Music of Time

The BBC has undertaken a review of classical music composed in the years 1918-2018. This is entitled “Our Classical Century” and includes recorded performances and commentary on both television (BBC4) and radio (BBC Radio 3). Selections will also be featured in next year’s edition of the BBC Proms. In the program announcement for the Radio 3 portion, there are links to five musical pieces considered of particular “popular” interest. Among these is the composition Facade in which William Walton set to music some poems of Edith Sitwell:

The first [public] performance of Façade, by William Walton and Edith Sitwell, took place on 12 June 1923 in the grand setting of London’s Aeolian Hall. Unusually, the event wasn’t billed as a concert, but as an “entertainment” for six instruments and reciter. Walton, a gifted composer, was a hit with the bright young things of 1920s London. He had been all but adopted by the aristocratic Edith Sitwell and her brothers, Osbert and Sacheverell, who persuaded the reluctant Walton to set Edith’s poems to music.

On the night of the first performance, Sitwell spoke her lines through a “sengerfone”, a decorated megaphone that protruded through a monstrous face painted on a screen (a staging decision that was as practical as it was dramatic; it meant that she could be heard above the instruments). The music itself was a fizzing mix of sophisticated jazzy modernism and music hall parody, with masses of quotations thrown in.

Evelyn Waugh and Virginia Woolf were among the first dazed audience members, while Noel Coward was so disgusted that he walked out in the middle. The reviews were mixed. While one headline denounced Façade as “drivel that they paid to hear”, a more thoughtful critic wrote:”As a musical joker, [Walton] is a jewel of the first water’.

Waugh was still a student at Oxford at the time of this performance to which he was taken (if memory serves) by his friend Harold Acton. It is unlikely that he enjoyed it because, as he later explained, he found music (or at least classical music) painful to listen to. He said as much to Igor Stravinsky when declining a personal invitation to the premiere of that composer’s Requiem in the late 1940s. He does, however, appear to have enjoyed musical comedies and went to repeat performances of both The Beggar’s Opera in the 1920s and Kiss Me Kate (music and lyrics by Cole Porter based on Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew) in the 1950s. Whether either of those will appear in the BBC’s musical series is not known.

The Daily Mail has published a brief article by Patricia Nicol on what to read in the current season of party going:

Evelyn Waugh’s pitch-black inter-war ‘party novel’ Vile Bodies chronicled the debauched antics of Britain’s aristocratic Bright Young Things. Wild child Agatha Runcible dies after hosting a cocktail party in the nursery home where she has been sent to rest and recuperate. Therein lies a warning. Partying, like everything else, is best in season. Out of season, rest up.

The other recommended novel is Jay McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City set in the 1980s.

Finally, in a recent review of the US edition of Hilary Spurling’s biography of Waugh’s friend and fellow novelist Anthony Powell, author Christopher Sandford writes this in Modern Age: A Conservative Journal:

…Apart from turning out a stream of increasingly free-form reviews and memoirs, Powell found himself at the age of eighty-four at the center of one of those explosive literary feuds the English seem to do almost as well as their  national genius for the political sex scandal. His adversary was Evelyn Waugh’s eldest son, Auberon, who published a damning review of Powell’s latest volume of memoirs in the Sunday Telegraph, a paper to which they were both long-time contributors. Running as a subplot there was also the fact that Powell seemed to some to have lived his professional life in Evelyn Waugh’s shadow: never quite attaining the same level of success that Brideshead Revisited, in particular, brought to Waugh in the U.S., although by the same token scrupulously avoiding that book’s prevalent tone of narcissism and Roman Catholic proselytizing. Powell was simply too honorable to be a publicist for himself or indeed any other cause. His diaries cannot be read, as the elder Waugh’s can be, for their joyful cascade of indiscretions. When Waugh died at the age of sixty-three in 1966, Powell wrote merely that his friend had made a “great performance” of his life. By contrast, “I have absolutely no picture of myself,” Powell said. “Never have had.”

Spurling glides over the whole Sunday Telegraph incident by taking what could be called the psychological approach. The younger Waugh, she writes, had himself published an autobiography, “contain[ing] a scary portrait of Evelyn as a monstrous egoist who regarded all his sons, and this one in particular, as rivals to be snubbed, derided and put down. Even in his own distress, Powell regarded young Auberon’s response as essentially vicarious, the vengeful product of a largely loveless childhood.”

Be that as it may, Powell went ballistic over Auberon’s review, severing his relations with the Telegraph, which rather bizarrely commissioned a bust of their departing Ă©minence grise but then found they had nowhere to put it. It perched for a while on an office filing cabinet. The Powells and the Waughs never spoke again. It all could have been a scene from one of those darkly funny contemplations of the London literary world taken from Books Do Furnish a Room, the best individual installment of the Dance to the Music of Time.

