low point in 1975 and remained for 9 years during which the magazine recovered and prospered. According to his obituary in the Daily Telegraph by Harry Mount:

When Chancellor took over the Spectator in 1975, it was said he got the job because he was the only journalist known to the proprietor, Henry Keswick, chief of Jardine Matheson, the mighty Asian business conglomerate, and a fellow Old Etonian and Cambridge graduate. He shook up the Spectator, lending it a funny, cynical, mischievous quality. Its circulation soon began to climb.

It was Chancellor’s inspired idea to pair columns by Taki, the fast-living Greek shipping heir, and Jeff Bernard, the gloomy, vodka-loving denizen of Soho. In his High Life column, Taki fearlessly dissected the questionable mores of the billionaire jetset. In Low Life, Bernard analysed the drink-fuelled, disaster-filled saga of his bohemian life with mordant wit. Chancellor also signed up his old friends, Auberon Waugh and Ferdinand Mount (my father), to inject a political, literary and satirical touch. With the cartoons of Nick Garland and Michael Heath, the magazine became a must-read from the mid-1970s onwards.

Evelyn Waugh was an admirer of the Spectator throughout his career. According to Donat Gallagher (Essays, Articles and Reviews, pp. 111-12):

Waugh summed up his attitude towards journalism and money…”Either one writes to be read by intelligent people…or for money.”…  In most circumstances Waugh would write entertainingly for a high fee. He would write seriously for no fee (e.g. for the Tablet) or for a small fee (e.g. for the Spectator).

Alexander Chancellor was related to the Waugh family by marriage. His daughter Eliza is the wife of Alexander Waugh, an Honorary Vice President of the Society. See earlier post.

Chancellor was still actively at work as a journalist when he died. He was editor of the Oldie and writing the “Long Life” column for the Spectator where his final article (about Donald Trump) was published last month: “Donald the Elephant’s days are numbered.”

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