It was a collection of Powell’s literary reviews, Miscellaneous Verdicts, not his memoirs that Auberon reviewed unfavorably in the Sunday Telegraph, and Powell reviewed for the weekday edition, not the Sunday. Whether the Powells and “the Waughs” never spoke again seems rather a moot point since both Evelyn Waugh and his wife Laura were dead by the time this dispute took place, although it does seem unlikely that they ever spoke again to Auberon who outlived Anthony Powell by a few months. The feud, such as it was, has not been carried into younger generations, as witnessed by Alexander Waugh’s lecture to the Anthony Powell Society last year.

UPDATE (11 December 2018): Sentence added to final paragraph.

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Roundup: Black Shorts and Literate Oenophiles

–Writing in America: The Jesuit Review, Rob Weinert-Kendt, journalist and editor of the American Theatre magazine, recalls how his life has been shaped by his reading and viewing of Brideshead Revisited as a teenager. He begins by putting the story in historical perspective:

…I realized something startling about “Brideshead” as I rewatched and reread it recently: More years have now elapsed since the series aired (37) than passed between the novel’s publication in 1945 and the creation of the series in 1981 (36). That doesn’t just make me feel old; it also happens to refract the last century in a sobering and clarifying new light. Waugh’s novel takes much of its animating energy from the death-haunted abandon of the Jazz Age years, between the grim bookends of World Wars I and II, when he was a giddy young Oxfordian. The intervening years between the novel and the series, though ostensibly chilled by the Cold War, witnessed the cultural revolution of the 1960s, then the retrenchment represented by Thatcher and Reagan, into which the apparent aristocratic nostalgia of the “Brideshead” series sailed with perfect timing.

He goes on to explain how Brideshead influenced his decision to have his parents send him to a Jesuit prep school where, although he was and remains a Protestant, he was turned

…from a class-obsessed preppy into something of a left-leaning, redistributionist hippie. My faith would weather more challenges in adulthood, but by the time I left Brophy [his Jesuit prep school] it was as strong and deep as an 18-year-old’s faith can be; at last rooted in something more enduring than an argyle sweater, it had blossomed accordingly. But there is no denying that superficial material attractions are what had lured me into the realm of the selfless and the spiritual, and planted at least a part of me there forever. (I won’t dwell here on the irony that Waugh, a notoriously conservative crank, would be mortified by the socially liberal form my religion has taken.)

He wonders what effect Brideshead may have on today’s younger generation and supposes that “contemporary readers may simply not find as much to grab them in the social history of between-the-wars England.” But he concludes that to worry about this is “to miss the point the book is making, and certainly made in my life: Earthly delights are but a foretaste of the feast to come. As St. Augustine wrote: ‘Late have I loved thee, O beauty so ancient and so new.’ In contemporary parlance: Better late than never.

–In the Guardian, Ian Sansom reviews a book by Ben Schott in which he revisits the Wodehousian world of Bertie Wooster. This is Jeeves and the King of Clubs. The review opens with this:

According to Evelyn Waugh, “Mr Wodehouse’s idyllic world can never stale. He will continue to release future generations from captivity that may be more irksome than our own.” He has certainly continued to release future generations from the irksome captivity of writing as themselves. Following in what he calls “the patent-leather footsteps of the greatest humorist in the English language”, Ben Schott of the Schott’s Miscellanies fame has written a homage to everyone’s favourite Wodehouse creations, Jeeves and Wooster. (He’s not the first: Sebastian Faulks had a go in 2013, in Jeeves and the Wedding Bells.) The book, we are told, is “Authorised by the PG Wodehouse Estate”, which is certainly reassuring – but is it any good? The stakes are high. Fond pastiche or parody? A novel or a novelty?

The review continues by summarizing a plot which should resonate with Wodehouse lovers. It revolves around a right wing political group called the “Black Shorts” which sounds like a good start. The Waugh quote comes from a 1961 BBC Home Service broadcast, reprinted in the Sunday Times (16 July 1961) as “An Act of Homage and Reparation to P G Wodehouse.” EAR, p. 561.

–In a Guardian opinion article, Marina Hyde is reminded by the current mind-numbing Brexit scandal of a previous British political crisis as it was described by Waugh:

For some, Brexit is so unwatchable that it has passed through the looking glass and is now obsessively watchable. There is a definite strand in the British temperament that does enjoy a good constitutional crisis. In a 1936 diary entry [p. 415], Evelyn Waugh wrote of the abdication drama: “The Simpson crisis has been a great delight to everyone. At Maidie’s nursing home they report a pronounced turn for the better in all adult patients. There can seldom have been an event that has caused so much general delight and so little pain.” If only the Brexit crisis were as victimless an event. The Wallis Simpson affair was clearly a net benefit for the nation (plus a good 25% on the share price for Cartier).

–Finally, returning to Brideshead, novelist Jay McInerney includes that novel on a Literary Hub list of 8 novels for the literate oenophile:

There are many reasons to love this uncharacteristically romantic novel by Waugh, including the delirious wine commentary of its protagonists Charles Ryder and Sebastian Flyte who spend an idyllic summer trying to drain the wine cellar at Sebastian’s ancestral castle and inventing ways to describe it.

“It’s a little shy wine like a gazelle.”
“Like a leprechaun.”
“and this is a wise old wine.”
“A prophet in a cave.”
“And this is a necklace of pearls on a white neck.”
“Like a white swan.”

And more ominously, there is this exchange:

“Ought we to be drunk every night,” Sebastian asked one morning. “Yes, I think so.”

“I think so too.”

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Waugh Event at Gloucestershire Festival

The Chipping Campden Literary Festival has issued preliminary information about its 2019 program. This is scheduled for 7-11 May 2019 and will include an event on 10 May entitled “Scoop: We Need to Talk About Waugh”. This will be presented by two Waugh biographers, Martin Stannard and Duncan McLaren. More details will be provided as they become available.

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Tatler Reopens U/Non-U Debate

A recent feature article in Tatler magazine reopens the ever popular discussion of English social class markers usually referred to as the U/Non-U debate originally sparked by an article by Nancy Mitford. This latest discussion is by Matthew Bell. Here is an excerpt:

[Mitford’s] article, published in the CIA-funded magazine, Encounter, provoked an outcry, not least from her old friend Evelyn Waugh. In an open letter denouncing her for lobbing this grenade into British society, he wrote: ‘There are subjects too intimate for print. Surely class is one?’

Reading Mitford’s essay now, you realise how quickly everything changes. Back then, her observations on class were based on language – whether you ‘took a bath’ (non-U) or ‘had one’s bath’ (U). Whether you said ‘chimneypiece’ (U) or ‘mantelpiece’ (non-U). Today, having a bathtub at all is a sign of leisure, and therefore U (showers being much more common in every sense), while having a fireplace has become similarly recherchĂ© – and therefore U – in an age of remotely controlled central heating. Of course it was all tongue-in-cheek, a big old tease on the petit bourgeois. […]

A complicating factor in modern U-usage is that for years it has been cool not to be U. Sixty years of rock stars and Hollywood actors dominating the scene means nobody wants to seem upper class, even if they are. So being U has evolved to mean other things. It is about taste, and style, and culture. About being aware of the myriad nuances detectable in how people speak and interact and behave. That’s not always easy: while shibboleths such as ‘shoes have laces’ and ‘motorcars are black’, as one Chairman of the Stock Exchange insisted, have been gladly tossed aside, and even such guardians of correct form as 5 Hertford Street now accepts jeans – as long as they’re not ripped. And the hoodied figure ahead of you in the check-in queue is as likely to be the groovy young Viscount Loamshire of Waugh’s novels as he is to be a disruptive tech billionaire.

Here are a few pairings from Tatler’s new glossary of U/Non-U useages and practices:

New U/Non-U

Eating bread/Dietary requirements

Taking a centrist view/Jacob Rees Mogg

Champagne/Most white wine

EasyJet/British Airways

The North/The South-East

Loving your parents/Being friends with your parents

Knowing about plants/Knowing about yachts

Waugh’s comments on Mitford’s article (in the form of an “Open Letter” to Mitford) also appeared in a later issue of Encounter. Both were included in a collection of essays on the subject edited by Mitford: Noblesse Oblige (1956); and Waugh’s “Open Letter” is collected in EAR. Loamshire is a fictional county mentioned by Waugh in Put Out More Flags and Men at Arms, but the Viscount from that district may be a Tatler creation. Another revival of this discussion in TLS a few months ago drove up the price of Mitford’s essay collection in the internet secondhand book market. See previous posts. Perhaps this one will lead to a reprint.

A Florida affiliate of the US TV network NBC recently posted a review by its Culture Critic Michael Langan of the collected Letters of Nancy Mitford and Evelyn Waugh (1996). After a brief summary of the life and works of both writers he described their letters:

Charlotte Mosley, Nancy Mitford’s niece, daughter of Diana, has edited all this business. She is an absolutely wonderful editor. Mosley does what almost no one does anymore: She places beautifully clear footnotes on the page of the text that one is actually reading, rather than dropping them into the bowels of the endpaper somewhere, where one needs a flashlight to find them. […]

The letters are very brittle at times. Both writers were accomplished satirists in their own right, able to snap one’s head off with a single slight. […] By the end of their correspondence, in 1965, ennui had taken over. Waugh wrote: “Darling Nancy, It was very nice to hear from you. I have not written because the last 10 months have been ineffably dreary — my only excursions to dentist and funerals and my house perpetually full of grandchildren.”

 

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Pasternak Slater Book Now in Paperback

The Liverpool University Press has announced the issuance of the paperback edition of the book Evelyn Waugh (Writers and their Work). This is by Ann Pasternak Slater and was originally published in a hardback edition in 2016. It was then reviewed in Evelyn Waugh Studies 47.2 (Autumn 2016) by Chip Long where he described it as:

…a reader’s book. That is, it performs criticism as an act of companionship between its author and her audience that will not only be welcomed by new students of Waugh but also be compelling to those already familiar with his work. Readers and reading are taken seriously and encouraged. It is a book of deep yet unobtrusive learning and literary sensibility that makes nuanced use of other authors (Shakespeare, Keats, Yeats, D.H. Lawrence) and other texts. Discussions are always grounded firmly in the fiction itself; APS concentrates on words and sentences with an intense clarity that makes her reader want to return to the source straightaway. (I mean this as a compliment: in response to her chapters on Decline and Fall and Black Mischief, I re-read the novels with new pleasure before moving on to the treatments of Vile Bodies and A Handful of Dust respectively.) As with any salutary companion, it’s possible to maintain a leisurely pace in order to appreciate the conversation. And perhaps that’s the metaphor to explain the book’s success. I felt as if I was observing APS orchestrate a series of conversations – among Waugh’s books; between his biography and corollary texts (e.g., letters, diaries, and autograph manuscripts) and the fiction; between APS and other critics; and, most importantly between APS and her reader – designed to highlight “Waugh’s intellectual coherence” (73) and consistent moral seriousness.

The paperback is available from Amazon.com at this link for $29.95; it is temporarily out of stock but orders are now being taken. It will be available from the publisher in the UK later this month for £16.99.

UPDATE (1 January 2019): There is considerable confusion about the publication date for the paperback edition of this book. It is now listed on the OUP internet site as 1 February 2019. (OUP is the US distributor.) Further updates will be posted when matters clarify.

UPDATE 2 (30 January 2019): The OUP in the USA is now filling orders for the paperback edition of the book. No so, Amazon.com, however.

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Sunday Roundup: from Rails to Balls

–The new railroad line from Djibouti to Addis Ababa is featured in a recent illustrated story in the Irish Times. This project was financed by the Chinese and was placed into full operation earlier this year. The service is now running on a regular basis and seems a far cry from the unreliable experience described by Evelyn Waugh in his 1930s writings about this region. According to the Irish Times:

…after leaving Addis Ababa, the author’s train arrived at each station roughly on time during its 12œ-hour passage. Passenger satisfaction, however, is tempered by nostalgia for what has been lost in the bid for modernity. “It’s like being transported as cattle in a container: you’re sealed up at Addis Ababa before being deposited at your destination,” says […], a Dire Dawa businessman who used to take the old railway line that was constructed in the early 20th century and conveyed the novelist Evelyn Waugh when he came as a reporter for the Times to cover the 1936 coronation of Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie.

The story gets the Waugh chronology a bit wrong. He first travelled the railway in 1930 on the way to cover the coronation for the Times. That story is told in Black Mischief and Remote People. In 1935 he used the railway again to cover the invasion of Ethiopia by Italy for the Daily Mail, immortalized in the novel Scoop, and he returned again in 1936 for some follow up research for his book Waugh in Abyssinia.

–The Catholic Herald has a story comparing the career of a recently deceased Roman Catholic bishop in Wisconsin with that of Edmund Campion as described by Evelyn Waugh in his 1935 biography. The story opens with this:

Early in his biography of Edmund Campion, Evelyn Waugh wonders why his subject spurned the smooth path that lay before him – accommodation with the nascent Anglican establishment, with all the comfort it afforded – and sought, instead, the way of the Cross. We like to imagine our saints facing starkly clear choices. But that wasn’t the case with the Oxford tutor who would go on to become the great Jesuit martyr; Campion had to find Calvary through a glass darkly. […]

So “why throw up so much that was excellent, in straining for a remote and perhaps unattainable perfection?” Waugh immediately answers his own question: “There was that in Campion that made him more than a decent person; an embryo in the womb of his being, maturing in darkness, invisible, barely stirring; the love of holiness, the need for sacrifice. He could not accept.” […] The Waugh passage came to my mind as I read news that Robert Morlino, the Bishop of Madison, Wisconsin, had died on Saturday from a “cardiac event”, per his diocese. The bishop’s memory will long endure as a defender of orthodoxy, at a time, not unlike Campion’s, when many otherwise decent men chose accommodation with corruption inside the Church and moral disorder in the world outside.

–The Daily Mail has been covering the story of the dilapidation and projected restoration of the Wentworth Woodhouse estate near Rotherham, South Yorkshire. Although it is described by the Mail as the largest country house in Britain and the largest private residence in Europe, Waugh had little connection with the house or the family that owned it, the Fitzwilliams. Waugh does however rate a mention in the Mail’s story thanks to his friendship with Kathleen Kennedy, JFK’s sister:

Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, a decorated war hero, and [Kathleen], whose husband, the Marquess of Hartington, had been killed in action in 1944, had [in 1948] been desperately in love for two years. Rumours swirled that, when they crashed [on 13 May 1948], they were on their way to the Vatican to obtain special dispensation from the Pope to marry, if Peter divorced his wife. The passionate affair was an open secret among their friends. […] No one will ever know for certain what Peter and Kick were planning when they took off from Croydon airport, with enough luggage for a world cruise – including dozens of outfits, a caseful of negligees and most of Kick’s jewels. Such was her love of clothes, all this might really have been packed for just a long weekend – or maybe, as friend Evelyn Waugh believed, the couple were actually eloping.

Waugh’s opinion on the reason for the trip is contained in a letter to Clarissa Eden, dated 6 September 1952, Letters, p. 382.

BBC Radio 4 has reposted an episode of its Open Book program from 2016 in which Mariella Frostrup discusses Philip Eade’s biography of Evelyn Waugh with novelist and literary critic D J Taylor. See previous post. In addition, they have reposted a 2005 episode of Good Reads in which actors Hugh Dennis and Maria Aitken discuss Waugh’s A Handful of Dust with presenter Sue MacGregor. Books by Ian McKewen and Vladimir Nabokov are also discussed.

The TLS has an article that consists of extracts from the commonplace book of Dwight Garner, book critic for the New York Times. These are grouped into “conversations with each other” on a common topic:

Never write “balls” with an indelible pencil on the margins of the books provided.

– Evelyn Waugh

Language is balls coming at you from every angle.

– Alan Bennett

I hear you . . . have finished a novel a hundred thousand words long consisting entirely of the word “balls” used in new groupings.

– F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Ernest Hemingway

Doesn’t this all sound balls? But it is not quite balls.

– Jean Rhys

The Waugh quote is from a 1946 letter to Mary Lygon (Letters, p. 240) advising her of proper behavior in the London Library which she had recently joined.

There is also this one from Auberon Waugh in a group about book reviews:

Have Anthony Powell’s reviews always been this bad, or has he had a stroke?

– Auberon Waugh, Diaries

That was from his Private Eye Diaries on the occasion of his having read Powell’s review of Evelyn’s Letters.

 

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Waugh in Italy

Milena Borden has kindly sent along this report of the recent Waugh seminar in Milan:

On 17 November, at the British Council in Milan, a seminar “A Waugh Fest” took place. It was sponsored by BookCity, Milan University and the British Council “to celebrate the editing of Waugh’s Complete Works, Oxford University Press and to discuss Waugh in Italy with British and Italian academics, and translators.“ This was preceded by an exhibition “Evelyn Waugh in Bompiani’s Catalogue: Italian translations of Waugh’s works published  by Bompiani during Waugh’s life.”

You walk into the second floor of the British Council offices on via Alessandro Manzoni 38, a stone’s throw away from the Teatro alla Scala, to find the Evelyn Waugh exhibition, displaying on a wall five photo panels of the front covers of Waugh’s Italian translations published during his lifetime and his correspondence with the publisher Valentino Bompiani (1898 – 1992). Curated with an evident attention to accuracy, the exhibit illustrates how and why Waugh was promoted in the Italian foreign fiction market after the Second World War. Bompiani was one of the major players in the field as demonstrated by the catalogue of the Waugh’s titles in translation and the names of the translators from 1948 to 1965. The correspondence between the writer and the publisher, who personally knew each other, consists of thirteen letters and three postcards including a telegram of condolence dated two days after Waugh died in 1966, all preserved in the Fondazione Corriere della Sera, Milan. The influential Italian literary critic Emilio Cecchi is noted as having been central to Waugh’s success in Italy. Also important seems to have been the choice of the modernist Milan artist Bruno Munari (1907-1998) to design the dust jackets for Corpi vili (Vile Bodies), Lady Margot (Decline and Fall), Spada e onore (Sword of Honour) and Misfatto negro (Black Mischief). It was not clearly indicated if he was also the dust jacket designer for Ritorno a Brideshead (Brideshead Revisited), which was the first of Waugh’s book published in Italy in 1948.  

The two-hour seminar was attended by about 60 people, mainly local regulars at the Council’s events. Following a short introduction by Giovanni Lamartino of the University of Milan, Professor Martin Stannard spoke about the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh, which he claimed, at 43 volumes would be the largest edition of a British author. He explained that behind this ambitious idea was Alexander Waugh, the grandson of Evelyn Waugh, who regretfully was not able to attend the event. He described Alexander as a highly entertaining character, the absolute authority on Evelyn Waugh, a collector, researcher and an expert, a person of exceptional generosity who offered his archive free of charge to all scholars. The 23 editors of the CW have adopted a new and transformative approach to this project, becoming book historians rather than critics or interpreters of Waugh.

This was followed by Professor Simon James from Durham University who is the editor of Decline and Fall. He presented one page of the hand-written manuscript (1927) of the book as an illustration of how Waugh wrote 3, 000 words per day and then how he revised under the pressure of the publisher to soften the tone of his first comic novel. Further on, Dr. Rebecca Moore, who recently completed her PhD as part of the project, gave a presentation about Waugh as a visual artist, with his illustrations in the 1920s magazine The Oxford Broom in German expressionist style. She focused on his 1932 experience at the Heatherley School of Fine Art in Chelsea and then discussed Waugh’s short story “The Balance” (1926) as an autobiographical work. Moore argued that his visual education was reflected in his writing despite the fact that he was unsatisfied with it.  Dr. Sharon Ouditt,  of Nottingham Trent University, the editor of Labels, revealed how Waugh reluctantly worked on his first travel book which partly reflected his failed first marriage.

On the Italian side, Dr. Sarah Sullam addressed Waugh’s reception in Italy after Bompiani decided to commission the 1948 Italian translation of Brideshead Revisited. Bompiani promoted Waugh as a counterpoint to the experimental fiction of Virginia Woolf and  James Joyce. He was also able to promote him in the Catholic press because of Brideshead’s explicit religious theme. But even before this, the foremost Italian literary critic Emilio Cecchi had already praised the novel. Ottavio Fatica, the most recent Italian translator of Brideshead (Ritorno a Brideshead, Tascabili Bompiani 507, 2017) used particular textual examples to compare his work with previous translations in order to illustrate the challenges of translating Waugh into Italian.

“Why this interest in Waugh now?” was the first question from the audience, answered by Stannard who explained that the interest in Waugh had actually never subsided despite  hostile criticism by the liberal British press during the 1960s followed by the publication of his controversial Diaries (1976). “His politics were subversive in a time when most intellectuals were Marxist
But everything will change with the OUP publication.” Stannard also asserted that it is indeed possible for the editors to not be critics, responding to another question. I asked the last question about whether there was an Italian writer similar in style to Waugh. Ottavio Fatica’s answer was a definite “no”.

UPDATE (18 December 2018): An abbreviated version of this article with illustrations and slightly different content can be found on the University of Leicester’s website Waugh and Words.

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Gabbitas & Waugh

The educational consultants known as Gabbitas have included the following historical description in their internet prospectus:

Gabbitas has been involved with Independent Education for over 145 years.

We have helped with the education of the British royal family, crowned heads of Europe, famous authors and composers such as Evelyn Waugh, Stephen Fry and Edward Elgar and many other outstanding figures in the arts and sciences.

Founded by Mr Gabbitas in 1873, today we are part of the Shaw Trust, a leading national charity that creates brighter futures for people through work, training and education.

They are presumably referring to their role in helping Evelyn Waugh secure his first job as a schoolmaster at the Arnold House school in North Wales. Waugh worked with the “scholastic agents” Truman & Knightley (Diaries, p. 191). That firm was acquired by what was then Gabbitas & Thring sometime around 1990 and then became Gabbitas, Truman & Thring. That was later at some point shortened to its present name.

Waugh fictionalized the firm as Church and Gargoyle in his first novel Decline and Fall. Mr Levy of that fictional firm explained its classification of schools to Paul Pennyfeather in a frequently quoted passage, most recently appearing an article by Adrian Wooldridge entitled “Hotels from Hell” in the current issue of The Economist’s 1843 magazine:

In Evelyn Waugh’s first novel, “Decline and Fall”, the hero, Paul Pennyfeather, is sent down from Oxford for indecent behaviour. Desperate for any job he can get, he visits Church and Gargoyle, scholastic agents. “We class schools into four grades,” says the teaching agency’s boss: “Leading school, first-rate school, good school and school. Frankly, school is pretty bad.”

Much the same can be said of hotels. One of the oddities of a career in journalism is that you find yourself ricocheting between the equivalent of “leading schools” and “schools”. […]

Actor Kevin Eldon makes a proper meal of that scene as Mr Levy in the recent BBC adaptation of Waugh’s novel.

According to a 1996 article in the Spectator, Gabbitas might, with all fairness, have been even more aggressive in associating itself with major literary figures in its prospectus:

Some of the most illustrious names of the 20th century passed thorough the agency after university: Elgar, Vaughan Williams, Evelyn Waugh, John Betjeman, W.H. Auden, the scientist Barnes Wallis and the comedy actor Jimmy Edwards among them. There was a simple coding system to assess the social status of young graduates seeking employment. Those considered the least suitable were marked on a card as Good M and A — Good Manner and Appearance; only those in the firm knew that it really meant: impossible to place. This code was used in case the applicant ever saw the card. The highest accolade was: Thorough Gent, Very Good M and A.

Any young man wearing what used to be called library spectacles, with thick frames, had his card marked with a symbol. It indicated he couldn’t be a thorough gent but a left-wing intellectual. Evelyn Waugh, of course, immortalised Gabbitas and Thring in Decline and Fall, as did John Betjeman in Summoned by Bells. The agency found its way into a W.H. Auden poem Letter to Byron.

Gabbitas may also want to do some consulting with Russian language experts since it appears to be targeting Russian expatriates as potential clients. It lists as satisfied clients the “Three Serebryakovas” and “the Serebryakova’s”. They apparently mean the Serebryakov family or, less formally, the Three Serebryakovs (although if they are referring to three sisters of that family, “Three Serebryakovas” might be so understood, if nevertheless seeming somewhat eccentric to Russian speakers) .

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Midweek Roundup

–The New York Times reviews a new book about Los Angeles. This is David Kipen’s anthology, Dear Los Angeles: The City in Diaries and Letters, 1542 to 2018. According to the review this isn’t exactly a “rescue mission” for the much reviled city:

[Kipen] prints loads of contumely — mostly snobbish disapproval from Eastern visitors — about his hometown. But his book deepens and expands and flyspecks our view of Los Angeles. Consuming it’s a bit like watching an orange-scented, palm tree-lined, gin-soaked version of Christian Marclay’s 24-hour movie montage, “The Clock” […]

Evelyn Waugh complained about “lunch in wineless canteens.” He continued: “We have trained the waiters in the dining-room  not to give us iced water and our chauffeur not to ask us questions. There is here the exact opposite of the English custom by which the higher classes are ecpected to ask personal questions of the lower.”

This quote comes from Waugh’s Diaries (pp. 673-74) for 13 February 1947.

–Novelist and critic Allan Massie writing in the Catholic Herald tries to explain why there are no Roman Catholic characters in Anthony Powell’s novels Dance to the Music of Time:

For many, myself among them, Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene and Anthony Powell were the outstanding English novelists of the middle decades of the 20th century, and I have been reading and re-reading them since I was a schoolboy more than 60 years ago. There aren’t many novelists one doesn’t tire of, but repeatedly returns to. […]

Waugh and Powell were friends, admiring each other’s novels, with more reservations on Powell’s part than Waugh’s. Powell disliked Greene’s novels, though insisting in his Journals that he had nothing against him as a man and would be quite happy to meet him again. I rather question this. Waugh and Greene, scarcely knowing each other at Oxford, became friends in middle life, when both were established as Catholic novelists. More of that, I hope, in a later article.

It is perhaps on account of writing this column that I have become aware of the strange absence of Catholic characters from the 12 volumes of A Dance to the Music of Time. The novel is not autobiographical, though it runs in parallel with Powell’s life, and it would be surprising if he hadn’t other Catholic friends besides Waugh. Indeed, his brother-in-law Frank Pakenham, Lord Longford, was a prominent Catholic (also a convert), so that Powell had Catholic nephews and nieces, among them Lady Antonia Fraser. Longford claimed to have been the model for two Powell characters – the Red peer, Erridge (brother of the narrator Nick Jenkins’s wife) and the appalling if irresistible Widmerpool. (“It’s ridiculous,” Powell said to me, “Frank can’t be both. He must make up his mind which he is.”)

Massie goes on to observe that Powell preferred to write about the occult (referred to in the article as “mumbo-jumbo”) more than about organized religion and populated his novel with characters from that spiritualist milieu; but Massie doesn’t think that Powell himself took it very seriously.

The Catholic Thing weblog has an article recommending a 1960 novel by Waugh’s friend Alfred Duggan. The article begins with this:

As a brief respite from the turmoil in Church and State these days, I’ve been indulging myself with a very pleasant read through Alfred Duggan’s novel (1960) The Cunning of the Dove– a fictional re-creation of the turmoil in Church and State in the days of King Edward the Confessor (1042-1066). Some things, it seems, never really change.

Duggan was a friend of Evelyn Waugh’s, a conservative Catholic, a powerful yet graceful writer who deserves to be better known for a series of novels set in the Middle Ages. As Waugh wrote of him: “This century has been prolific in historical novels, many garish, some scholarly. I know of none which give the same sense of intimacy as Alfred’s – as though he were describing personal experiences and observations.”…

Duggan died in 1964 and the quote is from a memorial message that Waugh delivered on the BBC; the text was published in the Spectator and later that year in the US Jesuit journal America. It is collected in EAR, p, 625.

–The National Catholic Register recommends a list of 5 Catholic novels. Among them is Waugh’s Helena:

It might come as a surprise that I am recommending Evelyn Waugh’s Helena (1950), this great Catholic novelist’s sole historical work over what is, pretty much objectively, his greatest work, the magnificent Brideshead Revisited (1945). Well, my recommendation is based solely on my great love of Saint Helen, who was the patroness of the parish to which I was assigned as a newly ordained priest (and note that I was able to get a mention in of the more famous Brideshead, all the while introducing Helena!) It is stated that Waugh himself believed that this was his best novel. This is the story of Helena, mother of the Emperor Constantine, and her quest to find the relics of the Lord’s Cross. It is a social commentary with allegories to life in Britain at the time of Waugh’s writing of the novel, while at the same time offering us a pious life of the great Saint, Helena. And the character of Helena herself is wise and witty. Although not Waugh’s usual style, this is a true pleasure to read.

–The Sunday Times (South Africa) has published an interview of novelist Lucinda Riley. Here’a an excerpt:

What is your most treasured book?

When I received my first big advance, I bought myself a first edition copy of Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh.

Riley’s latest novel is The Moon Sister. This seems to be part of a series celled The Seven Sisters of which this is Book 5.

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Thanksgiving Roundup

–Author William Giraldi contributed an essay to Commonweal magazine as part of a series in which Roman Catholic intellectuals explain why they have left or remained in the church. A Catholic from birth, his article was posted on the magazine’s website earlier this week and is entitled “Why I left…and yet…” Here’s an excerpt from the conclusion:

…I am a Catholic—in culture, in imagination, in storytelling, in my specific grammar of understanding—because of Dante and Hopkins and Chesterton, Flannery O’Connor and Walker Percy, Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh and Simone Weil, because I can’t undo the determining effects their work had on my notion of what literature and thought should be. Nor can I undo my upbringing and the influence it still exerts on my sensibility. […]

When Orwell, writing about Waugh, remarked that one really can’t be Catholic and grown-up at the same time, he was getting at the wild implausibility at the hub of Christianity. But “God” and “Christ” are, above all, terms of poetry, of allegory and metaphor and myth. […]

My new regard for the artistic possibilities of my Catholic past coincided with my rising certainty that unless a novel sets out to confront the sublime, the sacred, the state of the soul—and I mean soul in both the sacral and the secular sense—the novelist is not firing on all eight cylinders. If fiction writers are content to fashion only worn simulacrums of reality, more domestic dramas—the marriage is shot, the bills are due—then they’re barring themselves from an inner cosmos it is art’s job to encounter. The clergy don’t have exclusive say over the sacred; it is the province of writers and poets too.

Giraldi’s novel Hold the Dark was recently made into a motion picture by Netflix.

The Catholic Herald also has an article on the same subject by Mathew Schmitz which contains this reference to Waugh’s letter dated 2 September 1952 to Clarissa Eden whom Waugh was rather persecuting for her marriage to Anthony Eden who was divorced (Letters, p. 381):

When a woman he loved decided to leave the Catholic Church, Evelyn Waugh inquired: “Did you never think how you were contributing to the loneliness of Calvary by your desertion?” Like so much of Waugh’s writing, this was unkind – and absolutely correct.

–Religious historian and blogger Stephanie Mann recommends Waugh’s Robbery Under Law as appropriate reading for the day of remembrance of the Roman Catholic martyr Miguel Pro:

On the memorial of Blessed Miguel Pro the Jesuit priest executed on November 23, 1927 in Mexico, it seems appropriate to remember how Evelyn Waugh, in the introduction to the second edition of his biography of then Blessed Edmund Campion, mentioned that the “Martyrdom of Father Pro in Mexico re-enacted Campion’s in faithful detail” and that the “haunted, trapped, murdered priest is our contemporary.”

She also includes several extended quotes from Robbery Under Law on the subject.

–The online literary magazine Literary Hub has posted a collection of antiquarian dust wrappers, among which is one created by Evelyn Waugh for one of his own novels. The collection was put together by Emily Temple who explains the dust wrapper as we know it today:

…didn’t even exist until the 1820s, and in the beginning they were usually plain, utilitarian things meant quite literally to prevent the books from gathering dust, and they were often discarded by booksellers before display, as much more effort was put into the cloth or cardboard bindings underneath. But beginning at the turn of the last century, publishers began producing decorated dust jackets and simpler bindings (for one thing, it was a lot cheaper), and by 1920 this was the norm.

So just for fun, and because it’s almost the holidays and we all need some Feel Good Content, I’ve collected 32 beautiful, interesting, or otherwise appealing dust jackets of classic works, mostly from the 1920s and 30s. NB that I left off a lot of classics whose covers would be familiar to contemporary readers—no one needs to see that same old covers of The Great Gatsby or Gone With the Wind on a list like this. You’ve seen them a million times already. But have you seen the first edition of Decline and Fall, designed by Evelyn Waugh himself? Either way, read on for some fine and utterly unproblematic book porn.

Readers may be interested to know that a copy of the Waugh dust wrapper illustrated in the article is available from Facsimile Dust Jackets LLC. They also have others available.

–Finally, Scoop features in two recent press reports. In Money Week, a UK-based financial magazine, Matthew Partridge sees in it a lesson for today’s investors who seem to be spooked by their perceptions of technology companies:

Early in the story, one of the old hands, Corker, gives Boot a crash course in journalism, relating the story of Wenlock Jakes, a “star” foreign correspondent whose reports are “syndicated all over America”. On one occasion Jakes accidentally goes to the wrong country, but his completely fictitious report about a revolution is then picked up by other journalists who repeat and embellish it. The result: “government stocks dropped, financial panic, state of emergency declared”. “In less than a week there was an honest to God revolution under way.” […]

The idea that perceptions help create the reality we believe we are merely observing, which then in turn determines our perceptions, is known as reflexivity. […] Technology firms, especially those that are in the early stages of development, are particularly dependent on investors keeping faith with them, because they may need several infusions of capital before they become profitable. The classic example is Amazon, which nearly went bankrupt in the immediate aftermath of the bursting of the dotcom bubble. It was only when the retailer showed that it could turn a profit that credit markets were reassured.

And in the Daily Express, BBC correspondent and program presenter Edward Stourton chooses Scoop as one of his six favorite books.

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Posted in Anniversaries, Catholicism, Decline and Fall, Edmund Campion, Evelyn Waugh, Letters, Newspapers, Robbery Under Law, Scoop | Tagged , , , , , , | Comments Off on Thanksgiving Roundup